Insulin Protafan: nkọwa na iwu ojiji

Protafan HM bụ insulin na-arụ ọrụ mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe omimi nke ihe omimi DNA na-eji Saccharomyces cerevisiae eme ihe. Ọ na - emekọrịta otu onye nnabata nke akpụkpọ ahụ cytoplasmic nke mkpụrụ ndụ ma mepụta insulin-receptor complex nke na - akpali usoro intracellular, gụnyere njikọ nke ọtụtụ enzymes isi (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase, wdg). Mbelata nke glucose na ọbara bụ n'ihi mmụba na ntinye ya na intracellular, mmụba ụba site na anụ ahụ, mkpali nke lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, mbelata ọnụego glucose na-emepụta site na imeju, wdg.

Oge ihe nke insulin na-eme bụ n'ihi nzere, nke dabere n'ọtụtụ ihe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro, usoro nchịkwa na ụdị ọrịa shuga). Ya mere, profaịlụ nke insulin emereme nọ n'okpuru mgbanwe dị iche iche, na ndị dị iche iche na otu onye. Omume ya na-amalite n'ime awa 1.5 mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị, a na-egosikarị nsonaazụ kachasị n'ime awa 4-12, ebe ngụkọta oge nke ihe ọ bụla bụ ihe dịka awa 24.

Mlọ ọgwụ

Izu oke nke nnabata na mmalite nke mmetụta nke insulin na-adabere n'ụzọ nke nchịkwa (s / c, i / m), ebe nsị (afọ, afọ, isi), dose (olu insulin na-achịkwa), na itinye uche nke insulin na nkwadebe. Cmax nke insulin na plasma abatawo n’ime awa 2-18 ka nchịkwa nke nchịkwa sc gasịrị.

Enweghị iwu akpọrọ maka protein plasma, mgbe ụfọdụ naanị ọgwụ nje na-eme ka insulin na-achọpụta.

A na-ewepụ insulin mmadụ site na ọrụ nke insulin protease ma ọ bụ enzymes na-eme ka insulin na-ehichapụ ya, na ikekwe sitekwa n'ọrụ protein disulfide isomerase. Echere na na molekul nke insulin mmadu nwere otutu saịtị nke cleavage (hydrolysis), agbanyeghị, ọ nweghị nke metabolites guzobere n'ihi nsachapụ adịghị arụ ọrụ.

A na-ekpebi T1 / 2 site na nha etu esi ewepu anụ arụ. Yabụ, T1 / 2 bụ ọkwa nke nnabata, karịa ihe dị ka iwepu insulin na plasma (T1 / 2 nke insulin na ọbara ọbara bụ naanị nkeji ole na ole). Mmụta emere gosiri na T1 / 2 bụ ihe dịka awa 5-10.

Data Nchekwa nke ime

Na omumu ihe omumu, tinyere ihe omumu banyere otutu ihe omumu, ihe omumu banyere oria, nke ikari oke aru na nsonye ojoo n’egbara omumu, achoputaghi omuma mmadu a.

Usoro usoro onunu ogwu

Ezubere ọgwụ a maka nchịkwa okpuru ala.

A na-ahọrọ ọ̀gwụ nke ọgwụ n’otu n’otu, na-eburu n'uche mkpa ndị ọrịa. Dị ka ọ dị, chọrọ insulin dị n'etiti 0.3 na 1 IU / kg / ụbọchị. Needchọrọ insulin kwa ụbọchị nwere ike ịdị elu karịa na ndị ọrịa nwere nguzogide insulin (dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge oge uto, yana na ndị ọrịa na-ebu oke ibu), na-agbadata na ndị ọrịa nwere ọgwụ insulin na-apụtakarị ihe. Na mgbakwunye, dọkịta na-ekpebi ugboro ole inwa dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ịnata, otu ma ọ bụ karịa. Enwere ike inye Protafan HM dịka monotherapy, ma ọ bụ yana yana insulin ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ nke dị mkpụmkpụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ insulin siri ike, a ga - eji nkwusioru a mee ya dịka insulin basal (a na - eme ya na mgbede na / ma ọ bụ n'ụtụtụ), yana insulin ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ nke dị mkpụmkpụ, nsị nke kwesịrị ka ọ bụrụ naanị nri. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-enweta njikwa glycemic kachasị mma, mgbe ahụ nsogbu ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga na ha, dịka iwu, ga-apụta mgbe e mesịrị. N'akụkụ a, mmadụ kwesịrị ịgbalịsi ike ịkwalite njikwa metabolic, karịchaa, site n'iji nlezianya nyochaa ọkwa nke glucose dị n'ọbara.

A na-ejikarị Protafan HM eme ihe n'ụzọ dị n'okpuru mpaghara apata ụkwụ. Ọ bụrụ na nke a dabara adaba, mgbe ahụ injections nwekwara ike ime na ogiri mgbịrịsị ihu, na mpaghara gluteal ma ọ bụ mpaghara mpaghara akwara dị mma nke ubu. Site na ntinye ọgwụ a na mpaghara apata, a na-ahụ ka amachibidoro nwayọ karịa iwebata mpaghara mpaghara mgbidi akụkụ ihu. Ọ bụrụ n ’ụzọ ọgwụ ka etinyere n’akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ gbatịrị agbatị, mgbe ahụ belata ihe ize ndụ nke nchịkwa intramuscular intramuscular nke ọgwụ ahụ na-ebelata.

Okwesiri igbanwe ebe ogwu ngbanyere na mpaghara anatomical iji gbochie mmepe nke lipodystrophy.

N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ekwesịrị iji ọgwụ insulin kwụsịtụrụ.

N'ihi mmerụ akụrụ ma ọ bụ imeju, a na-ebelata mkpa insulin na-ebelata.

Ntuziaka maka iji Protafan NM ka enyere onye ọrịa ahụ

Enwere ike iji Vials nwere Protafan NM naanị ya na sirinji insulin, nke etinyere ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke na-enye ohere ịlele dose ahụ na nkeji ọrụ. Ejiri ọgwụ ọjọọ Protafan NM mee ihe maka ojiji naanị otu onye. Tupu ịmalite iji karama ọhụrụ nke Protafan HM, a na-atụ aro ka ịhapụ ọgwụ ahụ ka ọ kpoo okpomoku ka ọkụ tupu ebido.

Tupu ị theụ ọgwụ Protafan NM ọ dị mkpa:

1. Lelee ngwugwu iji jide n'aka na ahọpụtara ụdị insulin dị mma.
2. Jiri akwa swim na-eji ahihia eji emebi roba.

Enweghị ike iji ọgwụ Protafan NM mee ihe ndị a:

1. Ejila ọgwụ ahụ na nfuli insulin.
2. Ọ dị mkpa ka ndị ọrịa kọwaa na ọ bụrụ na okpu ọhụrụ a ka natara n'ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ enweghị isi mkpuchi ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị anọdụ ala, a ga-alaghachi insulin ahụ n'ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ.
3. Ọ bụrụ na echeghị insulin n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ma ọ bụ kpụọ ya oyi.
4. Ọ bụrụ na mgbe ị na-agwakọta ọdịnaya nke vial ahụ dị ka ntuziaka maka ojiji a si arụ ọrụ, insulin anaghị acha ọcha na urukpuru.

Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ na-eji naanị otu ụdị insulin:

1. Ngwa ngwa tupu ịkpọ, kpọghee kalama gị n'ọbụ aka gị ruo mgbe insulin na-acha ọcha ma nwee urukpuru. A na-emeghachite mbugharị ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ nwere ọnụ ụlọ ahụ.
2. Dọrọ ikuku banye ntụtụ na ọnụego insulin chọrọ chọrọ.
3. Tinye ikuku n'ime oghere nke insulin: maka nke a, a na-eji paịpụ apịpịa apịaji ma jiri piston na-aka.
4. Tụgharịa karama sisa na ihu.
5. Tinye insulin chọrọ chọrọ n'ime sirinji.
6. Wepu agịga na vial ahụ.
7. Wepu ikuku si sirinji.
8. Lelee dose ziri ezi.
9. Gbanye ozugbo.

Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ịgwakọta Protafan NM na insulin na-eme obere ọrụ:

1. Were akwụkwọ Protafan NM (“urukpuru”) were karama gị mee nkwụ gị ruo mgbe insulin na-acha ọcha ma nwee urukpuru. A na-emeghachite mbugharị ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ nwere ọnụ ụlọ ahụ.
2. Nyefee ikuku n'ime sirinji na ọnụego kwekọrọ na dose nke Protafan NM (insulin “urukpuru”). Tinye ikuku n'ime vial insulin na urukpuru wee wepu agịga na vial ahụ.
3. Denye ikuku n'ime sirinji ya na ọnụego insulin na-eme ka obere nwa (“transperent”). Tinye ọgwụ a iji tinye ikuku n'ime karama. Tụgharịa karama sisa na ihu.
4. Kpoo ọgwụ achọrọ nke insulin na-eme ihe dị mkpirikpi (“doro anya”). Wepụ agịga ma wepụ ikuku si sirinji. Lelee dose ziri ezi.
5. Tinye Protafan HM (insulin "urukpuru") wee tinye agịga n'ime vial ahụ ma jiri sirinji na-agbanye ike.
6. Kpọọ usoro achọrọ nke Protafan NM. Wepu agịga na vial ahụ. Wepu ikuku si na sirinji ma lelee ma ogwu a ziri ezi.
7. Gbaa ngwakọta insulin dị mkpụmkpụ ma dị ogologo ị gbarala.

Gbaa mbọ dọọ ogologo oge na ogologo oge n'otu usoro dị ka akọwara n’elu.

Dụọ onye ọrịa ọdụ ka ịwazie insulin n'otu usoro ahụ a kọwara n’elu.

1. Site na iji mkpịsị aka abụọ were mkpokọta akpụkpọ anụ, tinye agịga ahụ n’isi isi otu n’akpụ isi ruo ihe dị ka ogo iri anọ na ise wee banye insulin n’ahụ.
2. Mgbe ịgba ntụtụ ahụ, agịga kwesịrị ịdị n’okpuru anụ ahụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala 6 sekọnd, iji hụ na etinye insulin ahụ kpamkpam.

Mmetụta akụkụ

Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ na-achọpụta na ndị ọrịa e mesoro Protafan NM bụ nke nwere ike ịdabere na ya karịa nke ukwuu ma ọ bụ n'ihi ọgwụ ọgwụ insulin. Dịka ọ dị na usoro insulin ndị ọzọ, mmetụta kachasị na-emetụta bụ hypoglycemia. Ọ na - etolite ọnọdụ ebe ogo insulin na-akari mkpa ọ dị. N'oge ọnwụnwa nke ụlọ ọgwụ, yana n'oge iji ọgwụ ahụ mgbe a tọhapụsịrị ya na ahịa ndị ahịa, a chọpụtara na ugboro ole hypoglycemia dị iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ndị ọrịa na mgbe ị na-eji usoro usoro onunu ogwu dịgasị iche, yabụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume igosipụta ọnụego ugboro ole.

Na nnukwu hypoglycemia, mwepu nke mmụọ na / ma ọ bụ na-ama jijiji nwere ike ime, enwere nkwarụ nwa oge ma ọ bụ nke na-adịgide adịgide nke ọrụ ụbụrụ na ọ nwere ike ịnwụ. Ọnwụnwa nyochara ụlọ ọgwụ egosila na ọrịa hypoglycemia n'ozuzu adịghị iche n'etiti ndị ọrịa na-anata insulin mmadụ na ndị ọrịa na-anata insulin.

Ihe ndị a bụ ụkpụrụ nke ugboro ole nke mmeghachi omume ọjọọ amatagoro n'oge ọnwụnwa nke ụlọ ọgwụ, nke, n'ozuzu echiche, ka elere anya na ejikọtara ya na iji ọgwụ ọjọọ Protafan NM. E kpebiri ugboro ole a dị ka nke a: ugboro ugboro (> 1/1000,

Njirimara

Insulin Protafan dị n'ụdị nkwusioru ezubere maka nchịkwa okpuru ala. Ihe kachasị dị mkpa nke ọgwụ ahụ bụ insulin Isofan, bụ analog nke homonụ mmadụ mepụtara na inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. 1 ml nke ọgwụ ahụ nwere 3.5 mg nke isophan na ihe ndị ọzọ: zinc, glycerin, sulfate protinine, phenol na mmiri maka injection.

Ogwu ahu di na karama iri nke milimita 10, eji okpu akpukpo aru kpuchie ya ma were ya kpuchie ya. Maka udo nke ntinye, a na-eji mkpịsị kịkrị kọọ kọọ. Kọọkwọọdụ ọ bụla nwere bọọlụ iko nwere ike ịgwakọta nkwusioru ahụ.

Karama insulin ahụ nwere 1,000 IU nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ, pen sirinji - 300 IU. N'oge nchekwa, nkwusioru ahụ nwere ike ịkọwa ma kpachara anya, yabụ, tupu nchịkwa, a ga-ama ama onye na-ahụ maka ihe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ ga-adị ire.

Ebumnuche nke protafan insulin bụ iweda ọkwa glucose ọbara. A na-enweta nsonaazụ ahụ site na ịba ụba njem glucose n'ime sel, na-akpali glycogenogenesis na lipogenesis, na-eme ka mmịkọta na nnabata nke glucose site na anụ ahụ, yana ịbawanye uru protein.

Ọgwụ a sitere na insulins ndị na-ajụ ihe, yabụ nsonaazụ nke homonụ etinyere mgbe nkeji 60-90 gachara. A na-ahụta ihe kachasi ike n'ihe ahụ n'agbata awa anọ na iri na abụọ mgbe nchịkwa gachara. Ogologo oge nke ihe a dabere na oke ọgwụ. Na nkezi, oge a bụ elekere 11-24.

Chekwaa n ’etiti shelf nke friji na ntụtụ okpomọkụ nke +2… +8 ° С. Ọ ga-ajụ oyi. Emepechara katriiki, enwere ike ịchekwa ya n ’ụlọ okpomọkụ maka izu isii.

Ihe na-egosi na usoro onunu ogwu

Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-enye insulin Protafan ọgwụ maka ụdị shuga 1. Ejighị ya mee ọtụtụ ihe, ọ bụ ndị oria afọ abụọ na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime nke ahụ ha na-eguzogide ọgwụ ọgwụ hypoglycemic. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-egosipụta ịwa ahụ maka ojiji. Enwere ike ịkọ homonụ ahụ n’onweghị onwe ya yana yana insulins ndị ọzọ.

A na-enye ọgwụ ahụ 1-2 ugboro n'ụbọchị, tumadi n'ụtụtụ 30 nkeji tupu nri. Iji gbochie nsonaazụ ndị ọzọ, a ga-agbanwe saịtị nsị mgbe niile. A na-ahọrọ dose maka onye ọrịa ọ bụla n'otu n'otu ma dabere na njirimara usoro nke ọrịa ahụ. Usoro akwadoro bụ site na 8 ruo 24 IU.

N'ọnọdụ metụtara insulin, a ga-agbazi usoro a ga-esi mee ya. Ọ bụrụ n ’ọnọdụ uche dị ala, ọnụọgụ ọgwụ nwere ike ịbawanye na 24 IU ma ọ bụ karịa. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa mamịrị na-enweta ihe karịrị 100 IU nke Protafan kwa ụbọchị, nchịkwa nke homonụ ahụ kwesịrị ịnọ n'okpuru nlekọta ahụike mgbe niile.

Iwu ntinye

Emere insulin Protafan maka nchịkwa okpuru ala. Anabataghị insis nke irighiri irighiri na nke na-abanye n’ime ya. Ejiri ọgwụ ahụ maka mgbapụta insulin. Mgbe ị na-azụ homonụ na ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, hụ na ị lelee nchekwa nke okpu nchebe. Ọ bụrụ na ọ tọghepụrụ ma ọ bụ na ọ dịghị ma ọlị, a gaghị atụ aro ịzụta ọgwụ dị otú ahụ.

Ejila insulin injection nke akpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, echekwara n'okpuru ọnọdụ adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ nwee agba ọcha na urukpuru mgbe agwakọchara. Ihe mejupụtara ahụ ga-abanye akpụkpọ ahụ site n'enyemaka nke sirinji insulin ma ọ bụ mkpịsị sirinji. Ọ bụrụ na enyere ọgwụ a ụzọ nke abụọ, gbasoo iwu a kọwara n'okpuru.

• Ijide n'aka ilele akara na iguzosi ike n'ihe nke pen.
• Jiri insulin n'ụlọ ime ụlọ maka ntụtụ.
• Tupu iwebata nkwusio ahụ, wepu okpu ma jikọta ya nke ọma ruo mgbe ire ụtọ.
• Gbaa mbọ hụ na homonụ dị n’ime pen zuru ezu maka usoro a. Nke kacha nta kwere omume bụ 12 IU. Ọ bụrụ na insulin erughị ala, jiri kateeti ọhụrụ.
• Ejikwa agịga were mkpụrụ osisi sirinji. Nke a bụ nke enwere ike ịmịpụta insulin.

Mgbe ị na-eji mkpịsị akwụkwọ eme ihe na nke mbụ, ọ dị mkpa ijide n'aka na ikuku adịghị na agịga ahụ. Iji mee nke a, pịa n'ime 2 UNITS nke ihe site na ịtụgharị nhọpụta. Kwupụta agịga ahụ ma pịa ite ahụ. Mkpo ikuku kwesịrị ịrị elu. Pịa bọtịnụ mmalite. Gbaa mbọ hụ na onye na-ahọpụtara alaghachila n'ọnọdụ “0”. Ọ bụrụ na dobe insulin apụta na njedebe nke agịga, mkpịsị akwụkwọ ahụ dị njikere maka ọrụ. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị dobe, gbanwee agịga ma megharịa usoro ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na mgbe agịga isii na-agbanwe agịga otu ntinye nke egosighi, jụ iji mkpụrụ sirinji: ọ dị njọ.

Mkpụrụ edemede sirinji nke ọ bụla nwere ntuziaka zuru ezu maka ojiji. Na nkenke, enwere ike ịkọwa usoro a dị ka ndị a. Kpoo insulin chọrọ. Iji mee nke a, tụgharịa onye na-ahọpụta ya n'ihe ọgbụgba chọrọ. Kpachara anya ka ịpị bọtịnụ mbido, ma ọ bụghị ya, ihe niile ga-agbawa. Kwadebe akpụkpọ anụ ma tinye agịga ahụ n'ime isi ya na akụkụ 45 Celsius. Pịa bọtịnụ ma chere maka ntụtụ insulin. Mgbe onye ahọputara nọ na “0”, jide agịga n'okpuru anụ ahụ gị wee sekọnd isii ọzọ. Wepu agịga mgbe ị na-ejide bọtịnụ mmalite. Tinye isi ya ma wepụ ya na sirinye.

Ngwurugwu mgbochi na nsonaazụ ya

Insulin Protafan enweghi ihe mgbochi. Ewezụga bụ uche mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe enyemaka ndị ọzọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ị complyaghị ọgwụ a gwara ahịrị nwere ike ịkpata hypoglycemia. Ihe ịrịba ama nke mbelata ọbara shuga bụ akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, isi ọwụwa, nchekasị, ahụ erughị ala, ọgụ agụụ, ịsụsọ, ịma jijiji aka, obi.

Ọnọdụ siri ike nke hypoglycemia na-esonyere na ụbụrụ arụ ọrụ, mmepe nke disorientation na ọgba aghara. Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a niile nwere ike ibute nsogbu.

Iji wepu glycemia dị nro, onye ọrịa mamịrị chọrọ naanị iri ihe dị ụtọ (swiiti, ngaji mmanụ a )ụ) ma ọ bụ drinkụọ ihe ọ containingụ containingụ nwere shuga (tii, ihe ọ juiceụ )ụ). Na ngosipụta ndị siri ike nke glycemia, ekwesịrị ịkpọ ambulance ozugbo aga enye onye ọrịa ọgwụgwọ glucose ma ọ bụ glucagon intramuscular.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, nnabata insulin na-ebute mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ụdị ahụ ọkụ, itching, urticaria ma ọ bụ dermatitis.N'ime ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa, na mbido ọgwụgwọ nke ọgwụ ahụ, amapụtara njehie na -emeghari azụ na mmepe nke retinopathy, ọzịza, na mmebi nke eriri akwara. Mgbe a mecharala mgbaama ndị a.

Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ ya na-adịgide ogologo oge, dọkịta nwere ike dochie Protafan na analogues ya. Iji maa atụ, Insulin Bazal, Humulin, Actrafan NM na Protafan NM Penfill.

Mmekọrịta na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ

Drugsfọdụ ọgwụ nwere ike belata ma ọ bụ bulie arụmọrụ nke protafan insulin. N'ime ọgwụ ndị na-eme ka mmetụta nke ọgwụ ahụ dịkwuo mma, a ga-arịba ihe mgbochi monoamine oxidase, dị ka Pyrazidol, Moclobemide na Silegilin, na ọgwụ antihypertensive: Enap, Kapoten, Lisinopril, Ramipril. A pụkwara ịmalite hypoglycemia site na ọgwụ ọjọọ dịka bromocriptine, steroid anabolic, colfibrate, ketoconazole na vitamin B.₆.

Glucocorticosteroids, homonụ thyroid, mgbochi afọ, ọgwụ mgbochi tricyclic antidepressants, thiazide diuretics na ọgwụ homonụ ndị ọzọ na-ebelata mmetụta nke Protafan. Mgbe a na-ahọpụta Heparin, ndị na-egbochi calcium Channel, Danazole na Clonidine, enwere ike ịchọrọ ịhazigharị homonụ ahụ. Enwere ike ịchọta ozi zuru ezu banyere njikọta nke ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na ntuziaka ahụ.

Insulin Protafan bụ ụzọ dị mma iji belata shuga ọbara ma melite ahụike dum. Ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa mamịrị achọpụtala na arụmọrụ ya yana opekata mpe nke mmeghachi omume ojoo. Agbanyeghị, iji mee ka homonụ ahụ nwee mmetụta dị mma n'ahụ ahụ ma ghara ibute nsogbu, ọ dị mkpa iji usoro ọgwụgwọ ahọpụtara nke ọma. Ya mere, emela ọgwụ nke onwe gị ma jide n'aka na ịhazi ọkachamara iji ọgwụ ahụ.