Mmepụta Injin Injinia Nwere Ọkwa

Insulin - homonụ a na-eme ka ọ dị mma nke na - ahazi | carbohydrate metabolism ma nọgide na-enwekarị ọkwa cazdpan’ime ọbara. Enweghi homonụ a n’arụ na - eduga.) N’otu n’ime ọrịa ndị kachasị njọ - ọrịa shuga, nke, dịka ihe kpatara ọnwụ, nọ n’ọnọdụ atọ mgbe ọrịa obi na ọrịa kansa gasịrị. Insulin bụ obere globule | protein nke nwere nsị amino acid 51 na ihe jikọtara polypeptide abụọ na njikọ jikọtara ọnụ. A na-etinyere ya n'ụdị nke eriri otu ebu, preproinsulin, nwere koi peptide nrịba nke etiti (nsị 23 amino acid) na njikọ 35 njikọ peptide (C-peptide). Mgbe ewepụrụ peptide mgbama ahụ, a na-ekepụta proinsulin site na nsị amino acid 86 n'ime sel, ebe njikọ A na B na - ejikọ insulin.C-neia tweed, nke na-enye ha nghazi dị mkpa na $ 3 na njikọta mbibi. Mgbe nchekwa nke C peptide chụpụrụ, etolite insulin.

A maara ụdị shuga dị iche iche. Formdị kachasị sie ike, maka ọgwụgwọ nke onye ọrịa chọrọ insulin (ụdị ọrịa a na-adabere na insulin) na-akpata ọnwụ nhọrọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-etinye njikọ a. Formdị ọrịa shuga mellitus, maka ọgwụgwọ nke achọghị insulin, ka a na-ahụkarị, enwere ike ijikwa ya site na enyemaka nke nri kwesịrị ekwesị ma re:> ma. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, a naghị eji anụ ehi na ehi eme anụ na ụlọ ọrụ canning ma debe ya n'ụgbọ a na-ajụ oyi nke ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ ebe a na-ebu mmịpụta homonụ. Iji nweta 100 g cr! Insulin Thallic chọrọ ihe oriri 800-1000 n'arọ

Nrụkọta nke agbụ abụọ ahụ na njikọ nke agbụ ha na-enweghị isi iji wee nweta insulin bụ nke emere na 1963 na 1965. ndi otu nyocha ato na USA, China na Germany. Na 1980, ụlọ ọrụ ndị Danish Novo Industri mepụtara usoro maka iji gbanwee insulin ezin na insulin nke mmadụ site n'iji ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngbanwe nke iri atọ nke alanine na B. Ma insulin ahụghị iche na ọrụ yana oge ọrụ.

A malitere ọrụ n’ọrụ inyocha insulin n’ime mkpụrụ ndụ ihe dị ka afọ iri abụọ gara aga. N'afọ 1978, ozi pụtara banyere mmepụta nke ụdị ọgwụ Escherichia coli na-emepụta proinsulin oke (USA). N'afọ ahụ, mkpụrụ ndụ insulin na-agbanwe n'ime ya site na ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mejupụtara ya na mkpụrụ ndụ.E.coli(Fig 5.11). Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe niile emepụtarala na-esonye na 3'-njedebe nke mkpụrụ ndụ enzyme (3-galactosidase ma webata ya na plasmid vector)(pBR322).Mkpụrụ ndụE.colinke gbanwere plasmids ndị dị otú ahụ, protein ngwakọ (chimeric) mepụtara nke nwere iberibe p-galactosidase na A ma ọ bụ peptide insulin na-ejikọ ya na nsị methionine. Mgbe ị na-eji cyanogen bromide ejiri protein protein chimeric, a na-ahapụ peptide. Kaosinadị, mmechi ihe njikọ dị n’agbata agbụ insulin guzobere siri ike.

N’afọ 1981, otu pro-insulin analogue, mini-C-pro-insulin, bụ nke ejikọtara ya na ngalaba nke amino acid nọchiri mkpụrụ nke 35-C-peptide, arg-arg-gly-ser-lys-arg na ngosipụta yaE.coli.

N'afọ 1980, W. Gilbert na ndị ọrụ ibe ya kewapụrụ insulin mRNA site na akpụ p-cell pensụl ma nweta cDNA site na iji ntụgharị transcriptase. E tinyere cDNA nke a rụpụtara na plasmid ahụpBR322E.colin'etiti akụkụ mkpụrụ ndụ penicillinase. Ihe plasmid nke ihe omumu ahụ nwere ihe omuma banyere proinsulin.N'ihi nsụgharị mRNA, a na-agwakọta protein nwere ngwakọ n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nwere penicillinase na proinsulin, nke a na-egwu na trypsin site na ụdị protein a.

Na 1978, ndị ọrụ nke Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry n'okpuru nlekọta Acad. A. Ovchinnikov, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa abụọ na-etinye maka njikọ nke neuropeptides:leucine- enkephalin na bradykinin.Ngwakọta leucine enkephalin gene nwere njedebe abụọ “nnyapade”:

A na-etinye mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mejupụtara ya na iberibe DNA sitere n'okike nke nwere nkwado na proximal akụkụ gene coli P-galactosidase.E.colirue plasmid

Inweta insulin, ụzọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, Biotechnology - Usoro mmụta

1. Ihe owuwu na oru nke insulin 5

1.1. Ọdịdị nke irighiri insulin 5

1,2. Ihe ndu mmadu n’aru insulin 7

1.3. Insulin Biosynthesis 8

2. Nlekọta mkpụrụ ndụ insulin na-arụ ọrụ 10

2,1. Ojiji nke usoro inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe maka njikọta ọgwụ 10

2,2. Zọ Injinị Mkpụrụ Ọrịa 11

2,3. Mmepụta insulin injinịa mepụtara

Wepụta ederede

Ọzọkwa, ihe abụọ a nwere ike ịdị n'otu oge na nhazi nke protein ngwakọ. Na mgbakwunye, mgbe ị na -emepụta protein ngwakọ, enwere ike iji usoro nke multidimensionality - ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ polypeptide lekwasịrị anya na protein ngwakọ, nke nwere ike ịbawanye uru nke ngwaahịa lekwasịrị anya.

Na UK, a na-ejikọ insulin abụọ nke insulin site na iji E. coli, na-ejikọ na molekul nke hormone na-arụ ọrụ. Iji mee ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe na - ekwekọghị mkpụrụ ndụ na - eme ka insulin na - agwakọta n'ahụ ya, ọ dị mkpa ịnye ya mmemme dị mkpa, ya bụ, iwepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọmụmụ ahụ.

Enwetara insulin na-agbanwe agbanwe na Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences site na iji usoro ọmụmụ nke usoro ọmụmụ nke C. coli. Ihe na-egosiputa protein a na-eji egosiputa ngwuu ahu sitere biomass toro, nke egosiri na otutu

40. mkpokọta protein cellular nwere preproinsulin.

Ntughari ya na insulin na vitro ka ana eme ya na otu usoro dị na vivo - polypeptide na-eduga na-ehichapụ, preproinsulin na-agbanwe ka insulin site na usoro nke oxidative sulfitolysis, sochiri mmechi mmebi nke agbụ atọ disclaide na enzymatic nkewa na njikọ C-peptide. Mgbe usoro mgbanwe nke ion, gel na HPLC chromatographic dị ọcha, a na-enweta insulin mmadụ nke ịdị ọcha dị elu na ọrụ okike.

Iji nweta insulin, a na-eji eriri nwere usoro nucleotide etinyere na plasmid na-egosipụta protein ngwakọ nwere proinsulin linear na iberibe protein staphylococcus aureus A jikọtara ya na N-terminus site na nsị methionine 8, 9, 10.

Mmekọ nke biomass sel nke anụ ahụ nke ndọghachi azụ na-enye mmalite nke mmepụta protein, ekewapụta na mgbanwe nke usoro nke tube na-eduga na insulin.

Wayzọ ọzọ dịkwa mfe: inweta n’usoro nje bacteria nke ngosipụta nke protinulin na ọdụ nke polyinsistine nke dị n’ime ya site na methionine. A ga-ekewapụ ya site na iji cherom chromatography na kọlụm na Ni-agarose na bromine cleavage.

Protein dịpụrụ adịpụ bụ S-sulfonated. Ntughari ihe omimi nke ihe omimi nke proinsulin mezuru site na otite mgbanwe chromatography na resinionion anion na resination mmiri nke chromatography di elu na egosiputa nnabata nke ano bu nke ano na ano proinsulin.

N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya iji mee ka usoro a na-emepụta insulin mmiri na-arụ ọrụ site na injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.Yabụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịnwere ike nweta protein nke nwere proinsulin kegidere na N-terminus site na nsị nke lysine nke pelele interleukin.

2. E gosipụtara protein ahụ n'ụzọ dị irè ma gbasa ya n'ime anụ ahụ gụnyere. Onwepụ iche, protein nke na - emepụta insulin na C-peptide na - ekpocha mkpụrụ na trypsin 5, 8, 10.

RP-HPLC na-arụpụta insulin na C-peptide. Ihe dị oke mkpa mgbe ị na-eke ihe ndị gbara agba bụ ihe dị iche iche na protein protein na-ebupụta na polypeptide ezubere iche.

C-peptides na-eji oghere amino acid na-ebu saịtị mmachi Sfi I na nsị arginine abụọ na mbido na njedebe nke oghere maka ntinye protein na-esochi ya na trypsin, ejikọtara dịka ụkpụrụ isi-ọdụ si dị.

HPLC nke ngwaahịa mepere emepe na-egosi na njikọ nke C-peptide na-adị ukwuu, nke a na-enyekwa ohere iji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa multimeric iji mepụta polypeptides ndị nwere atụmatụ.

Mmechi

Radical, na n’ọtụtụ oge, otu ụzọ ọ ga - esi mee ka ndụ na arụ ọrụ nke ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus bụ ka ụbọchị, insulin.

Tupu ịnata ma webata insulin n'ime omume ụlọ ọgwụ, a na-atụ anya nsonaazụ na-egbu egbu maka otu afọ ma ọ bụ abụọ site na mmalite nke ụdị ndị ọrịa shuga dị iche iche, n'agbanyeghị iji ụdị nri kachasị na-emebi emebi.

Patientsdị ndị ọrịa shuga Idị nke m chọrọ ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ insulin iji dochie anya ndụ ya niile. Thekwụsị ọrụ insulin n'oge ọ bụla n'ihi otu ihe ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-eduga n'ọsọ nke nsogbu na ngwa ngwa ọnwụ nke onye ọrịa.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọrịa shuga juru ebe niile ebe ọrịa nke usoro akwara obi na etuto ahụ na-adịghị mma. Dị ka thelọ Ahụ Ike Worldwa si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa shuga dị n'etiti ndị okenye, dị ka ọtụtụ mpaghara ụwa dị 2-5% ma na-achọ ịbawanye ọ bụla

Afọ 1. ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa fọrọ nke nta okpukpu abụọ. Onu ogugu ndi mmadu na-acho insulin, n’agbanyeghi oganihu doro anya na oru ahuike, na-abawanye kwa afo, na ugbua na Russia nani ihe ruru nde mmadu abuo.

Promzọ kachasị mma maka imepụta insulin bụ usoro inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ. A na - enweta insulin nke nwere ihe mepụtara site na ichepụta ụdọ A na B site na iji ụdị ndị na - emepụta ihe dị iche iche na ịghakọta ọzọ, na - esochi iche na - ekewapụ ya, yana njikọ nke proinsulin na mkpụrụ ndụ E. Coli na ntinye ya na trypsin na carboxypeptidase na imepụta insulin ala.

Mmepe nke usoro insulin nke mmadụ mepụtara na - emepe ohere ndị ọhụrụ maka idozi ọtụtụ nsogbu nke ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya nke Russia iji chekwaa ndụ nke nde mmadụ ndị nwere ọrịa shuga.

Akwukwo

Balabolkin M.I., Klebanova E.M., Kreminskaya V.M. Ọrịa shuga mellitus: akụkụ ọhụụ nke nchọpụta na ọgwụgwọ / Dọkịta, ed. G.L. Vyshkovsky.-2005.- M.: RLS-2005, 2004.- 960 p.

Gavrikov, A.V. Mmepe nke mmepụta ihe banyere ahịhịa nke ihe ndị dị n’ime mmadụ na - ejikọ ya: dis. ... kandụl. biol. Sciences - M, 2003

Insulin rụpụtara ọrụ mmadụ. Asingbawanye arụmọrụ nke nkewa chromatographic site na iji ụkpụrụ nke bifunctionality. / Romanchikov A.B., Yakimov S.A., Klyushnichenko V.E., Arutunyan A.M., Wulfson A.N. // Bioorganic Chemistry, 1997 - 23, Nke 2

Glick B., Pasternak J. Njikwa nke usoro eji eme ihe bio // // B. Glick, J. Parsnip / Molecular Biotechnology = Molecular Biotechnology. - M.: Mir, 2002 .-- S. 517-532. - 589 p.

Glick B., Pasternak J. Molecular Biotechnology. Cipleskpụrụ na ngwa. M: M, 2002.

Davis R., Botstein D, Roth J. ofzọ nke injinị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Ihe okike nke nje bacteria // R. Davis, D. Botstein, J. Roth / Per. si Bekee. - M.: - 1984 - 176 p.

Ermishin A.P.Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa: - thsgha na Eziokwu / A.P. Ermishin // Mn.: Tehnalogaliya.- 2004. - 118 p.

Ego ndi ndu ogwu ogwu: Akwukwo ederede / TP Prischep, V.S. Chuchalin, K.L. Zaykov, L.K. Mikhaleva. - Rostov-on-Don.: Phoenix, Tomsk: NTL Publishing House, 2006.

Patrushev L.I. Usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. // L.I. Patrushev / M.: Nauka.- 2004.

Romanchikov, A.B. Insulin rụpụtara ọrụ mmadụ. Asingbawanye arụmọrụ nke nkewa chromatographic site na iji ụkpụrụ nke bifunctionality. / A.B. Romanchikov na ndị ọzọ.

// Chemistry Bioorganic. 1997. Nke 2. p. 23

Ntinye aka n ’usoro ihe ọmụmụ Jenụwarụ // V.N. Rybchin / 2nd ed., Revised. ma tinye.: Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ maka mahadum. SPb.: Publọ obibi akwụkwọ nke SPbSTU. - 2002 .-- 522 s.

Schelkunov S. N. Injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ // Schelkunov S. N. / Novosibirsk: Sib. univ. Mbipụta .lọ. 2008.

Schelkunov, S.N. Injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa: akwụkwọ ọgụgụ. nkwere. - Nke abụọ, ed., Rev. ma tinye. - Novosibirsk: Sib. univ. Mbipụta ,lọ, 2004 .-- 496 p.

1. Ọnọdụ nke njikọta ikuku n'ime insulin molecule.

2. Nhazi nke nkpuru amino acid n’ime mosis insulin

Nsonaazụ insulin na enzymes metabolic dị mkpa

Ọkpụkpụ olu na-eme ka arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ 1. Phosphodiesterase 1. Phosphodiesterase 1. LP-lipase

4. Pyruvate dehydrogenase siri ike

4. Pyruvate dehydrogenase siri ike

5. Phosphatase glycogen synthase na glycogen phosphorylase

5. Glycogen synthase phosphatase b. Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase Induction 1. Glucokinase 1. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase

6. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Ada Ada Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Fig. 3 Usoro insulin biosynthesis n'ime sel-sel nke agwaetiti Langerhans. ER - endoplasmic reticulum. 1 - nguzobe nke peptide akara, 2 - njikọ nke preproinsulin, 3 - ntinye nke peptide mgbama, 4 - ebugharị nke proinsulin na ngwa Golgi, 5 - ntụgharị nke proinsulin n'ime insulin na C-peptide na ntinye insulin na C-peptide n'ime mkpụrụ osisi nzuzo, 6 - insulin insulin. na C peptide.

4. Usoro izugbe maka njikọ nke insulin site na ndị bu ya ụzọ

Fig. 5 Ihe jikọrọ insulin site na njikọta agbụ abụọ dị iche iche

Obzọ isi nweta insulin nke sitere na mmadụ

Ihe omumu a metụtara omuma ihe banyere ihe banyere ndu, tumadi na imeputa insulin nke ihe eji eme nkpuru mmadu maka imeputa ogwu eji eme ya na ọgwụgwọ nke oria mellitus.

A na-eme usoro a site na ịkwalite ụdị onye nwere protein na ngwakọ nwere proinsulin mmadụ, Escherichia coli BL21 / pPINS07 (BL07) ma ọ bụ Escherichia coli JM109 / pPINS07, na-akpaghasị mkpụrụ ndụ site na ndakpọ, na-ekewa ahụ na mkpokọta nwere protein ngwakọ.

Ọzọ, ịsa ahụ nke ntinye ahụ, mkpochasị nke protein na oge nke mweghachi nke disclaide na ntinye ya na 5-10 mM dithiothreitol na 1 mM EDTA, rụrụ, na nsacha nke protein na-agbazigharị mkpụrụ ndụ site na kion mgbanwe chromatography.

Nchịkọta nke protein ngwakọ na-ebu site na nkwonkwo hydrolysis nke trypsin na carboxypeptidase B na ịdị arọ nke protein ngwakọ, trypsin na carboxypeptidase B 4000: 0.6: 0.9.

Ọkpụkpọ mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha site na mmiri ọgwụ hydromhohorom ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke mmiri chromatography nke ọma na-esote mmịpụta gel, yana mwepụ nke insulin site na ikpo oku n'ihu ọnya nke nnu. Ihe e mepụtara na-enye aka belata usoro inweta insulin nke sitere n’aka ụmụ mmadụ ma mụbaa ihe ọ rụpụtara.

Ihe omumu a metụtara omuma ihe banyere ihe banyere ndu, tumadi na imeputa insulin nke ihe omumu nke mmadu maka imeputa ogwu eji eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ nke oria mellitus.

N'iburu n'uche mmezu ndị dị mkpa nke ọrịa ịrịa ọrịa diabetology na ntinye nke Healthtù Ahụ Ike Worldwa, mba Europe ruo 2001 dechara ntughari na ojiji nke insulin. N'akụkụ a, mmepe nke ụzọ maka imepụta insulin site na iji ụzọ nke teknụzụ na-emeghachite DNA bụ ọrụ dị ngwa.

Knownzọ amara ama maka imepụta insulin nke mmadụ sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mepụtara, nke mejupụtara n'ịzụ ụdị nrụpụta E. Coli na-emepụta proinsulin, nwere usoro IgG na-ejikọ ọnụ nke protein staphylococcal A.

Consistszọ ahụ mejupụtara mkpụrụ ndụ nje, ịnweta nsonye Taurus nke nwere proinsulin, na-agbasa ihe a na Taurus, oxidative sulfitolysis nke proinsulin, aha ya, nhicha nke protein azụta site na chromatography china, kpochapụ Proinsulin na enzymes proteolytic (trypsin na carbonxypeptidase Bọọlụ dị elu na-egosipụta ịdị ọcha dị elu na-egosipụta ịdị ọcha dị elu na-eji mmụkọ dị elu na -echa nke kacha dị elu na-egosipụta ịdị ọcha ikpeazụ) chromatography (Nilson J., Jonasson P., Samuelsson E., Stahl S., Uhlen M. "Ihe omimi mejuputara insulin mmadu na nke C-peptide", Journal of biotechnology, 1996, v. 48, p. 241-250) .

Uzo ojoo ihe di otu a bu ego di elu nke ihe eji eme ya na ihe eji emeputa insulin, nke nwere ike idi ugbua na ihe eji eme ya.

Knownzọ amara ama nke imepụta insulin nke mmadụ si na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mejupụtara ya, nke mejupụtara mkpụrụ ndụ dị iche iche nke nje onye nrụpụta E.

Coli DN5 a / pVK100, mebie mkpụrụ ndụ nke nje site na nbibi nke ultrasonic, akụkụ nsonye dị iche iche nwere protein ngwakọ site na mmerụ mmiri site na centrifugation, na-agbaze nsị anụ ahụ na ntinye akwụkwọ nwere 8 M urea, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, maka awa 12-16.

A na-ewepụ centurugation adịghị emetụta abaghị uru site na nke a, mgbe nke ịba ụba nke dithiothreitol na-abawanye 10 mM ma na-eweghachi agbụ disclaide na 37 Celsius C maka 1 awa. Ejiri mmiri oyi ghee ihe osisa 5 ugboro, gbanwee na pH 4.5 ma tinye ya awa 2 na 4 Celsius C iji mepụta usoro.

Mgbakwunye nwere protein ngwakọ ahụ bụ site na centrifugation ma nyegharịa ya, etisasịwo ya na mmiri oyi na pH nke 10-12, emesia jiri mmanu glycine 10 mM, pH 10.8, ma debe ya na 4 Celsius C n'abali. Mgbe enwesịrị ultrafiltration, etinyere ihe nzacha gel ahụ na kọlụm Sephadex G-50 wee gbue ya na glycine 10 mM.

A na-anakọta ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere protein na-agbaze, na-egbu egbu, na-akpọnwụ akpọnwụ. Ngwakọta ngwongwo a na-ebute na-agbari na 0.08 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, na mkpokọta 10 mg / ml ma kpochapụ n'otu oge na trypsin na carboxypeptidase B (ruru nke carbonxypeptidase B: trypsin: protein fusion 0.3: 1: 10) na 37 Celsius C maka nkeji 30.

Wee tinye isopropanol na 40%. A gwakọtara ngwakọta ahụ na kọlụm DEAE-Sephadex A-25 wee gbakọọ ya na 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5 na 40% isopropanol nwere ọkwa gradient nke sodium chloride site na 0 ruo 0.1 m. Mgbe mwepụ nkeproproideol gachara, ndọta sodium chloride. mụbaa na 25%, gbanye pH ka ọ bụrụ 2.0 wee nata insulin ebuju.

(Chen J.-Q., Zhang H.-T., Hu M.-N., Tang J.-G., “Mmepụta insulin mmadụ na sistemụ E. Coli nwere proinsulin na-mmadụ-mmadụ. ntụpọ "etinyere biochemistry na Biotechnology, 1995, v. 55, p. 5-15).

Ihe ọghọm nke usoro a gụnyere ojiji nke ịkpụcha gel n'ụdị nke mbụ, nke chọrọ sorbent dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ enzymes eji na ikpocha protein protein.

Knownzọ mara amara maka imepụta insulin nke mmadụ sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ, nke gụnyere ịkpa ụdị nje Escherichia coli JM109 / pPINS07, na-ebibi mkpụrụ ndụ nke nje site na nkewa, kewapụ akụkụ ndị nwere protein ngwakọ, na-agbasa ha na nkwakọ ngwaahịa nwere urea na dithiothreitol, renaturation na ọcha nke protein hyat. ịdị ọcha nke ogige adịghị ọcha na 40% isopropanol sochiri chromatography na KM-sepharose, usoro nkwado ya na trypsin na carboxypeptidase B, ebe ngwaahịa ndị a trypsinolysis bụ chromatographed na SP-Sepharose, atụnyere na 0.03-0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.0-6.0 nwere 6 M urea, na protein protein na gradient gradient nke sodium chloride si 0 ruo 0,5 M na mbido mejupụtara, na obere insulin enwetara mgbe agbachasịchara ya na carbonxypeptidase B ka e mere ka ọ dị ọcha site na ntụgharị ọrụ arụmọrụ chromatography (RP HPLC) na-esote filtration gel (Pat. RF Nke 2141531, MKI C12P 21/02, publ). 1999)

Ihe ọghọm nke usoro ahụ gụnyere iji oke urea na ihe mgbaze Organic na ọkwa nke ọcha protein.

Ọkachamara ọrịa mamịrị

Tupu ojiji insulin, ịdị ogologo ndụ nke onye ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus adịghị ihe karịrị afọ 10. Ihe mepụtara ọgwụ a zọpụtara ọtụtụ nde ndị ọrịa. Insulin nke inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mmadụ bụ ọganihu kachasị ọhụrụ na sayensị.

Nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ afọ nke ịrụsi ọrụ ike

Tupu e mepụta nkwalite mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (njikọ maka) mkpụrụ ndụ, apụrụ iche insulin na ọrịa ehi na ezì.

Ihe dị iche na insulin porulin na mmadụ bụ naanị otu amino acid

Ọdịmma ọghọm nke usoro a iji nweta ọgwụ:

• na ebe nchekwa na ihe eji ebu ihe nke ndu,
• ụkọ anụ ụlọ
• ihe isi ike na nnabata
• ihe egwu di elu nke mmeghachi omume nfụkasị.

Site na nchịkọta nke insulin nke eke mmadụ na bioreactor na 1982, oge ọhụụ nke ihe ọmụmụ banyere ndụ. Ọ bụrụ na mmalite nke ọgwụ insulin, ebumnuche ndị sayensị bụ naanị nlanarị nke onye ọrịa, n'oge anyị mmepe nke ọgwụ ọhụụ achọrọ iji nweta ụgwọ na-adịgide adịgide maka ọrịa ahụ. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke nyocha sayensị bụ iji mee ka ndụ onye ọrịa shuga na-arịa ọrịa.

Teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ

Ofdị ọgwụ, dabere na usoro nkwadebe:

Kedu ihe na-eme ahụ mgbe nchịkwa ọgwụ gasịrị?

Na-ejikọ onye na-anabata ụdọ ahụ, insulin na-etolite mgbagwoju anya nke na-emetụta usoro ndị a:

1. Ọ na - eme ka ụgbọ mmiri glucose intracellular kwalite ma mee ka mmịcha ya dị mfe.
2. Na-akwalite mwepụta nke enzymes na-etinye aka na nhazi glucose.
3. Ọ na-ebelata ọnụego nke glycogen na imeju.
4. Na-akpali abụba na protein metabolism.

N'ihe banyere nchịkwa subcutaneous, insulin amalite ime ihe na nkeji 20-25. Ogologo oge ọgwụ ahụ si 5 ruo 8 awa. A na - emekwu ya site na mmiri ọgwụ enzyme ma wepụta ya na mmamịrị. Ọgwụ a anaghị agafe Plasenta ma ọ banyeghị na mmiri ara.

Kedu mgbe a na-edenye insulin jizi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe?

Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ enyemaka ngwa ngwa

A na - eji insulin rụpụtara ihe eji arụ ọrụ mmadụ n'ọnọdụ ndị a:

1. 1dị 1 ma ọ bụ ụdị shuga 2. A na-eji ya dịka ọgwụgwọ onwe ya ma ọ bụ yana ọgwụ ndị ọzọ.
2. Na iguzogide ndị ọrịa hypoglycemic nke onọ.
3. Na ọrịa shuga na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime.
4. Ọ bụrụ na nsogbu sitere akụrụ na umeji.
5. Mgbe ị na-agbanwe insulin na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge.
6. N'oge ihe dị mkpa.
7. N'ihe banyere ọnọdụ egwu ndụ (hyperosmolar ma ọ bụ ketoacidotic coma).
8. N'ime ọnọdụ mberede (tupu ịmụ nwa, yana mmerụ ahụ).
9. Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọnya ọnya dystrophic (ọnya, furunhma).
10. Ọgwụ nke ọrịa shuga megide ndabere nke ọrịa.

A na-anabata insulin nke injin sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ nke ọma ma ọ dịghị akpata mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị, ebe ọ bụ na hormone ahụ sitere n'okike.

Monitoringnyocha mgbe niile dị mkpa!

Amachibidoro ịkọ ọgwụ mgbe ọ bụla:

• iwetulata shuga dị ala
• hypersensitivity na ọgwụ.

N’ụbọchị mbụ mgbe emechara ọgwụ a, nlebara anya nke onye ọrịa dị mkpa.

Nsonaazụ

Urticaria Danger! Ire Quincke!

N'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, mgbe ị na-eji insulin, nsogbu ndị na-esonụ ga-ekwe omume:

• Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị (urticaria, edebi Quincke, itching nke anụ ahụ),
• mbelata nke ukwuu na shuga ọbara (ọ na-eto n'ihi iju ahụ nke ọgwụ site na ahụ ma ọ bụ ihe omume nke mgbochi immunological),
• isi mmụọ
• n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, mmepe nke hypoglycemic coma kwere omume,
• akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, nkụda mmụọ, agụụ,
• hyperglycemia (mgbe ị na-a theụ ọgwụ megide ndabere nke ọrịa ma ọ bụ ahụ ọkụ),
• ncha ihu
• mmeghachi omume mpaghara na mpaghara nchịkwa (ọkụ, itching, atrophy ma ọ bụ ịba ụba nke abụba subcutaneous).

Mgbe ụfọdụ mmegharị ọgwụ ahụ na-esochi nsogbu ndị dịka ọrịa ọzịza na nkwarụ anya. Ihe ngosi a na - apụkarị mgbe izu ole na ole gachara.

Etu esi achọta insulin sitere na nkpuru ogwu n’enweta ogwu.

Ogwu a di n ’uzo nke osisa nye ochichi parenteral:

O sighị ike ịhọrọ nkwadebe insulin na-eburu n'uche njirimara onye ọrịa ahụ.

Usoro ojiji

Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji insulin subcutaneous insulin eme ihe.

N'ọnọdụ ndị chọrọ ngwa ngwa, a na-enye ọgwụ ahụ intravenfully.

Na ọnọdụ siri ike nke onye ọrịa

Ọbụna onye nwere ọrịa mamịrị nwere ahụmịhe nwere ike imehie ihe mgbe ị na-eji ọgwụ ahụ.

Iji zere nsogbu, ọ dị mkpa:

1. Tupu ojiji, lelee ụbọchị ngafe nke ọgwụ.
2. Legharịa aro maka nchekwa nchekwa: Ekwesịrị ịchekwa viar spare na friji. Enwere ike idobe vial ahụ mepụtara na ụlọ okpomọkụ n'ebe ọchịchịrị.
3. Gbalia icheta usoro onunu kwesiri ekwesi: guo ogwu nke ozo.
4. Tupu ntụtụ, ọ dị oke mkpa ịhapụ ikuku site na sirinji.
5. Akpụkpọ ahụ kwesịrị ịdị ọcha, mana ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma iji mmanya maka nhazi, ebe ọ na-ebelata ịdị irè nke ọgwụ.
6. Họrọ ebe kachasị mma maka ịgba ntụtụ. Mgbe etinyere ya n'okpuru akpụkpọ nke afọ, ọgwụ ahụ ga-eme ngwa ngwa. Nnabata insulin na-eji nwayọ eme ihe mgbe a webatara ya n’ogodi ma ọ bụ ubu
7. Jiri mpaghara elu niile (mgbochi nke nsogbu mpaghara). Oghere dị n'etiti inje kwesịrị ịdịkarịa 2 cm.
8. Ghọta anụ ahụ na ude iji belata ihe ị ga-abanye n’arụ ahụ.
9. Gwaa sirinji n'okpuru anụ ahụ n’akuku wee ghara ịgwụ ọgwụ ahụ.
10. Mgbe etinyere n’ime afọ, a na-enye insulin ihe-adịghị mkpụmkpụ nkeji iri tupu nri. Maka nke ịhọrọ ubu ma ọ bụ akabe - nkeji iri atọ tupu nri.

Njikọ ya na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ

Ọtụtụ mgbe, na-arịa ọrịa shuga, onye ọrịa na-ewere ọtụtụ ọgwụ. Njikọ ya na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike imetụta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ nke insulin jizi emepụta ihe.

Iji gbochie nsogbu, ị kwesịrị ịma:

Dodoụbiga ya ókè

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nchịkwa insulin na-eduga n'ịbelata shuga ọbara na mberede. Nsogbu a na-ebilitekarị n'ihi nhọrọ nke usoro ezighi ezi.

Ihe mgbaàmà mbụ nke hypoglycemia:

• adịghị ike
• pallor nke anụ ahụ
• ala nchegbu
• anya ntughari
• uche ya
• ogwe aka, ukwu, ire na egbugbere ọnụ
• Aka na-ama jijiji
• ọsụsọ oyi
• mmetụta siri ike nke agụụ
• isi ọwụwa.

Remjọ, nbibi mberede na ọdịmma

Ọ bụrụ n’ịchọpụta ụdị mgbaàmà a n’ime onwe gị, ịkwesịrị ị rie ngwa ngwa ihe nwere carbohydrates na-emebi emebi. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ kuki, swiiti, otu shuga ma ọ bụ achịcha na-acha ọcha. Tii dị ụtọ na-enyere aka n'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ahụ kara njọ, ị ga-akpọ ụgbọ ihe mberede. Hypoglycemia nwere ike ibute ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọnwụ onye ọrịa.

Insulin ọgwụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ gwakọtara dị ize ndụ?

Ndewo Re insulin nke na-agbanwe mmiri adịghị iche na nke eke. Iji nweta ya, a na-eji nje ndị gbanwetụrụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

N'iji teknụzụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, DNA a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ insulin abanye n'ahụ sel nke co coli. Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa emepụtarala ka ọ mụbaa ma mepụta homonụ. Ogwu ahu di nma ma nwekwa oke ocha.

Insulin Nkebi nke II Mmeputa insulin nke microbiological

akụrụngwa ịdị n'otu - na-eme ka ịdị n'otu nke protein ngwakọ dị ukwuu.

N'okwu a, ihe abụọ a nwere ike ịdị n'otu oge na nhazi nke protein ngwakọ.

Na mgbakwunye, mgbe ị na -emepụta protein ngwakọ, enwere ike iji usoro nke multidimensionality (ya bụ, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nke polypeptide lekwasịrị anya dị na protein ngwakọ), nke nwere ike ịbawanye uru nke ngwaahịa lekwasịrị anya.

2 Ngosipụta nke proinsulin na mkpụrụ ndụ E. coli ..

N'ime ọrụ ahụ, ndị ode akwụkwọ jiri ụdị JM 109 N1864 nwere usoro nucleotide etinyere na plasmid na-egosipụta protein ngwakọ, nke nwere proinsulin nke dị larịị na iberibe protein staphylococcus aureus A jikọtara na N-terminus site na nsị methionine.

Mmekọ nke biomass sel nke anụ ahụ nke ndọghachi azụ na-enye mmalite nke mmepụta protein, ekewapụta na mgbanwe nke usoro nke tube na-eduga na insulin.

Oftù ndị nchọpụta ọzọ nwetara protein mejupụtara na sistemụ nsị nke nje nke mejupụtara proinsulin mmadụ na ọdụ polyhistidine dị na ya site na nsị methionine. E kewapụrụ ya site na iji cherom chromatography na kọlụm Ni-agarose site na anụ ahụ gụnyere ma jiri cromogen bromide gbarie.

Ntughari ihe omumu nke ihe omimi nke proinsulin mezuru site na otite mgbanwe chromatography na resinion anion na resin RP (mgbanwe nke mmiri) chromatography gosiputara nnabata nke uzo ano nke ano na ano na ano ihe omimi nke proinsulin. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-akọ maka mmepe nke usoro ọhụụ, nke kachasị mma maka imepụta insulin mmadụ site na injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe na mkpụrụ ndụ prokaryotic. Ndị ode akwụkwọ chọpụtara na insulin na-esite na nhazi ya na ọrụ ndu ya na hormone nke dị na pancreas na-apụta.

N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya iji mee ka usoro a na-emepụta insulin mmiri na-arụ ọrụ site na injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Yabụ, ndị dere akwụkwọ a nwetara protein fusion nke gụnyere peptide du interleukin 2 nke etinyere na N-terminus nke proinsulin site na nsị nke lysine.

Egosiputara protein ahu nke oma ma deghachi ya n'ime ozu ndi mmadu. Mgbe ikewapụchara ya, mkpụrụ gwuru gwuru na trypsin ka o wee mepụta insulin na C-peptide. Oftù ndị nchọpụta ọzọ mere ihe yiri nke ahụ.

Otu protein jikọtara ọnụ nke mejupụtara proinsulin na ngalaba abụọ na-akpụ akpụ staphylococcus Igwe na-ejikọ protein IgG n'ime anụ ahụ gụnyere, mana enwere ọkwa dị elu. Igwe chromatography na-eme ka mmekọrịta ahụ ike dịpụrụ iche site na iji IgG ma jiri ya na trypsin na carboxypeptidase B.

RP HPLC rụpụtara insulin na C-peptide rụpụtara. Mgbe ị na-eke ihe ndị gbara agba, ogo nke protein protein na polypeptide na - ebu isi dị ezigbo mkpa.

N'ihi ya, ọrụ ahụ kọwara owuwu nke akụkụ festo, ebe eji protein na-ejikọ mmadụ albumin albumin iji rụọ ọrụ polypeptide. Otu, atọ na asaa C-peptides jikọtara ya na ya.

A na-ejikọ C-peptides na isi-ọdụ site na iji amino acid oghere na-ebu saịtị mmachi Sfi I na nsị arginine abụọ na mbido na njedebe nke oghere maka ịgbanye protein na-esote na trypsin. HPLC nke ngwaahịa mepere emepe gosiri na njikọ nke C-peptide bụ ọnụọgụ, nke a na-enye ohere iji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa multimeric iji nweta polypeptides lekwasịrị anya n'ọtụtụ ọrụ.

Ọrụ ahụ na-akọwa nkwadebe nke muta proinsulin, nke nwere nnọchi Arg32Tyr. Mgbe etinyere protein a na trypsin na carboxypeptidase B, insulin ala nwere ya na C-peptide nwere nsị tyrosine bụ. Nke ikpeazụ a, mgbe akpọmasịchara 125I, ejiri ya rụọ ọrụ na redioimmunoassay. 3 nhicha nke insulin.

Insulin bu n’obi maka imeputa ogwu gha gha eme ocha. Ya mere, njikwa dị mma nke ịdị ọcha nke ngwaahịa a nwetara na ọkwa ọ bụla nke mmepụta ihe dị mkpa. Na mbu, ejiri RP na IO (mgbanwe ion) HPLC mee ihe iji kọwaa proinsulin-S-sulfonate, proinsulin, A- na B-chain, na S-sulfonates ha.

A na-akwụzị uche pụrụ iche nye onye na-ahụ maka insulin ikuku na-enwu. N'ime ọrụ ahụ, ndị ode akwụkwọ nyochara itinye n'ọrụ na ihe ọmụma banyere usoro chromatographic na nyocha nke ngwaahịa na ọkwa niile nke mmepụta insulin mmadụ ma wepụta usoro nke arụmọrụ chromatographic iji kewapụta ma kọwaa ngwaahịa ndị esite na ya.

Ọzọkwa, a na-emepụta ụzọ dị iche iche iji rụọ ọrụ na mee ka usoro nke ịchọpụta ịdị ọcha nke insulin na ịdị ọcha.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-akọ banyere ọmụmụ banyere ohere nke iji chromatography RP mmiri nwere nchọpụta electrochemical maka mkpebi siri ike nke insulin, yana usoro maka mkpebi siri ike nke insulin nke dịpụrụ adịpụ site na agwaetiti nke Langerhans site na iji ọgwụ mgbochi chromatography immunoaffinity na ịchọpụta visrometric.

N'ime ọrụ ahụ, enwere ike iji ọgwụ nkwụghachi ngwa ngwa nke insulin na-eji capillary electrophoresis nwere nchọpụta laser-fluorescence. Emere nnyocha a site na itinye ihe nlele insulin nke ejiri akara phenylisothiocyanate (FITC) na nkeji nke ihe omumu insulin nke monoclonal. Ejiri akwụkwọ mpịachi ede na mgbe nile na-asọ mpi na ụlọ Fab. A na - ekewa insulin akara nke FITZ na ihe ya di na Fabio n’ime nkeji iri atọ.

N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, etinyerela ọtụtụ ọrụ iji melite usoro mmepụta insulin, yana imepụta ụdị usoro ọgwụgwọ dabere na ya.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na USA, analogs anaulins ịba ọcha n'anya, n'ụzọ dị iche site na homonụ sitere n'okike n'ihi iwebata nsị nke amino acid dị iche iche na ọnọdụ 13-15 na 19 nke agbụ na ọnọdụ 16 nke agbụ B.

A na - eji ọgwụ analogues nke enwetara dị iche iche na parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous), ụdị nnabata intranasal ma ọ bụ itinye ya n'ụdị capsules pụrụ iche na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa mellitus. Nke kachasị dị mkpa bụ ịmepụta ụdị usoro onunu ogwu a na-eduzi na-enweghị ọgwụ.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-akọpụta banyere usoro nchịkwa nke ụbụrụ macromolecular, nke insulin na-egbochi ya na olu nke polymer hydrogel gbanwetụrụ ya na ndị na-egbochi enzyme proteolytic. Irè dị otú ahụ ọgwụ bụ 70-80% nke arụ ọrụ nke subcutaneously ẹkenam insulin nwaafo.

N’ọrụ ọzọ, a na-enweta ọgwụ site n ’imepụta insulin nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, nke ewere ya n’otu nke 1-4: 100, n’ihu onye na-ejikọ aka.Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-akọ nnata nke ọgwụ nwere ihe omume 1000 nkeji / g, ichekwa ọrụ zuru oke mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ na ịchekwa ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ n'ụdị lyophilized.

Na mgbakwunye na ịmepụta ọgwụ ọhụrụ na ụdị usoro ịsụ ọgwụ dabere na insulin, a na-emepụta ụzọ ọhụrụ iji dozie nsogbu nke ọrịa shuga.

Yabụ, ndị odere tụgharịrị protein GD nke glucose cDNA na mbu nwere ntụpọ insulin cDNA zuru oke nke sel HEP G2.

N 'emegharị HEP G2 enwetara, glucose na-akpali nsoro insulin nkịtị ma na-eme ka nzaghachi ihe nzuzo ndị ọzọ na-akpali ihe nzuzo.

Immunoelectron microscopy kpughere ọgwụ nwere insulin nwere morphologically yiri granules dị na b-sel nke agwaetiti nke Langerhans. Enwere ike iji “b-sel artificial” nke enwetara site na usoro inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị shuga mellitus 1 bụ ugbu a na-akparịta ụka.

Tinyere idozi nsogbu ndị bara uru, a na-atụle usoro nke insulin, yana mmekọrịta nhazi na arụmọrụ n'ime molekul. Otu n'ime usoro nyocha bụ ihe okike dị iche iche nke insulin na ọmụmụ banyere njikwa akụrụngwa ọgwụ na ọgwụ 23, 24.

Dịka e kwuru n’elu, ọtụtụ ụzọ maka imepụta insulin na-esite na mmepụta nke homonụ a n’ụdị nhazi (proinsulin), nsonyezụ nke enzymatic na insulin na C-peptide. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, gosipụtara ọnụnọ nke ndu maka C-peptide, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume iji ya maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ yana insulin.

N'isiokwu ndị na-esonụ nke usoro a, a ga-atụle ihe physicochemical na ihe omimi nke C-peptide, yana ụzọ maka nkwadebe ya.

Ọmụmụ ihe ndị dị ndụ mmadụ na ọgwụ ọgwụ

Ihe mmasị bụ mmepe maka inweta ụdị 20K nke STGh. Ọrụ dị mma bụ inweta ma mụọ ọ bụghị naanị ụdị dị iche iche nke STH, kamakwa iji ọgwụ mgbochi STH mee ihe iji nweta ogologo oge nke hormone ahụ. E mepụtala ụzọ izizi iji nweta STHch na-enweghị ọgwụ tinyere ogologo oge.

Na nkwekọrịta na mmepụta nke STH, teknụzụ arụkọtara ọnụ nke mbụ maka imepụta homonụ adenohypophysis, gụnyere ụdị umu anumanu, na ụfọdụ mgbanwe ha sitere na GST. Ihe di nkpa di nkpa bu ntinye ihe obula iji choputa ogwu ogwu STH (somatogen), nke enwetara site na inyocha ihe omumu.

Ahụmahụ amamịghe gosipụtara na, na-ebuli ọgwụgwọ nke ntagide, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya ị nweta n'ọgwụ a na-eme ọtụtụ ọgwụ ọgwụ ndị yiri nka sitere na teknụzụ dị iche iche ma ọ bụ ọbụna ụzọ (MF, Ausomatin, Somatogen).

Ọgwụ ogologo oge (ruo ọtụtụ afọ) na nhazi nke HSCH na-ebute mbelata nke ezi uche dị n’ime ahụ ya.

Na akụkụ, nke a nwere ike ịbụ nsonaazụ nke ọgwụ mgbochi, mana a ga -achịrị isi ihe kpatara ọkwa nke ndị na-anabata ya na nhazi nke homonụ.

Na-arụ ọrụ na GST, yana ọmụmụ zuru oke nke homonụ zoro ezo na ụdị ha dị iche iche na-eme ka o kwe omume ịmụ usoro nke okike kere ma ghọta ha nke ọma. Thedị ịdị iche iche nke STH n’anụ ahụ na-egosi na ha ga-ekwe omume na iji ha mee ihe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n’ụlọ ọgwụ.

Mgbe ị na -emepụta nkwadebe STHch ọhụrụ, ọ dị mkpa ibu ụzọ lekwasị anya n'ụdị ụdị homonụ nke ala ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dabara adaba, jiri usoro ọmụmụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa wee mee ha, dịka a na-eme na monshọ nke STHch.

N'ime imepụta STHch nkwadebe sitere na GST, a na-etinye usoro teknụzụ zuru oke maka mmepụta nke homonhypophysis ndị ọzọ (LGH, FSHch, TTGch na ndị ọzọ). Ọ dị mkpa ịkwalite mmepụta site na iwebata ụzọ ọhụrụ dị elu (chromatography affinity, wdg.

) nabata homonụ nke dị ọcha site na iji teknụzụ arụnyere.

Ọ dị mkpa ịgbasa mmepụta na ojiji nke usoro nke immunomicroanalysis nke homonụ nke adenohypophysis maka nchọpụta na biotechnology, iji mepụta usoro iwu nke ọgwụ mgbochi ụkpụrụ nke akpịrịkpa dị iche iche, iji mepụta usoro STHch ọhụrụ, gụnyere ndị anaghị egbochi.

Eziokwu ahụ bụ na STH na-emetụta protein, abụba, na metabolism metabolism, na-eme ihe na ọkwa nke cell na-enweghị akụrụngwa, ma ọ bụ ọgwụ anabolic, na-enye atụmanya dị ukwuu maka ojiji iji gbaa usoro mmezi ma na-agwọ ọrịa dị iche iche. Ọmụmụ ihe sara mbara banyere nsogbu ndị a, yana enwere ike iji ụdị Gbanweela ụdị na iche iche nke STGch, bụ ọrụ dị ngwa ma na-ekwe nkwa.

Inweta insulin na usoro ndu

Insulin, hormone nke peptide nke agwaetiti nke Langerhans nke pancreas, bụ ọgwụgwọ bụ isi maka ọrịa shuga. Ọ bụ insulin kpatara ọrịa a, ọ na - egosipụta mmụba nke glucose ọbara. Ruo n’oge na-adịbeghị anya, enwetara insulin site na pancreas nke ehi na ezì.

Ọgwụ ahụ dị iche na insulin nke mmadụ site na dochie amino acid 1-3, nke mere na enwere ihe iyi egwu nke mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị, karịsịa na ụmụaka. Ọ na-emefu insulin iji ọgwụ ndị mmadụ ji eme ihe ebe nile n'ihi mmụba dị ukwuu o nwere na ihe ndị ọ na-akpata.

Site na ntụgharị kemịkal, insulin sitere na ụmụ anụmanụ ka emere ka amata na-enweghị atụ site na mmadụ, mana nke a pụtara ịrị elu na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ngwaahịa.

Kemgbe 1982, EliLilly arụpụtala insulin mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọmụmụ dabere na njikọ dị iche iche nke njikọ E. coli A na B. Ọnụ ego nke ngwaahịa a belatara nke ukwuu, insulin na-ebute ya na mmadụ. Kemgbe 1980, enweela akụkọ banyere akụkọ banyere mkpokọ nke proinsulin gene, ihe ana - eme ka mmiri jupụta homonụ nke na - agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ onye tozuru etozu na - enwe obere protein.

A na - etinyekwa teknụzụ Encapsulation maka ịgwọ ọrịa shuga: mkpụrụ ndụ a na - eme ka a mata ya n'ime otu onye ọrịa, mepụta insulin n'afọ.

Ihe omumu ihe omuma meputara hoputara homonu nke ndi mmadu na aru ike. Ihe ndi a mejuputara uzo abuo. Na isi okwu a bụ njikọ ọrụ nke oligopeptide homonụ nke sistemụ ụjọ - enkephalins, nke esitere na amino acid 5, na endorphins, analogues nke morphine.

Mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe n’ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya, peptides ndị a na-ebelata ihe mgbu, na -eme ọnọdụ dị mma, na-abawanye arụmọrụ, na-elekwasị anya, na-eme ka ebe nchekwa ka mma ma na-amụ anya.

Ihe omuma atu nke ihe omuma nke uzo ihe omumu ihe omumu bu ihe p-endorphin site na iji teknuzu protein nke edeputara n’elu maka homonu ozo peptide, somatostatin.

Forzọ iji mepụta insulin mmadụ:

N’oge gara aga, ụzọ mbụ iji nweta insulin maka ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ bụ kewapụrụ analogues nke hormone a site na ebumpụta ụwa (agwaetiti nke pancreas nke ehi na ezì).

Na 20s nke narị afọ gara aga, achọpụtara na bovine na anụ ezi insulins (nke kacha nso insulin mmadụ na usoro ya na usoro amino acid) na-egosipụta ọrụ n'ime ahụ mmadụ nke tụnyere insulin mmadụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-eji insulin ehi ma ọ bụ ezì eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga typedị nke m.

Ka osiladi, mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, e gosipụtara na n’ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi ime bovine na insulin insulin na-amalite ịchịkọta n’ahụ mmadụ, si otú a na-eleghara mmetụta ha anya.

N’aka nke ozo, otu uzo uru inweta insulin bu nnweta nke ihe ntaneti (enwere ike nweta boulin na insulin n’enwe otutu ihe), nke keere oke mkpa na mmepe nke uzo mbu iji meputa insulin.A na-akpọ usoro a ọkara sịntetik.

N'ụzọ dị otú a iji mepụta insulin mmadụ, a na-eji insulin ezumike eme ihe dị ka nri. A ga-ewepụrịrị C-termin octapeptide nke yinye silsila na insulin porcine dị ọcha, mgbe nke ahụ mechara mkpụkọ nke C-terminal octapeptide nke insulin mmadụ.

Mgbe ahụ, ejiri ọgwụ ndị mepere emepe ya, wepụrụ ìgwè ndị na-enye nchebe ma mee ka insulin ahụ na-apụta dị ọcha. Mgbe ị na-anwale usoro a iji nweta insulin, egosiri njirimara homonụ nke enwetara na insulin mmadụ.

Ihe isi ọghọm nke usoro a bụ oke ụgwọ nke insulin na-esite (ọbụladị ugbu a, kemịkalụ kemịkalụ nke octapeptide bụ ihe ụtọ dị oke ọnụ, ọkachasị n'usoro ụlọ ọrụ).

Ugbu a, a na - enweta insulin nke mmadụ n'ụzọ abụọ: site na ngbanwe nke insulin insulin site na usoro sịntetik-enzymatic na usoro nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

N'okwu nke mbụ, usoro a dabere na eziokwu na insulin ezì dị iche na insulin nke mmadụ n'otu ntụgharị na C-terminus nke Ala30Thr B yinye.

Dochie alanine na threonine bụ nke a na-ebu site na enzyme-catalyzed clenvage nke alanine na mgbakwunye nke nsị nke threonine nke otu carbonxy na-echebe kama ya, bụ nke dị ugbu a na nnukwu ego na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume. Mgbe kpochapụrụ nke O-tert-butyl na-echebe, a na-enweta insulin mmadụ.

Insulin bu protein mbu nke enwetara maka nzube ahia site na iji teknụzụ DNA recombinant. E nwere ụzọ abụọ maka imepụta insulin mmadụ si mepụta ihe.

N'okwu nke mbụ, a na - enweta eriri dị iche (ihe dị iche iche na - ekepụta) maka agị abụọ ahụ, na - esochi mpempe ihe mgbochi (mpụta nke akwa àkwà mmiri) na nkewapụ iche.

Na nke abụọ, imepụta n’ụdị nke a (preinsulin) na - esochi mgbaze enzymatic na trypsin na carboxypeptidase B na ụdị hormone ahụ na - arụ ọrụ.

Ugbu a, ọ kachasị ọkacha mma ịnweta insulin n'ụdị ihe ntụgharị, nke na -emechi mmechi ziri ezi nke àkwà mmiri na-adịghị mma (n'ụdị nkwadebe dị iche iche, usoro ịgọnarị, nkewapụ nke isoforms na ahaziri ahazi).

Site na ụzọ abụọ a, ọ ga - ekwe omume ma n'otu n'otu ịnweta ihe ndị na - amalite (A- na B-chain ma ọ bụ proinsulin), yana akụkụ nke protein ngwakọ. Na mgbakwunye na eriri A na B ma ọ bụ proinsulin, protein ngwakọ nwere ike ịnwe:

1) protein ebu - na-eme njem nke protein ngwakọ n'ime periplasmic oghere nke sel ma ọ bụ ọdịbendị na-ajụ,

2) mmekorita imekorita - dozikwara ikewaputa protin ngwakọ.

N'okwu a, ihe abụọ a nwere ike ịdị n'otu oge na nhazi nke protein ngwakọ. Na mgbakwunye, mgbe ị na -emepụta protein ngwakọ, enwere ike iji usoro nke multidimensionality (ya bụ, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nke polypeptide lekwasịrị anya dị na protein ngwakọ), nke nwere ike ịbawanye uru nke ngwaahịa lekwasịrị anya.

Ngosiputa nke proinsulin na sel coli ..

Strain JM 109 N1864 nwere usoro nucleotide na-ekwupụta protein na-emetụta, nke mejupụtara proinsulin nke dị larịị na iberibe protein nke A nke staphylococcus aureus nke ejikọtara na N-terminus site na nsị methionine.

Mmekọ nke biomass sel nke anụ ahụ nke ndọghachi azụ na-enye mmalite nke mmepụta protein, ekewapụta na mgbanwe nke usoro nke tube na-eduga na insulin.

Oftù ndị nchọpụta ọzọ nwetara protein mejupụtara na sistemụ nsị nke nje nke mejupụtara proinsulin mmadụ na ọdụ polyhistidine dị na ya site na nsị methionine. E kewapụrụ ya site na iji cherom chromatography na kọlụm Ni-agarose site na anụ ahụ gụnyere ma jiri cromogen bromide gbarie.

Ntughari ihe omumu nke ihe omimi nke proinsulin mezuru site na otite mgbanwe chromatography na resinion anion na resin RP (mgbanwe nke mmiri) chromatography gosiputara nnabata nke uzo ano nke ano na ano na ano ihe omimi nke proinsulin. A kọkwara na mmepe nke usoro ọhụụ ka mma maka imepụta insulin mmadụ site na inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n’ime sel prokaryotic. Ndị ode akwụkwọ chọpụtara na insulin na-esite na nhazi ya na ọrụ ndu ya na hormone nke dị na pancreas na-apụta.

N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya iji mee ka usoro a na-emepụta insulin mmiri na-arụ ọrụ site na injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Ya mere, enwetara protein na-enwe n'ime mmiri peptide nke interleukin nke ejikọtara na N-terminus nke proinsulin site na nsị nke lysine. Egosiputara protein ahu nke oma ma deghachi ya n'ime ozu ndi mmadu.

Mgbe ikewapụchara ya, mkpụrụ gwuru gwuru na trypsin ka o wee mepụta insulin na C-peptide. Oftù ndị nchọpụta ọzọ mere ihe yiri nke ahụ. Otu protein jikọtara ọnụ nke mejupụtara proinsulin na ngalaba abụọ na-akpụ akpụ staphylococcus Igwe na-ejikọ protein IgG n'ime anụ ahụ gụnyere, mana enwere ọkwa dị elu.

Igwe chromatography IgG adịla iche kewapụrụ protein ahụ ma bụrụkwa nke a na-akpọ trypsin na carboxypeptidase B. Ihe sitere na RP HPLC rụpụtara insulin na C-peptide. Mgbe ị na-eke ihe ndị gbara agba, ogo nke protein protein na polypeptide na - ebu isi dị ezigbo mkpa.

A na-akọwa ihe owuwu na -eme ka ihe na-etolite etolite ebe a na-eji protein protein serum albumin mmadụ mee ihe dị ka polypeptide na-ebu. Otu, atọ na asaa C-peptides jikọtara ya na ya.

A na-ejikọ C-peptides na isi-ọdụ site na iji amino acid oghere na-ebu saịtị mmachi Sfi I na nsị arginine abụọ na mbido na njedebe nke oghere maka ịgbanye protein na-esote na trypsin. HPLC nke ngwaahịa mepere emepe gosiri na njikọ nke C-peptide bụ ọnụọgụ, nke a na-enye ohere iji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa multimeric iji nweta polypeptides lekwasịrị anya n'ọtụtụ ọrụ.

Inweta proinsulin na-amụ amụ, nke nwere nnọchi Arg32Tyr. Mgbe etinyere protein a na trypsin na carboxypeptidase B, insulin ala nwere ya na C-peptide nwere nsị tyrosine bụ. Nke ikpeazụ a, mgbe akpọmasịchara 125I, ejiri ya rụọ ọrụ na redioimmunoassay.

Insulin bu n’obi maka imeputa ogwu gha gha eme ocha. Ya mere, njikwa dị mma nke ịdị ọcha nke ngwaahịa a nwetara na ọkwa ọ bụla nke mmepụta ihe dị mkpa. Na mbu, ejiri RP na IO (mgbanwe ion) HPLC mee ihe iji kọwaa proinsulin-S-sulfonate, proinsulin, A- na B-chain, na S-sulfonates ha.

A na-akwụzị uche pụrụ iche nye onye na-ahụ maka insulin ikuku na-enwu. N'ime ọrụ ahụ, ndị ode akwụkwọ nyochara itinye n'ọrụ na ihe ọmụma banyere usoro chromatographic na nyocha nke ngwaahịa na ọkwa niile nke mmepụta insulin mmadụ ma wepụta usoro nke arụmọrụ chromatographic iji kewapụta ma kọwaa ngwaahịa ndị esite na ya.

Ọzọkwa, a na-emepụta ụzọ dị iche iche iji rụọ ọrụ na mee ka usoro nke ịchọpụta ịdị ọcha nke insulin na ịdị ọcha.

Emeputara omumu banyere iji chromatography RP mmiri mee ihe na nchọpụta electrochemiki iji chọpụta insulin, a na-akọkwa usoro iji kpebie insulin dịpụrụ adịpụ site na obere agwaetiti Langerhans site na chromatography immunoaffinity nwere nchọpụta spectrometric.

N'ime ọrụ ahụ, enwere ike iji ọgwụ nkwụghachi ngwa ngwa nke insulin na-eji capillary electrophoresis nwere nchọpụta laser-fluorescence.Emere nnyocha a site na itinye ihe nlele insulin nke ejiri akara phenylisothiocyanate (FITC) na nkeji nke ihe omumu insulin nke monoclonal. Ejiri akwụkwọ mpịachi ede na mgbe nile na-asọ mpi na ụlọ Fab. A na - ekewa insulin akara nke FITZ na ihe ya di na Fabio n’ime nkeji iri atọ.

Inyocha injinini mepụtara

Ajuju a na-eme insulin bu nke nwere mmasi obughi ndi dibia na ndi dibia, kamakwa nye ndi nwere oria aria mellitus na ndi ikwu ha na ndi enyi ha.

Taa, enwere ike ịnweta homonụ a pụrụ iche ma dị oke mkpa maka ahụike mmadụ site na akụrụngwa dị iche iche site na iji teknụzụ zụlitere ma jiri nlezianya nwale. Dabere na usoro nkwadebe, a na-amata ụdị insulin ndị a:

• Ezi ma ọ bụ bovine, nke a na-akpọkwa anụ ụlọ
• Ejiri ezi ezi biosynthetic gbanwetụrụ
• Injinịa ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ
• Gbanwee Jenụmanụ
• Sịdaịị

Ejirila insulin anụ ezi ogologo oge maka ọrịa shuga. Ngwa ya bidoro laa azụ na 20s nke narị afọ gara aga.

Okwesiri iburu n’uche na anu ezi ma obu anumanu bu nani ogwu rue mgbe 80s nke ikpeazu gara aga. Iji nweta ya, a na-eji anụ ahụ pancreas anụ ahụ.

Agbanyeghị, usoro a enweghị ike isi na-akpọ ihe kacha mma ma ọ bụ dị mfe: iji ngwaọrụ akụrụngwa arụ ọrụ anaghị adị mma mgbe niile, na akụrụngwa ahụ ezughị.

Na mgbakwunye, ihe mejupụtara insulin porulin anaghị adakọ kpamkpam na nchịkọta nke homonụ nke mmadụ nwere ahụ ike: nsị dị iche iche amino acid dị na otu ha. Okwesiri iburu n’obi na homonụ nke pensụl nke ehi na-emepụta nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke ukwuu karị, nke a na-enweghị ike ịkpọ ya ihe omume dị mma.

N'ime nkwadebe dị otú a, na mgbakwunye na ihe dị n'ọbara dị n'ọbara, ihe a na-akpọ proinsulin bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ihe na-enweghị ike ikewa site na iji usoro ọcha ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ ya na-abụkarị ihe na-akpata mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị, nke dị ize ndụ karịsịa nye ụmụaka na ndị agadi.

Ndị na-ere ọgwụ na-achọ ọzọ ịbanye na ndị ọrịa mamịrị. Enwere ọgwụ Europe nke nwere ezi uche ọhụụ, mana ha na-agbachi nkịtị banyere ya. Nke ahụ.

N'ihi nke a, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ụwa nwere ogologo agụụ ịdebe ihe mejupụtara homonụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ mepụtara na ntinye uche zuru oke na homonụ nke mmadụ nwere ahụ ike. Ezigbo ihe na-eme na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa shuga bụ mmepụta nke ọgwụ sịntetik na-enweta site na iji threonine dochie amino acid na nhazi anụmanụ.

N'otu oge ahụ, usoro nke na - eme ihe maka ịmịpụta homonụ sitere na iji nkwadebe ụmụ anụmanụ. N’ikwu ya n’ụzọ ọzọ, ha na-enweta mgbanwe ma bụrụkwa otu ihe ahụ homonụ mmadụ na-emepụta. Otu n’ime uru ha bara bụ ndakọrịta na ahụ mmadụ na enweghị mmeghachi omume nfụkasị.

Ọdịmma nke usoro a gụnyere ụkọ nke akụrụngwa na ihe isi ike na-eji ihe ndị dị ndụ arụ ọrụ, yana ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke ma teknụzụ n'onwe ya yana ọgwụ na-esi na ya apụta.

N'akụkụ a, ọgwụ kachasị mma maka ịgwọ ọrịa shuga bụ insulin nke a na-enweta site na injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Site n'ụzọ, a na-akpọkarị ya insulin sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe, si otú a na-egosi ụzọ isi nweta ya, a na-akpọkwa ihe ọ rụpụtara bụ insulin mmadụ, si otú a na-egosipụta njirimara ya zuru oke na homonụ nke pancreas nke mmadụ nwere ahụ ike.

N'etiti uru insulin na-eme ka mmadụ pụta ihe, mmadụ kwesịkwara ịchọpụta ogo nke ịdị ọcha ya na enweghị proinsulin, yana eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ naghị ebute mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị ọ bụla yana enweghị mgbochi.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị bụ ihe kwere nghọta: kedu nke bụ insulin ọgwụ na-emegharị anya? Ọ na-enyocha na mmiri mkpụrụ ọka yist na-emepụta homonụ a, yana Escherichia coli, etinyebere na nri na-edozi ahụ pụrụ iche. Ọzọkwa, ọnụọgụ nke ihe ahụ enwetara buru oke ibu na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhapụ ịhapụ ọgwụ nke esite na anụ ahụ.

N'ezie, nke a abụghị ihe dị mfe E. coli, kama ọ bụ ngbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma nwee ikike ịmịpụta insulin nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mejupụtara ya, ihe mejupụtara na akụrụngwa nke ya na nke hormone ahụ mepụtara site na sel nke pancreas nke ahụ ike.

Ohere nke insulin injinị mepụtara mkpụrụ ndụ abụghị naanị myiri ya na homonụ nke mmadụ, mana ọ dịkwa mfe nke ime nkwadebe, ọnụ ọgụgụ akụrụngwa zuru oke na ọnụ ọnụ ala.

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ụwa na-akpọ imepụta ọgwụ insulin na-eme ka mmiri nwee nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgwọ ọrịa shuga. Ihe nchoputa a di uku ma di nkpa nke siri ike itule ya.

Ọ dị nfe iji mara na taa ana-ezute ihe dị ka 95% nke mkpa maka homonụ a site n'enyemaka nke insulin sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

N'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ puku mmadụ na mbụ nwere ọgwụ anataghi ọgwụ nwetara ohere maka ibi ndụ dị mma.

Enwere m ọrịa shuga ruo afọ 31. O nwere ahụ ugbu a. Mana, okpu ndị a anaghị enweta ndị nkịtị, ha achọghị ire ọgwụ ọgwụ, ọ baghị uru maka ha.

Ka insulin injin siri arụ ọrụ

N'ime ọgwụgwọ ụdị mellitus type 1 ọrịa shuga, a na-eji insulin emepụtara usoro mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ mmadụ abụọ. N'ime ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, a na-ere ya n'ụdị edozi ma nwee akara a “Hụrụ n'Anya”. A pụkwara ịgwọ ụdị nke abụọ na ụdị ọgwụ a ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ ndị edepụtara adabaghị maka ndị ọrịa mamịrị.

A na-ejikwa insulin injinị ji akọ akọ eme ihe ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ nwere coma na-arịa ọrịa shuga. Ndị dọkịta na-edenyekarị ndị inyom dị ime chọpụtara ọrịa shuga ọrịa shuga mgbe ọgwụ ịbelata shuga na usoro ọgwụgwọ adịghị enyere aka.

Na mkpokọta, a na-eji insulins ndị nwere ihe omumu ma ọ bụ GMOs n’oge ịmụ nwa, mgbe a na-awa ha ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ọrịa mamịrị na-emerụ ahụ nke ukwuu. Ọgwụ a na-enye gị ohere ịgagharị were jiri homonụ na-eme ngwa ngwa.

1. Tupu ị jiri insulin biphasic mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ, ọ dị mkpa ime nyocha ma chọpụta ma ọgwụ a ọ dị mma maka onye ọrịa. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrịa mamịrị na-ekpughe hypoglycemia, a naghị atụ aro ojiji nke ọgwụ.
2. Usoro nke usoro ihe ngwọta bụ na insulin sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọmụmụ na-emekọ ihe n’ime mkpụrụ ndụ, nke na-eduga n’ịkpụpụta ogige. Mgbe mkpụrụ ndụ batara na ogige ndị a, ha na-akpalikwa ike wee malite ịrụ ọrụ ike. N'ihi ya, a na-emepụta enzyme ndị ọzọ.
3. N'ime usoro ahụ, a na-etinye glucose ngwa ngwa, carbohydrates na-abanye ahụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ya mere, imeju na-amịpụta glucose ogologo, na protein ga - agbasikwa ọsọ ọsọ.

Principlekpụrụ nke ị theụ ọgwụ ahụ na-adabere na usoro onunu ogwu, ụdị insulin, nhọrọ nke ntụtụ. Ekwesịrị ịme usoro ọ bụla naanị mgbe ekwenyechara na dọkịta na-aga. A na-eme ọgwụ mgbochi ndị mbụ n'okpuru nlekọta ahụike.

Ndụmọdụ maka iji ọgwụ a eme ihe

Dị ka ma ọ bụ insulin biphasic mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mmadụ nwere aha ahịa dị iche iche. Ọzọkwa, homonụ nwere ike ịdị iche na oge ọrụ, usoro nkwadebe nke ihe ngwọta. A na-aha ngwaahịa ndị ahụ dabere na ụdị insulin.

Ebumnuche ndị mepere emepe bụ akụkụ nke ọgwụ ndị dị ka Humudar, Vozulim, Actrapid. Insuran, Gensulin. Nke a abụghị ndepụta zuru oke nke ọgwụ ndị dị otú a, ọnụọgụ ha buru oke ibu.

Niile ọgwụ ndị a dị n’elu na-adị iche iche maka ikpughere anụ ahụ.GMO nwere ike ịnọ ọtụtụ awa ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ ruo ụbọchị niile.

Ọgwụ abụọ na-ejikọta ọgwụ gụnyere ọgwụ nke gụnyere ụfọdụ ihe na-agbanwe oge ekpughe ọgwụ.

• A na-ere ọgwụ ndị dị ka ụdị ngwakọta, gụnyere homonụ nke enwetara site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
• Ego ndị a gụnyere Mikstard, Insuman, Gansulin, Gensulin.
• A na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị, ọkara otu awa tupu nri. Usoro dị otú a kwesịrị ịrapagidesi ike na ya, ebe ọ bụ na homonụ metụtara kpọmkwem n'oge nri.

Site na mmepụta mkpụrụ ọgwụ insulin, mmadụ na-eme nkwadebe nke nwere oge ikpughe.

1. Ngwọta ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime nkeji iri isii, mana oge nke ọrụ kachasị elu na-achọpụta na awa isii ruo awa asaa mgbe ọ gbasịrị.
2. A na-ewepụ ọgwụ ahụ kpamkpam n’ahụ mgbe awa iri na abụọ gachara.
3. Ọgwụ ndị dị ka Insuran, Insuman, Protafan, Rinsulin, Biosulin.

Enwere GMO nwekwara oge dị mkpirikpi ekpughere anụ ahụ. Ndị a gụnyere ọgwụ insulin Actrapid, Gansulin, Humulin, Insuran, Rinsulin, Bioinsulin. Nnukwu insulins ndị dị otú a nwere oge ọrụ mgbe ọ dị ka awa abụọ ruo atọ, a ga-ahụkwa ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke omume nke ọgwụ ahụ n'ime ọkara elekere mgbe ịgba ọgwụ ahụ gasịrị.

Tupu a ghaa insulin, ekwesiri inyocha GMO maka nghọta na enweghị ihe ndị si mba ọzọ n’ime mmiri mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara ihe ndị si mba ọzọ na ọgwụ, nje ma ọ bụ ọdịda na-apụta, a ga-atụpụ vial a - ọgwụ adịghị mma maka iji ya.

Insulin ejiri mee ya ga-adi n temperature ụlọ okpomọkụ. A gha imeghari usoro ogwu homonụ ya ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa mamịrị nwere ọrịa na-efe efe, nsị thyroid, ọrịa Addison, hypopituitarism, na ọrịa akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala.

Mwakpo nke hypoglycemia ga-ekwe omume na ịdoụbiga ọgwụ ókè, n'ọnọdụ nke ịbanye na ụdị insulin ọhụrụ, n'ihi ịwụsị nri ma ọ bụ oke nri. Nmehie ya nwere ike ibute oria na -ebelata choro homonụ - ogo siri ike nke ọrịa akụrụ, ọrịa imeju, belata thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, na pituitary gland.

1. Ndalata shuga dị n'ọbara nwere ike ịme mgbanwe na mpaghara ịgba ọgwụ. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe site na otu ụdị insulin n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya ma ọ bụ naanị mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na dibịa bekee nọ.
2. Ọ bụrụ na onye na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-eji insulin eme ihe dị mkpụmkpụ, mgbe ụfọdụ olu anụ ahụ na-ebelata n’ebe a na-agba ya ma ọ bụ, n’aka nke ọzọ, na-abawanye. Iji gbochie nke a, a ga-emerịrị ọgwụ ya n'ebe dị iche iche.

Womenmụ nwanyị dị ime kwesịrị ịmara na ihe insulin chọrọ nwere ike ịdị iche n'oge ọnwa dị iche iche nke afọ ime. Iji mee nke a, ịkwesịrị iji glucometer duzie nwale ọbara kwa ụbọchị.

A kọwara ọrụ insulin n'ahụ ahụ mmadụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na vidiyo n'isiokwu a.

1. Ihe owuwu na oru nke insulin 5

1.1. Ọdịdị nke irighiri insulin 5

1,2. Ihe ndu mmadu n’aru insulin 7

1.3. Insulin Biosynthesis 8

2. Nlekọta mkpụrụ ndụ insulin na-arụ ọrụ 10

2,1. Ojiji nke usoro inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe maka njikọta ọgwụ 10

2,2. Zọ Injinị Mkpụrụ Ọrịa 11

2,3. Mmepụta insulin injinịa mepụtara

Mmechi 18

Doụbiga nrịba ama

Mgbe ị na-eji insulin, ọ dị mkpa ịgbaso ndụmọdụ dọkịta ma lelee usoro ị ofụ ọgwụ ọcribedụ exactụ a kapịrị ọnụ.

N'ihe banyere irubere iwu na ị anụbiga mmanya ókè, onye na-arịa ọrịa shuga malitere inwe isi ọwụwa, ihe mgbu, agụụ, ọsụsọ, obi obi mmadụ, onye ahụ na-arụ ọrụ gabiga ókè, iwe. Chills n'ime ahụ dum na ịma jijiji nwekwara ike ịhụ.

Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a yiri mgbaàmà nke mbelata glucose ọbara.N’ime usoro mgbaàmà dị nwayọ, onye ọrịa mamịrị nwere ike idozi nsogbu ahụ n’onwe ya ma melite ọnọdụ ahụ. Iji mee nke a, rie swiiti ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ọ bụla ọzọ na-atọ ụtọ nwere shuga.

• Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa shuga na-apụta, ha na-eji ọgwụ dextrose, a na-a drugụ ọgwụ ahụ ruo mgbe onye ahụ maara. Na ihe ịrịba ama nke mbụ enyo enyo, ọ dị mkpa ịkpọ ụgbọ ihe mberede, nke ga - enwe ike ibute onye ọrịa na ụzọ mberede.
• Dika mmetụta uto mgbe ejiri GMOs mee ihe, mmadu nwere akpukpo aru na aru urticaria, aru ya na arutu, obara obara na agbada, itching na ura ume nwere ike ime. Nke a bụ mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ọgwụ, nke mgbe obere oge gasịrị nwere ike ịpụ n'anya n'onwe ya na enweghị nkwado ọgwụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu, ị kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ dọkịta gị.
• N’ụbọchị ndị mbụ ị preparationụ insulin, ndị ọrịa mamịrị na-akpachapụ akpọnwụ ahụ, mmadụ na-enwe ụkọ mmiri, agụụ na-aka njọ, ọsụsọ na -ewe n’apata aka na n’ụkwụ, ọ na-enwe agụụ ụra ugboro ugboro. Ihe mgbaàmà ndị dị otú a na-apụkarị ngwa ngwa ma ghara ịmaliteghachi.

Nyocha na nkọwa

Enwere m ọrịa shuga 2 - anaghị arịa insulin. Otu enyi dụrụ DiageNot belata shuga ọbara. Ekwuru m site na ịntanetị. Amalitere nnabata.

M na-agbaso nri anaghị esicha ike, kwa ụtụtụ, m malitere ịga ụkwụ na 2-3 kilomita na ụkwụ. N’ime izu abụọ gara aga, ahụrụ m ka ọrịa shuga dị na mita ole n'ụtụtụ tupu nri ụtụtụ site na 9.3 ruo 7.1, na ọbụna ruo 6 ụnyaahụ.

1! M na-aga n'ihu mgbochi ahụ. Aga m ahapu aha m banyere ihe ịga nke ọma.

Margarita Pavlovna, mụ onwe m nọkwa na Diabenot ugbu a. SD 2. Enweghị m oge maka nri ma na-eje ije, mana anaghị m eme ihe na-atọ ụtọ na carbohydrates, echere m na XE, mana n'ihi afọ, shuga ka dị elu.

Nsonaazụ adịghị mma dịka nke gị, mana maka shuga 7.0 anaghị apụta otu izu. Kedu glucometer ị ji shuga jiri shuga? O gosi gi plasma ma obu obara dum? Achọrọ m ịtụle nsonaazụ ya site na ị takingụ ọgwụ.

Ana m ekele gị nke ukwuu maka ọkwa mgbasa ozi dị otú ahụ.

Mmepụta Injin Injinia Nwere Ọkwa

Iji mee ka mmadụ nwee ahụike, i kwesiri ileba ọkwa insulin n’ahụ. Homonụ a kwesiri izu oke ka glucose wee ghara ịba n'ọbara. Ma ọ bụghị ya, n'ihe banyere ọrịa metabolism, dọkịta na-achọpụta ọrịa shuga.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa shuga mellitus dị elu bụ imeju insulin na-efu efu, nke ahụ enweghị ike ịmepụta n'onwe ya. Maka nke a, a na-eji insulin na-amịpụta mmiri, nke a na-eji usoro ihe ọmụmụ nke mmadụ. Anụ a na-ahụ maka ya.

Maka mmepụta nke insulin, ọ bụghị naanị teknụzụ maka imepụta homonụ sitere n'okike, ndị na-emepụta na-ejikwa insulin emezila emezi. Ọgwụ a kara akara "solubilis" ka egosiri dị ka soluble.

Drugsdị ọgwụ ọjọọ

Dị ka ma ọ bụ insulin biphasic mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mmadụ nwere aha ahịa dị iche iche. Ọzọkwa, homonụ nwere ike ịdị iche na oge ọrụ, usoro nkwadebe nke ihe ngwọta. A na-aha ngwaahịa ndị ahụ dabere na ụdị insulin.

Ebumnuche ndị mepere emepe bụ akụkụ nke ọgwụ ndị dị ka Humudar, Vozulim, Actrapid. Insuran, Gensulin. Nke a abụghị ndepụta zuru oke nke ọgwụ ndị dị otú a, ọnụọgụ ha buru oke ibu.

Niile ọgwụ ndị a dị n’elu na-adị iche iche maka ikpughere anụ ahụ. GMO nwere ike ịnọ ọtụtụ awa ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ ruo ụbọchị niile.

Ọgwụ abụọ na-ejikọta ọgwụ gụnyere ọgwụ nke gụnyere ụfọdụ ihe na-agbanwe oge ekpughe ọgwụ.

• A na-ere ọgwụ ndị dị ka ụdị ngwakọta, gụnyere homonụ nke enwetara site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
• Ego ndị a gụnyere Mikstard, Insuman, Gansulin, Gensulin.
• A na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị, ọkara otu awa tupu nri. Usoro dị otú a kwesịrị ịrapagidesi ike na ya, ebe ọ bụ na homonụ metụtara kpọmkwem n'oge nri.

Site na mmepụta mkpụrụ ọgwụ insulin, mmadụ na-eme nkwadebe nke nwere oge ikpughe.

1. Ngwọta ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime nkeji iri isii, mana oge nke ọrụ kachasị elu na-achọpụta na awa isii ruo awa asaa mgbe ọ gbasịrị.
2. A na-ewepụ ọgwụ ahụ kpamkpam n’ahụ mgbe awa iri na abụọ gachara.
3. Ọgwụ ndị dị ka Insuran, Insuman, Protafan, Rinsulin, Biosulin.

Enwere GMO nwekwara oge dị mkpirikpi ekpughere anụ ahụ. Ndị a gụnyere ọgwụ insulin Actrapid, Gansulin, Humulin, Insuran, Rinsulin, Bioinsulin. Nnukwu insulins ndị dị otú a nwere oge ọrụ mgbe ọ dị ka awa abụọ ruo atọ, a ga-ahụkwa ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke omume nke ọgwụ ahụ n'ime ọkara elekere mgbe ịgba ọgwụ ahụ gasịrị.

A na-ewepụ ọgwụ ndị dị otú ahụ kpamkpam mgbe awa isii gachara.

Ojiji nke insulin soluble nke mmadu mepụtara maka oria shuga

Insulin mmadụ mepụtara site n'ọbara bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka mmiri ọgwụ insulin na-emepụta pancreas.

Ọ bụghị naanị na a na-eji homonụ gbanwetụrụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe eji emepụta ihe, kamakwa ejiri ihe mepụtara ya. Nhọrọ ọzọ a ma ama maka ịmepụta ọgwụ bụ iji insulin gbanwere, n'ihi

na nhazi ya na ọrụ ya, ọ kacha mmadụ nso.

Usoro mmepụta insulin nke injin.

Ihe ngosi na contraindications

Enwere ike iji insulin nke mepụtara ọhụrụ nwere ike iji ya maka ụdị ọrịa shuga 1 nke mellitus na ụdị shuga 2, mgbe a na-ahụ mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma maka ọgwụ ọnụ na ụdị hypoglycemic ọdịdị.

Enwere ike iji ya mgbe onye ọrịa nọ n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke coma. Ọ bụrụ na nwanyị dị ime amalitela ịrịa ọrịa shuga, a ga-ahapụ iji insulin injinịa mee ya, kama ọ bụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na nri anaghị enyere aka emetụta ọkwa glucose. A na-atụ aro iji ya eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ọrịa nke ibute ọrịa hyperthermia.

Nkwadebe nke Gene na-aga nke ọma na ojiji ha n'oge ịmụ nwa, arụmọrụ, mmerụ ahụ, nsogbu nke metabolic na ọnọdụ nke iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na insulin nwere nnukwu ọrụ.

Amachibidoro iji usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe eji eme ihe dochie homonụ na hypersensitivity ụfọdụ ihe nke ọgwụ ahụ yana hypoglycemia.

Ọgwụ ọgwụ ọgwụ

Ọgwụ nke ụdị a na-anabata ụfọdụ ndị na-anabata ọgwụ akpụkpọ ahụ, na-akpụ ha. Mgbe ọ banyere sel, usoro ọgwụ dị mgbagwoju anya na-emetụta ọrụ ahụ, na-akpali ya ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ karịa ma mepụta enzyme ndị ọzọ.

Ọkwa glucose na-ada n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na mkpụrụ ndụ na-edozi ya ngwa ngwa. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, usoro nke lipogenesis, a na-eme ka nri protin na-eto ngwa ngwa ma na-agbari imeju imeju glucose.

Ogologo oge ọgwụ a ga-adabere na ebe nchịkwa, ụdị ọgwụ, usoro onunu ogwu na mmeghachi omume nke ahụ mmadụ. Naanị dọkịta nwere ike ịtọ doses ma depụta ọgwụ ụfọdụ n’otu a. N’oge mbido ị drugsụ ọgwụ, ndị dọkịta na-enyocha onye ọrịa ahụ ka ọ mata ma ajụrụ ọgwụ ahụ.

Ihe Nlereanya nke Agụmagụ Inyocha Mkpụrụ Ọgwụ

Inulin eji enyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe dị n’ime ọgwụ ndị a ma ama dịka Insuran, Insuman, Vozulim, Penfill, Biosulin, Gensulin, Actrapid, Rinsulin, Humulin, Humudar, Rosinsulin na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ.

Enwere insulin dị iche iche.Otu n'ime klaasị ahụ metụtara oge ọgwụ. Dị ka ya si kwuo, insulin na-amị amị nwere ike ịdị mkpụmkpụ ma dị ogologo. Enwere ọgwụ ọgwụ a na - ejikọ ọnụ (insulin biphasic), nke nwere obere ma nwa ogologo oge.

A na-akpọ ụdị ọgwụ a ngwakọta. N'ime ha, enwere ndị ekepụtara na mgbanwe nke homonụ nke mmadụ. Abụọ insulin nke abụọ bụ Mikstard, Gansulin, Insuman, Humulin na Gensulin. Ọ dị ha mkpa iji ha ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị, ọkara otu awa tupu nri.

Nke a bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na insulin nke nwere akụkụ abụọ nwere ihe na - eme ihe dị mkpụmkpụ, ntinye nke na-adabere na nri.

Ihe analog nke homonụ mmadụ bụ n'etiti ọgwụ n’enwe ogo ogo oge. Igwe insulin a na-egbu egbu na-amalite ime ihe mgbe otu elekere gasịrị, ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ọrụ ya na-apụta mgbe awa 7 gachara. Mgbe awa 12 gachara, egosiri ya. Ọgwụ ndị mepụtara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ìgwè a bụ Insuman, Protafan, Humulin, Rinsulin, Biosulin, Gensulin, Gansulin, Insuran.

Enwere ọgwụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke igwe mmadụ n’etiti ihe dị mkpirikpi. Iji maa atụ, ndị a gụnyere Gansulin, Insuran, Humulin, Rinsulin, Gensulin, Bioinsulin na Actrapid. Igwe insulin na-egbu egbu na-amalite ime ihe na ọkara otu awa, ọrụ ya ruru ogo kachasị elu ya n'ime awa ole na ole. A na-ewepụ ọgwụ ndị dị otú ahụ ruo awa 6.

Bụrụ na ị anụ ọgwụ ọ drugsụ withụ nwere insulin jizi emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ, ike ọgwụgwụ, iro ụra, ike ọgwụgwụ, mgbakasị ahụ, obi mgbakasị ahụ, ịba ụba ọsụsọ oyi, ịma jijiji, pallor, palpitations, isi ọwụwa, nsogbu na agụụ nwere ike ime. Ihe ndị a niile bụ mgbaàmà hypoglycemia.

Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa a ka malitere itolite ma bụrụkwa nke mbụ, mfe nkebi, mgbe ahụ ị nwere ike wepu akara niile n’onwe gị. Iji mee nke a, ịkwesịrị iri nri nwere shuga ma nweekwa carbohydrates dị elu, nke enwere ike ịgbari ngwa ngwa. Enwere ike ịmebata Glucagon na dextrose n'ime ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ daba na coma, mgbe ahụ ịkwesịrị igba ntụtụ dextrose gbanwere ruo mgbe ọnọdụ ahụ ga-adị mma.

Peoplefọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịmalite iribata ihe nfụkasị na ị ofụ ọgwụ ọgwụ eji eme mkpụrụ ndụ ihe eji emepụta ya. Mgbaàmà nwere ike ịgụnye hives, ọzịza, ike gwụrụ, ọbara mgbali ala, mkpụmkpụ ume, ọkụ ọkụ, ahụ mgbu.

N'ụfọdụ, hypoglycemia na coma na-eme. Nsogbu banyere omumu mmadu na obuna oyi. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa eleghara ọgwụ anya, mgbe ahụ ọ nwere ike ịmalite hyperglycemia.

Ọ na - apụta n'ihi usoro ị lowụ ọgwụ dị ala nke mbido, yana mmepe nke ihe ịtụnanya na - efe efe n'ahụ, yana ọ bụrụ na ịkwesighi ịgbaso iwu nke nri.

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ike ịmalite lipodystrophy n'ebe a na-enye ọgwụ ahụ.

Na mbido iji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe, isi iyi, enweghị mmiri, ụra na ihe nri. Ma ihe ndị a na-adịru nwa oge.

Ofji ihe dochie anya insulin dika ihe ndi eji esi nkpuru osisi bu ihe ndozi ndi oma n’ileba anya oria shuga.

Ọ na - enyere aka belata ọkwa shuga n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na mkpụrụ ndụ na - ejikwa glucose na mkpụrụ ndụ, na usoro nke njem njem ya. Mana ọ dị mkpa iji ọgwụ ndị a mee ihe dabere na ndenye dọkịta, n'ihi

ha nwere ike ibute onye ọrịa ahụ ọrịa na-achọghị.

Gịnị ka eji insulin eme?

Insulin bu isi ogwu eji agwo oria oria 1. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ejikwa ya iji mee ka onye ọrịa kwụsị ma dịkwuo mma na ụdị ọrịa nke abụọ. Ihe a site na okike ya bụ homonụ nke nwere ike imetụta metabolism nke carbohydrate na obere usoro.

Dị ka ọ na-adị, pancreas na-emepụta insulin zuru ezu, nke na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara shuga. Ma enwere nsogbu endocrine dị egwu, naanị ohere iji nyere onye ọrịa aka bụ ịgba insulin insulin kpọmkwem.

O di nwute, o gaghi ekwe omume iji ya were onu ya mee ihe (dika mbadamba ihe), ebe obu na oghachaala ya ma gbue ya.

Nkwadebe sitere na akụrụngwa sitere na anụ anụmanụ

Inweta homonụ a site na ezumike nke ezì na ehi bụ teknụzụ ochie ejiri nke a anaghị eji taa.

Nke a bụ n'ihi ogo dị ala nke ọgwụ a natara, ọ na-eme ka mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị na ogo adịghị ọcha.

Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ebe ọ bụ na homonụ ahụ bụ ihe nwere protein, o mejupụtara otu amino asịd.

Insulin a na-eme n’anụ ezì dị iche n’ihe mejupụtara amino acid na insulin nke mmadụ site na 1 amino acid, na insulin bovine site na 3.

Na mbido na n'etiti narị afọ nke iri abụọ, mgbe ọgwụ ọgwụ ndị dị otu a adịghị, ọgwụ insulin dị otu a bụ ihe nbilata nke ọgwụ ma nyekwa ohere ịgwọ ndị ọrịa mamịrị ọhụụ. Hormones nke usoro a nwetara belata ọbara shuga, n'agbanyeghị, ha na-ebutekarị nsonaazụ na nfụkasị ahụ.

Ọdịiche nke ihe mejupụtara amino acid na adịghị mma na ọgwụ ahụ metụtara ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa, karịchaa, n'akụkụ ndị ọrịa (ụmụaka na ndị agadi) kachasị emetụta.

Ihe ọzọ mere eji anabata insulin dị otú ahụ adịghị mma bụ na ọnụnọ nke agbanyeghị ọrụ na ọgwụ (proinsulin), nke enweghị ike iwepụ na mgbanwe ọgwụ a.

Ugbu a, enwere insulins anụ ezi dị elu nke na-enweghị mmejọ ndị a. A na - enweta ha site na pancreas nke ezi, mana mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na - edobe ha na nhazi na nhicha ọzọ. Ha bụ ndị nwere ọtụtụ ihe ma nweekwa ndị e dere ede.

Insulin na-agbanwe n'ime anụ ezi emeghị ihe ọ bụla na mmiri ọgwụ mmadụ, yabụ, a ka na-eji ya eme ihe

A na-anabata ọgwụ ndị dị otú ahụ site na ndị ọrịa ka mma ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ha anaghị emeghachi omume na-adịghị mma, ha anaghị egbochi usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ ma belata shuga ọbara n'ụzọ dị irè. Ejighị insulin Bovine mee ọgwụ taa, ebe ọ bụ na n'ihi usoro ya si mba ọzọ, ọ na-emetụta akụkụ ahụ na-adịghị mma na sistem nke ahụ mmadụ.

Inyocha Inyocha Inyocha Ọgbọ

A na - enweta insulin nke mmadụ, nke a na - eji maka ndị ọrịa mamịrị, n'ọrịa ụlọ ọrụ n'ụzọ abụọ:

Ọnọdụ nchekwa insulin

• na-eji ọgwụ enzymatic porulin insulin eme ihe,
• na-eji ụdị usoro ọmụmụ nke Escherichia coli ma ọ bụ yist.

Site na mgbanwe physico-kemịkal, ụmụ irighiri mmiri nke porcine insulin n'okpuru ọrụ enzymes pụrụ iche ghọrọ insulin mmadụ. Ihe mejupụtara amino acid nke nkwadebe ya di iche adighi iche na homonụ eke nke emepụtara n’ahụ mmadụ.

N'oge usoro mmepụta ahụ, ọgwụ ahụ na-eme nsacha dị elu, yabụ ọ naghị akpata mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị ma ọ bụ ngosipụta ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma.

Mana ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-enweta insulin site na iji microorganisms gbanwetụrụ. N'iji usoro omumu ihe banyere ndu, nje ma obu otite na-agbanwe n’ime uzo ha n’onwe ha nwere ike isi meputa insulin.

Na mgbakwunye na mmepụta insulin n'onwe ya, ịdị ọcha ya na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa. Ka ọgwụ ahụ ghara ibute mmeghachi omume ọ bụla na mmeghachi ahụ, n'oge ọ bụla ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa ịdị ọcha nke nje microorganisms na ihe ngwọta niile, yana ihe eji eme ihe.

Enwere ụzọ abụọ maka mmepụta insulin dị otú ahụ. Nke izizi n’ime ha sitere n’ejiri udiri ihe abụọ dị iche iche (ụdị) nke otu microorganism.

Onye ọ bụla n’ime ha na-arụ ọrụ naanị otu olu nke molomonụ nke DNA (enwere nanị abụọ n’ime ha, ha na-agbagọkwa agbagọ).

A na-ejikọ agbụ ndị a, na nsonaazụ a na-esite na ya, ọ ga-ekwe omume ikewapụ insulin nọ n'ọrụ dị iche na nke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla dị ndụ.

Secondzọ nke abụọ iji nweta ọgwụ ahụ na Escherichia coli ma ọ bụ yist sitere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na microbe buru ụzọ mepụta insulin na-adịghị arụ ọrụ (ya bụ, onye bu ya ụzọ, proinsulin). Mgbe ahụ, n'iji ọgwụgwọ enzymatic, a na-emegharị ụdị a ma jiri ya na ọgwụ.

Ndị ọrụ nwere ohere ị nweta ụfọdụ ngwa agha kwesịrị iyi uwe na-enweghị nchebe, nke na-ewepụ kọntaktị ọgwụ ahụ na mmiri mmadụ.

Usoro ndị a na-akpaghị aka na-akpaghị aka, ikuku na akụkụ niile dị na kọntaktị na ampoules na vials na-enweghị atụ, ahịrị na akụrụngwa na-ekpuchi hermetically.

Zọ ihe omimi banyere ndu mmadu mere ka ndi sayensi chee echiche banyere uzo ozo maka oria.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, rue taa, a na-eduzi ọmụmụ izizi nke mmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke mmadụ, nke enwere ike nweta site na iji usoro injinị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Ikekwe n'ọdịniihu, a ga-eji ha iji melite ọrụ nke akụkụ a na onye ọrịa.

Mmepụta nke usoro insulin nke oge a bụ usoro teknụzụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere akpaaka na obere enyemaka mmadụ

Ihe ndi ozo

Mmepụta nke insulin na-enweghị ndị na-ahụ maka ya na ụwa nke oge a bụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume iche, n'ihi na ha nwere ike melite akụrụngwa kemịkalụ ya, ịgbatị oge a na-arụ ọrụ ma nweta ogo dị ọcha.

Site na akụrụngwa ha, enwere ike kee ngwa ndị ọzọ niile klas ndị a:

• ndị na-egbu ọgwụ (ihe a na-eji iji nye ogologo oge nke ọgwụ ahụ),
• mmiri ọgwụ
• ndị na-eme ka a kwụsie ike, n'ihi nke a na-edozi acidity kachasị mma na ọgwụ ọgwụ.

Ihe mgbakwunye

Enwere insulins na-eme ogologo oge nke ọrụ ndu ha na-ewe awa 8 ruo 42 (ọ dabere na otu ọgwụ ahụ). A na - enweta nsonaazụ a n'ihi mgbakwunye nke ihe ndị pụrụ iche - ndị na - egbu ogologo oge iji gbasaa azịza. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji otu n'ime ogige ndị a eme ihe maka nzube a:

Ndi na-edozi ogologo oge nke ọgwụ a na-ahụ maka nhicha ahụ zuru oke ma na-enwekwa allergenic dị ala (dịka ọmụmaatụ, protamine). Nnu nnu a anaghịkwa emetụta ọrụ insulin ọ bụla na ọdịmma mmadụ.

Ndị nwere ọghọm n'ime mejupụtara insulin dị mkpa ka microbial flora ghara ịmụba n'oge a na-echekwa ya ma jiri ya mee ihe. Ihe ndị a na - echekwa ma chekwaa ọrụ nchekwa ọgwụ.

Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ na-ahụ homonụ site n'otu vial naanị ya onwe ya, ọgwụ ahụ nwere ike ịdịgide ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị.

N'ihi mmiri ọgwụ nje dị oke mma, ọ gaghị enwe mkpa ịtụfu ọgwụ a na-ejighị ya na-eme n'ihi ikike ịmụpụta ihe na ụmụ nje.

Enwere ike iji ihe ndị a dị ka ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ na mmepụta insulin:

Ọ bụrụ na ihe ngwọta nwere ion zinc, ha na - arụkwa ọrụ ọzọ dịka ihe nchekwa ọgwụ ha

Maka imepụta ụdị insulin ọ bụla, ụfọdụ mmiri ọgwụ na-adịghị mma. Ekwesịrị inyocha mmekọrịta ha na homonụ n'oge ule dị mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ihe nchekwa ahụ agaghị akpaghasị ọrụ ndu insulin ma ọ bụ na-emetụta ihe ndị dị na ya.

Ojiji eji eji emebe ihe n'ọtụtụ oge na-enye ohere ịnye homonụ ahụ n'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ tupu ya na mmanya ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ (onye na-emepụta na-ezo aka na nke a na ntuziaka).

Nke a na-eme ka nchịkwa nke ọgwụ ahụ dị mfe ma belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nhazi nkwadebe tupu ịgba ya n’onwe ya.

Ma nkwanye ugwu a na-arụ ọrụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ihe eji insulin na-arụ ọrụ ya nke ọma.

Stabilizer

Ihe ndozi dị mkpa ka pH nke ihe ngwọta ahụ wee nwee ike ijikwa otu ọkwa. Ichebe ọgwụ, ọrụ ya na nkwụsi ike nke ihe kemịkal na-adabere na ọkwa nke acidity. N'ime imepụta homonụ injection maka ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga, a na-ejikarị phosphates maka ebumnuche a.

Maka insulin na zinc, a naghị achọ ihe ịkwụdo nke ọma maka ihe ndozi, ebe ọ bụ na ion nke metal na-enyere aka mee ka nguzosi ike dị mkpa.

Ọ bụrụ na eji ha, mgbe ahụ, a na-eji mmiri ọgwụ ndị ọzọ eme ihe kama iji phosphates, ebe ọ bụ na ngwakọta nke ihe ndị a na-eduga ọdịda na ọgwụ adịghị mma.

Akụkụ dị mkpa egosiri na ndị na - eme ka ihe kwụsie ike bụ nchekwa na enweghị ike ịbanye na mmeghachi omume insulin.

Onye nwere endocrinologist tozuru oke kwesiri ime ihe banyere nhota nke ogwu ogwu ogbugba maka oria obula n’otu n’otu.

Ọrụ insulin abụghị naanị ịnọgide na-enwe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara, kamakwa ọ bụ imerụ akụkụ ahụ na sistem ndị ọzọ. Ọgwụ kwesịrị ịdị na-anọpụ iche, kemịkal na-adịghị ala ma ọkacha mma ị ga-akwụ ụgwọ.

Ọ dịkwa mma ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike ịgwakọta insulin ahọrọ ya na ụdị ya ndị ọzọ dabere na oge ha ga-eme ya.

Inweta insulin, ụzọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, Biotechnology - Usoro mmụta

1. Ihe owuwu na oru nke insulin 5

1.1. Ọdịdị nke irighiri insulin 5

1,2. Ihe ndu mmadu n’aru insulin 7

1.3. Insulin Biosynthesis 8

2. Nlekọta mkpụrụ ndụ insulin na-arụ ọrụ 10

2,1. Ojiji nke usoro inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe maka njikọta ọgwụ 10

2,2. Zọ Injinị Mkpụrụ Ọrịa 11

2,3. Mmepụta insulin injinịa mepụtara