Galindamycin gel: ntuziaka maka ojiji > Ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi

Nkọwa nke metụtara 13.03.2016

Aha Latin: Clindamycin
Koodu ATX: J01FF01
Arụ Ọrụ: Clindamycin (Clindamycin)
Emeputa: Hemofarm (Serbia), VERTEX (Russia)

Ihe mejupụtara achicha clindamycin akụrụngwa nọ n'ọrụ so na ya clindamycin(hydrochloride form), tinyekwara ihe ndi ozo: talc, lactose monohydrate, ọka ọka, steeti magnesium.

Ngwọta nwere clindamycin ihe mejupụtara (ụdị phosphate), yana ihe enyemaka: benzyl mmanya, disodium edetate, mmiri.

Udeme Clindamycin Ihe mejupụtara nwere clindamycin ihe dị n'ọrụ (n'ụdị phosphate), yana ihe inyeaka: macrogol 1500, castor oil, sodium benzoate, propylene glycol, emulsifier Nke 1.

Mpempe mwepụta

A na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ n'ụdị nke okpu ahihia, usọbọ na ude nwa.

Gelatin capsules nwere ahu na-acha odo odo na okpu uhie. N'ime ya nwere ntụ ntụ, nke nwere ike inwe agba ọcha ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha. Capsules juru n'ọnụ na blisters nke 8 PC., Na ngwugwu kaadiboodu maka blisters 2 dị otú ahụ.

Ngwọta ahụ, nke a na-ahụ maka ihe dị n'ime ma ọ bụ intramuscularly, na-apụta ìhè, ọ nwere ike enweghị ụcha ma ọ bụ na-acha odo odo. Ejiri ya na ampoules nke 2 ml. Na ngwungwu gbara agba nke ampoules 5, na ngwugwu kaadi nke ngwugwu 2.

Mmanụ nke ude 2% nwere ike ịnwe ọcha na-acha ọcha, na-acha edo edo. Ọ nwere okpukpo a na-esighi ike. Ọ dị n'ime akpa aluminom nke 20 g ma ọ bụ 40 g, a na-etinye ntinye ahụ na ngwugwu ahụ.

Omume ọgwụ

Mkpụrụ ahụ clindamycin bụ otu nke ọgwụ nje-linkoromamides. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta dị iche iche, bụ nje.

N'ime ahụ, ọ na-ejikọ aka na 50S nke ribosome ma na-egbochi njikọ protein n'ime microorganisms. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mmekọrita ya Staphylococcus spp., Ike kọmputa spp. (wezuga bụ Enterococcus spp.), Ahụ ike na-efe efe, anaerobic na microaerophilic gram-cocci, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium na-esi ísì ụtọ, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Mycoplasma spp., Bacteroides spp. (gụnyere Bacteroides melaningenicus na Bacteroides fragilis) Ọ na-egosipụtakwa mmezi megide anaerobic gram-positive, na-abụghị spore, bacilli.

Ọtụtụ ụdị na-emetụtakwa ihe a. Clostridium na-esi ísì ụtọ, mana ụdị clostridia ndị ọzọ (ọkachasị Clostridium tertium, Mkpụrụ ọgwụ Clostridium) gosiputa nguzogide ogwu a. Na nke a, ya na ọrịa na-akpasu iwe Clostridium spp.A na-atụ aro ka ị takenụ ọgwụ nje tupu ịmalite ọgwụgwọ.

Ofzọ eme ihe nke ọgwụ a na ụdị ọgwụ nje ya dị nso na lincomycin.

Ofdị nke clindamycin phosphate adịghị arụ ọrụ na vitro, agbanyeghị, ọ na-eme mmiri ngwa ngwa na vivo, ma guzobere clindamycin, nke na-egosipụta ọrụ antibacterial.

Pharmacokinetics na pharmacodynamics

A na - etinye Clindamycin kpamkpam na ngwa ngwa site na eriri afọ, mgbe ị na - eri nri, a na - anabata ihe na - agbada, ebe ịta ahụhụ nke ihe dị na plasma adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Penetrates banye na anụ ahụ na mmiri, na-agafere nke ọma site na BBB, mana ọ bụrụ na mbufụt nke ụbụrụ nke ụbụrụ, permeability na-abawanye.

Oke itinye uche na ọbara A na-ahụta ya mgbe a na-ewere ya ọnụ site na awa 0.75-1, ọ bụrụ na a na-eme nchịkwa intramuscular, mgbe elekere 1 na ndị ọrịa okenye na mgbe ọ gbasachara awa 3 na ụmụaka. Mgbe ejiri ya rụọ ọrụ intraven, a na-ahụ ọkwa kachasị elu na njedebe nke infusion.

Enwere ịgwọ ọrịa na ọbara maka elekere 8-12. Nkeji ọkara bụ awa 2.4. Metabolism pụtara imeju, ebe ọ nọ n'ọrụ na arụ ọrụ metabolites. Oge pụrụ ime ka ihe karịrị ụbọchị anọ gafere akụrụ na eriri afọ.

Mgbe etinyere intravaginally, ihe dị ka 3% nke ihe nchịkwa a na-anata usoro.

Ihe ngosi maka ojiji

A na-eji ngwọta Clindamycin na mbadamba nkume maka ọrịa na ọnọdụ ndị a:

ọrịa na-efe efe na mbufụt nke kpaliri site na ihe nke microorganisms maara clindamycin,
Ọrịa akụkụ nke akụkụ ENT, yana ọrịa na-efe efe nke akụkụ okuku ume na ala akụkụ okuku ume,
diphtheria, ọnya na-acha uhie uhie,
ọrịa urogenital
ọrịa ọnụ, ọnya afọ,
anụ ahụ dị nro na ọrịa anụ ahụ,
ọrịa mbufụt (isi anaerobic),
osteomyelitisnnukwu na-adịghị ala ala
endocarditis nje na-efe efe
nnabata maka igbochi ọpụpụ nke intraperitoneal na peritonitis mgbe mmerụ ahụ nke eriri afọ ma ọ bụ ọrịa traumatic (jikọtara ya na aminoglycosides).

A na-eji ude na gel Clindamycin mee ihe maka nje nje nje.

Ihe ngosi maka ojiji nke suppositories na clindamycin:

nje na-akpata nje, nke microorganisms na-akpasu iwe ahụ.

Ihe ngbanwe

Ihe eji eme ihe a bu contraindicated:

na ụkwara ume ọkụ,
na myasthenia gravis,
na ọnya afọ prick,
ya na oria ndi huru na oria n’enweghi oria (enweghi nke lactase, anagide ihe ndi galactose, glucose-galactose malabsorption),
na nke afọ ime na nye ara,
na nwata dị afọ 3, a na-egbochi nchịkwa afọ ime na intramuscular, mgbe ọ dị afọ 8, a na-egbochi nchịkwa nchịkwa Capsule,
mmetụta dị elu na akụkụ nke ọgwụ ahụ.

Edinyere ịdọ aka na ntị ka ndị mmadụ na-arịa oke akụrụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya, ndị ọrịa agadi.

Nsonaazụ

Mgbe ị na-a theụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrịa nwere ike ịnwe mmetụta ụfọdụ:

usoro nri: ọrịa dyspeptik, jaundice, esophagitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, hyperbilirubinemia, dysbiosisọrụ imeju na-arụ ọrụ,
sistem mọzụlụ: na oge ụfọdụ, enwere ike imebi usoro neuromuscular,
hematopoiesis: leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia,
ngosipụta nke ahu anataghiihe odide akpụkpọ anụ?, urticaria, mgbe ụfọdụ - dermatitis, ngosipụta anaphylactoid, eosinophilia,
obi na arịa ọbara: mgbe a na-ahazi otu esi edozi intravenously na ngwa ngwa - wedata ọbara mgbaliadịghị ike anya ntughari,
ngosipụta nke ime obodo: ngbanye na thrombophlebitis(na ntụtụ), iwe iwe,
nsogbu ndị ọzọ: superinfection.

Mgbe ị na-eji ude Clindamycin, mmetụta ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịmalite:

mmamiri: iyatesịt nke mucosa na vulva, kandụlỌkpụkpụ ọgbụgba, vulvovaginitis, trichomonas vaginitis, ọrịa nke nwanyi, nsogbu nke okirikiri, ọbara ọgbụgba, ihe mgbu, ọnyụnyụ ọbara, ọdịdị nke nzuzo, endometriosisglucosuria proteinuria,
ngosipụta ndị a na-ahụkarị: mgbu afọ na ọnya afọ, bloating, fungal na nje na-efe efe, isi ọwụwanku ume ojoo ọzịza mgbu, azụ mgbu nke afọ, ọrịa azụ nke akụkụ akụkụ azụ, azụ mgbu, Ngosipụta nfụkasị,
sistem eriri afọ: ọgbụgbọ afọ ọsịsa, afọ ntachivomiting flatulence, dyspepsia, nsogbu nri nri,
akpụkpọ integument: akpụkpọ ahụ itching, akpịrị, ọnya, kandụl, urticaria,
usoro endocrine: hyperthyroidism,
CNS: anya ntughari,
usoro iku ume: imi-imi.

Dodoụbiga ya ókè

Ọ bụrụ n ’ịdoụ ọgwụ gabigara ókè, mmetụta ọjọọ ahụ akọwara n’elu nwere ike ịka njọ. Kpọmkwem ọgwụ mgbochi ee e, ọ bụrụ na ị doụbiga ya ókè, a na-eme ọgwụgwọ Symptomatic.

Onweghi ihe omuma banyere oke ude. Ọ bụrụ n'ihe banyere ọgwụ ị theụ ọgwụ na-akpaghị aka, a pụrụ ịmalite inwe nsonaazụ nke na-esite na ọnụ a banye ya.

Mmekorita

Enwere mmụba na ọrụ nke streptomycin aminoglycosides, Gentamicin, Rifampicin mgbe ị na-ewere clindamycin.

Ọ na - eme ka mmetụta nke ndị na - eme ka anụ ahụ ghara ịdị nro, yana izu ike akwara, nke na - akpata n-anticholinergics.

Antagonism na chloramphenicol na Erythromycin.

Agaghị atụ aro ka ewere ya n'otu oge na ngwọta nke nwere ebe ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya vitamin otu B, phenytoins, aminoglycosides.

Enweghị ike ịkọ ọgwụ Clindamycin na ọgwụ antidiarrheal n'otu oge, ebe ọ bụ na ohere nke ịmalite ịrịa ọrịa pals na-abawanye.

Mgbe ejiri opioid mee ihe n'otu oge nyocha mmetụta nke nkụda mmụọ iku ume nwere ike ịba ụba, ruo na mmepe nsogbu ahu.

A na-ahụta nguzobe obe n'etiti lincomycin na clindamycin. A na - egosikwa ihe anagonism n'etiti erythromycin na clindamycin.

A naghị akwado ya iji ọgwụ ndị ọzọ maka nchịkwa intravaginal.

Ntụziaka pụrụ iche

Ngosiputa pseudomembranous colitis ga - ekwe omume ma n’usoro ị theụ ọgwụ, yana izu 2-3 mgbe emechara ọgwụgwọ. N’ọnọdụ a, mmadụ na-egosipụta onwe ya afọ ọsịsa, ahu ọkụ, leukocytosismgbu afọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ụdị mgbaàmà ndị a etolite, ịkwesịrị ịkagbu ọgwụ ahụ ma were ntụgharị ion. Na ọrịa colitis siri ike, ọ dị mkpa iji kwụọ ụgwọ mmiri furu efu, protein na electrolytes, iji nyefee oke oriri nke Vancomycin ma ọ bụ Metronidazole.

N'oge ọgwụgwọ, ịnweghị ike ị medicationsụ ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi mgbagha nke eriri afọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ụmụaka ga-eji ọgwụ ahụ ogologo oge, ịkwesịrị inyocha usoro ahụ oge ụfọdụ ọbara yana ọrịa imeju onye ọrịa. Mgbe ị na-a largeụ ọgwụ ndị dị ukwuu, clindamycin kwesịrị ịchịkwa ọbara plasma.

Ndi mmadu choputara na oke mmebi imeju kwesiri inwe ikike nchịkwa.

Tupu ịmalite ọgwụ intravaginally, ịkwesịrị iwepu ụlọ nyocha Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Candida albicans, Herpes simplex, nke na-akpatakarị mmepe nke vulvovaginitis.

Mgbe ị na-eji clindamycin intravaginally, enwere ike ịbawanye ụba nke microorganisms na-enweghị mmetụta, akpan akpan yist-fungi.

Ebe enwere ike ịicụ ọgwụ ole na ole ị drugụ ọgwụ ahụ, afọ ọsịsa nwere ike ịmalite site na iji ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ude. N'okwu a, akagbuola ngwá ọrụ ahụ.

Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na n'oge ọgwụgwọ ị ga-ezere inwe mmekọahụ ma ghara iji ọgwụ ndị ọzọ maka iji intravaginal.

Ngwakọta ọgwụ a nwere ihe nwere ike ime ngwaahịa ngwaahịa roba, latex belata. Yabụ, anaghị atụ aro ka ya na condom, diaphragms na ọgwụ mgbochi ndị ọzọ site na latex.

Onweghi ike inya ugboala ma obu ime ihe ndi ozo choro itinye uche.

N'oge ime na lactation

Nwere ike iji ọgwụ intravaginally na ụmụ nwanyị nọ n’ime ọnwa nke abụọ na nke atọ nke afọ ime. N'ime ọnwa mbụ nke ịtụrụ ime, a na-enye ya ọgwụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na uru a tụrụ anya gafere ihe mmerụ ahụ ọ bụla site na iji ude ma ọ bụ ọgwụ. N'oge a na-enye nwa ara, ị kwesịrị iji nlezianya tụọ uru ndị ị na-atụ anya ya na ọghọm gị. Jiri ngwaahịa a naanị n'okpuru nlekọta nke dọkịta.

Nsonaazụ

Ntụziaka ahụ dọrọ aka ná ntị na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịzụlite mmetụta ndị a na-esote mgbe ị na-ede akwụkwọ clindamycin:

dara ụtọ n'ọnụ ke inua, phlebitis (ya na intravenous ochichi na elu doses),
ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, afọ ọsịsa, afọ mgbu,
ihe ịtụnanya nke esophagitis (site na iji mbadamba clindamycin),
mụbara bilirubin na ọrụ ịba ọcha n'anya
dizzness, adịghị ike, belatara ọbara mgbali elu (ya na nchịkwa ngwa ngwa)
ọnya na-efe efe,
kandụl.

N'ọnọdụ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, ọ nwere ike ịkpalite mmepe nke ọrịa jaundice na ọrịa imeju, yana ịmegharị thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia na agranulocytosis.

N'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, mmeghachi omume mpaghara nwere ike ịme (iwe iwe na ebe a na-agba ọgwụ, mmepe nke etuto ahụ ma ọ bụ infiltrate).

Igwe Clindamycin nwere ike ibute mgbakasị ahụ na ntinye akwụkwọ, yana mmepe mmepe kọntaktị dermatitis. Site n'iji ogologo oge, mmetụta ndị dị n'ụdị nwere ike ịmalite.

Topdị usoro ọgwụ ahụ (suppositories na ude) nwere mmetụta ọjọọ ndị dị ka vaginitis, cervicitis na vulvovaginal irritation.

Site na nghọta nke mmadụ, mmeghachi omume nfụkasị nwere ike ịmalite - urticaria, erythema multiforme, ahụ ọkụ, ụbụrụ Quincke, ma ọ bụ ujo anacticlactic.

Ọrịa pseudomembranous colitis nwere ike ime ma mgbe ị na-ewere clindamycin, yana izu 2-3 mgbe ịkwụsị ọgwụgwọ (3-15% nke ikpe). Ọ na-egosipụta onwe ya dị ka afọ ọsịsa, leukocytosis, ahụ ọkụ, afọ mgbu (mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eso ya na excretion na fecal pụta n'ọbara na imi).

Ihe ngbanwe

A machibidoro ya idebe clindamycin n'ọnọdụ ndị a:

myasthenia gravis
ụkwara ume ọkụ,
ọnya afọ akwara
Ọrịa na - adịghị ahụkebe maka ọrịa, dịka ụyọkọ galactose, ụkọ lactase ma ọ bụ glucose-galactose malabsorption (maka mọstas),
ime na lactation,
afọ ụmụaka ruo afọ atọ - maka ihe ngwọta maka nchịkwa intraus na intramuscular (n'ihi ụkọ data na nchekwa nke iji mmanya benzyl),
afọ ụmụaka rue afọ 8 maka okpu (obere nwata na-erughị 25 n'arọ),
hypersensitivity.

A na-eji Clindamycin eme ihe na nlezianya na ndị ọrịa nwere nnukwu ịba ọcha n'anya na / ma ọ bụ ọdịda na-ada, na ndị ọrịa agadi.

N'oge ọgwụgwọ, ịnweghị ike ị medicationsụ ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi mgbagha nke eriri afọ.

Dodoụbiga ya ókè

Ọ bụrụ na ị doụbiga ya ókè, mmetụta ọ na-akpata nwere ike ịka njọ.

A na-eme ọgwụgwọ Symptomatic, enweghị ọgwụ mgbochi akọwapụtara. Ọkpụkpụ akụrụngwa na akwara ozi na adịghị ike.

Ọgwụ Farmacology

Ọ dabere na ngalaba 50S ribosomal nke microbial ma gbochie njikọ nke protein nke microorganisms nwere mmetụta. Ọ nwere mmetụta nke nje na-akpata, n'ọtụtụ nnukwu yana dabere na microorganisms nwere oke mmetụta ọ nwere ike igosipụta nsị nke nje. Dika usoro ihe eji eme ihe na ogwu ihe nlere anya, o di nso na lincomycin (na udiri umu anakpo abuo a kariri 2-10).

Mgbe ejiri okwu clindamycin na-ekwu okwu, hydrochloride na-enweta ngwa ngwa na nke ọma site na ngịga nri (ka mma karịa lincomycin), bioavailability bụ 90%, ingestion n'otu oge na-akwụsị ịmịcha iwe, na-enweghị ịgbanwe ogo njigide. Nchịkọta protein bụ 92–94%. Ọ na - abanye n’arụ mmiri, akụkụ ahụ na anụ ahụ nke anụ ahụ gụnyere akwara, akwara na ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ (ihe dị ka 40% ịta ọbara), bronchi, ngụgụ, pleura, mmiri nke mmiri (50-90%), bile, ihe ntinye, akwara ndị nwere oghere, prostate gland, mmiri synovial (50%), osimiri sputum (30-75%), mwepu nke ọnya. Ọ na-agafe na-adịghị mma site na BBB (ya na mbufụt nke meninges, ikike BBB na-abawanye). Olu nkesa n'ime ndị okenye ruru 0.66 l / n'arọ, na ụmụaka - 0.86 l / kg. Ọ na - agafe n’ime Plasenta na - aga n’ihu, a hụrụ n’ọbara nwa ebu n’afọ (40%), na - abanye n’ara ara (50-100%).

Clindamycin palmitate na clindamycin phosphate adịghị arụ ọrụ, ha na-eme ngwa ngwa ahụ n'ime ahụ gaa na clindamycin nọ n'ọrụ.

C_max N'okwu ọbara, a na-enweta ya mgbe 0.75-1 h, mgbe nchịkwa m gasịrị - mgbe 3 h (ndị okenye) ma ọ bụ 1 h (ụmụaka), na-enweta n / v infusion - site na njedebe nke nchịkwa. A na-emegharị ya na imeju site na nguzobe (N-dimethylclindamycin na clindamycin sulcamide) na metabolites na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. A ga - apịpụ ya n’ime mkpụrụ ụbọchị anọ iji mmamịrị (10%) ma n’azu eriri afọ (3.6%) dị ka nkewa ji arụ ọrụ, ndị nke ọzọ dịka metabolites na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. Ndi_1/2 ya na ọrụ ndị nkịtị na-anọkarị n'etiti ndị okenye bụ awa 2.4-3, n’ime ụmụ aka na ụmụ okenye - awa nke 2.5 - 2, n’oge ụmụ aka akụrụ - awa 6.3-8.6. arụ ọrụ ọria na-adịghị ala ala, ịchụpụ clindamycin na-akwụsịlata (T_1/2 n'ime ndị okenye - awa 3-5. Ọ dịghị akpọnwụ.

Site na nchịkwa intravaginal nke 100 mg nke clindamycin phosphate n'ụdị 2% ude ntutu 1 oge kwa ụbọchị maka ụbọchị 7 n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 5 nwere nje nje, sistem sistemụ bụ ihe dịka 5% (na ọnụọgụ 2-8%) nke nchịkwa. Nha C_max n’ụbọchị mbụ - ihe dịka 13 ng / ml (site na 3 ruo 34 ng / ml), n’ụbọchị nke asaa - nkezi nke 16 ng / ml (site na 7 ruo 26 ng / ml), T_max - odika awa iri na isii (n’ogodi nke 8 ruo awa iri abụọ na asatọ) ma etinyechaa ya. Site na iji usoro intravaginal ugboro ugboro, sisitemu sistemụ anọghị ma ọ bụ nke enweghị ọrụ. Ndi_1/2 ya na inabata usoro - 1.5-2.6 awa

Mgbe ị na-eji clindamycin phosphate intravaginally n'ụdị suppositories na dose nke 100 mg otu ugboro maka ụbọchị 3, ihe dị ka 30% (6-70%) nke nchịkwa na-abanye n'ime mgbasa usoro, yana nkezi AUC nke 3.2 μg / h / ml (0.42-1 μg / h / ml). C_max O ruru ihe dị ka awa 5 (awa 1-10) mgbe nlekọta nke nwa nwanyị.

Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka gel maka iji clindamycin na-eme ihe, phosphate na-agba mmiri ngwa ngwa site na phosphatases n'ime akwara gland sebaceous with the clindamycin. Enwere ike itinye obi gel n'ọtụtụ na-akpata nsonaazụ sistem.

Nnọọ mmetụta na clindamycin in vitro microorganisms ndị a: cocci aerobic gram-positive, gụnyere Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus ep> gụnyere ụdị na-emepụta ma na-anaghị emepụta penicillinase ( in vitro a chọpụtara ngwa ngwa ngha nke clindamycin n'ụfọdụ starylococcal erythromycin na -eche ụdị), Ike kọmputa spp. (ewezuga Streptococcus faecalis), Pneumococcus spp.,. anaerobic gram-badilli bacilli, gụnyere Bactero> gụnyere otu ahụ B. fragilis na ndi otu B. melaninogenicus), Fusobacterium spp., na-abụghị spore anaerobic gram-nti bacilli, gụnyere Propionibacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., Actinomyces spp., anaerobic na microaerophilic gram-cocci ọma, gụnyere Peptococcus spp.,Peptostreptococcus spp., Microaerophilic Streptococcus spp., Clostridia spp. (Clostridia na-eguzogide clindamycin karịa ọtụtụ anaerobes ndị ọzọ). Ọtụtụ Clostridium na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere mmetụta na clindamycin, mana ụdị ndị ọzọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ C. sporogenes na C. ụlọ akwụkwọ, mgbe niile na-eguzogide ọgwụ na clindamycin, yabụ, nnwale nnwapụta dị mkpa.

Na nnukwu doses, eme ihe na ụfọdụ protozoa (Plasmodium falciparum).

Egosiputa nguzogide n'etiti clindamycin na lincomycin na mbuso agha n'etiti clindamycin na erythromycin.

Na ọnọdụ in vitro clindamycin na-arụ ọrụ megide ọtụtụ ụdị microorganisms ndị na-esonụ na-akpata nje bacteria: Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., Mycoplasma hominis, Bacteroides spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. Clindamycin maka iji ọgwụ intravaginal ezughị oke maka ọgwụgwọ nke vulvovaginitis kpatara Trichomonas vaginalis,Chlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Candida albicans ma ọ bụ nje Herpes simplex.

Mmetụta mgbochi anụ ahụ maka iji ihe dị na mpụga bụ ma ọ bụrụ na n'ihi clindamycin na -ebelata ịta abụba n'efu na anụ ahụ yana na-egbochi imepụta. Propionibacterium acnes - Anaerobic achọtara n'ime gland na follic. A na-egosipụta ezi uche nke ụdị nyocha niile emere. P. acnes na clindamycin in vitro (MIC 0.4 μg / ml).

Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, na-ebute ọmụmụ

Emebeghi ihe omumu ogologo oge iji nyochaa ihe nwere ike nke clindamycin. Achọpụtaghị ọrụ Mutagenic na ule Ames na nnwale micronuclear na oke. A hụrụ mmetụta ọjọọ na ọmụmụ nwa na ike nke mkpụrụ osisi na oke na-anata nkọ clindamycin na usoro ọnụọgụ ruo 300 mg / kg / ụbọchị (ihe dịka 1.6 ugboro dị elu karịa MPD na usoro mg / m 2).

Ime Na omumu omumu banyere umu anumanu (oke, oke) site na iji ogwu nke clindamycin rue 600 mg / kg / ubochi (3.2 na 1.6 ugboro MPDs karie n ’mg / m 2, n’otu n’otu) ma obu sc na doses ruo 250 mg / kg / ụbọchị (oge 1.3 na 0.7 dị elu karịa MPDC na usoro mg / m 2, n'otu n'otu) achọpụtaghị mmetụta teratogenic. N'otu nnwale na ụmụ oke, achọpụtara ọdịiche nke palate na nwa ebu n’afọ (ekwenyeghị nsonaazụ a na nnwale ndị ọzọ na anụmanụ na ụmụ oke.

Ime na lactation

N’ime afọ ime, ọ ga - ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na atụghị anya ọgwụgwọ ga - akarị n’ihe ike nwa ebu n’afọ (enweghị ọmụmụ zuru oke ma na - achịkwa nke ọma na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, clindamycin gafere n’etiti Plasenta ma nwee ike itinye uche na imeju nwa ebu n’afọ, mana enwebeghị nsogbu na mmadụ). Nnyocha amabeghị ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwọ nke nje nje na-ebelata ohere dị njọ na nseta arụ dị ka ntopute nke membranes, oge ọrụ ịmụ nwa, ma ọ bụ ịmụpụta nwa.

FDA emereme na nwa ebu n’afọ - B.

Ekwesịrị ịkpachara anya mgbe a na-eji ya ara (a maghị ma clindamycin na-abanye na mmiri ara mgbe a na-etinye ya na mpụga, ma a na-ahụ ya na mmiri ara ara mgbe a na-ekwuchara ya ma ọ bụ mgbe a na-achịkwa ya).

Pharmacodynamics na pharmacokinetics

Clindamycin na-abanye nke ọma na mgbasa ozi mmiri niile, anụ ahụ dị nro nke ahụ na ọkpụkpụ. Ọgwụ ahụ na-egbochi njikọ nke protein n’ahụ́ sel nke pathogenic microorganisms, na-egosipụta mmetụta bacteriostatic na mmetụta nje. Enwere ọtụtụ nje na-eguzogide ọgwụ a:

Ọrịa ndị nje ndị a na-akpata

nje bacteria na - adịghị ahụ n'anya

meningitis, bacteremia, dysbiosis

botulism, tetanus, gangrene gas, ọrịa ọrịa Clostridial

A na-achọpụta ntinye uche nke ọgwụ kachasị n'ọbara na nchịkwa ọnụ ka ngwa ngwa karịa nchịkwa intramuscular. Mkpụrụ ahụ nọ n'ọrụ na-abanye n'ọbara 1-3 awa mgbe ị (ụsịrị ọgwụ ahụ. Mgbe o ruru ebe ahụ ọrịa, a na-edobe ya n'ahụ ahụ ihe dị ka awa iri na abụọ, ebe ihe dị ka 90% nke ihe ahụ na-ejikọ na protein nke microorganisms pathogenic. Ọmụmụ ọgwụ nyochabeghị ekpughere mkpokọta ihe ọgwụ dị n'ọrụ ahụ. Ọ na-edozi ya. A na - ekeji Metabolites kpamkpam ka ụbọchị anọ gachara mmamịrị, bile na feces.

Usoro onunu ogwu na nhazi

Ọgwụ Antibiotic dị n’okpuru nlekọta nke dọkịta. Nhọrọ nke ụdị ọgwụ ahụ, usoro ya na oge nchịkwa ya, dabere na:

afọ ime
ọdịmma ya
mpaghara ọrịa nke anụ ahụ,
ogo nke ọrịa,
na uche nke pathogen ka n'ọrụ umi nke ọgwụ.

Maka ọrịa nke na-edina nwoke, ọ bụ ọgwụ ude ka n'ụdị ude ka enyere ya iwu. A na-etinye ihe chọrọ itinye ihe ọ ga-atụfu (tinye ya) na tube nke ude ma jupụta na ya. Iji mee nke a, pịa na tube na-enweghị adọtị piston nke onye na-achọ ya. Otu ọgwụ ọgwụ a (5 mg) na-abanye n’ime ikpu otu ugboro n’ụbọchị tupu ị lakpuo ụra. Ogologo oge ọgwụgwọ bụ 7 ụbọchị.

Maka ndị okenye, a na-eji ihe ngwọta maka irighiri intramuscular (intravenous) mee ihe ugboro 2 n'ụbọchị, 300 mg nke ọ bụla. Site na oke ọrịa ahụ, mmụba na usoro ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị ruo 2700 mg ga-ekwe omume. Ejiri ya wee kee ya ụzọ atọ. N'okwu a, otu nchịkwa ekwesịghị ịfe 600 mg. Mụaka dị afọ atọ ka etinyere 15-25 mg kwa 1 n'arọ nke ịdị arọ ma kewaa akụkụ dị n ’ụzọ inje dị na 3-4. Na nnukwu oria, a na-a increasedụ onunu ogwu nke umu aka rue 40 mg kwa ubochi.

Maka iji intravenous ọgwụ, ọgwụ a gwakọtara ya na nza nke 0.9% sodium chloride ma ọ bụ 5% dextrose na mkpesa na-erughị 6 mg / ml. A na-emezi usoro ga-esi na ya pụta site na nkeji iri ruo nkeji iri isii (ọ dabere na dose). Oke nke ekwesiri ịche maka otu ọgwụ mgbochi bụ 1.2 g. Ọ bụrụ na-elele oge dị n'etiti awa asatọ n’etiti ndị na-efe efe, a na-edenye ndị ọrịa nwere obere akwara (hepatic) oke ka ọ dị ị usualụ ọgwụ a.

Undermụaka na-erubeghị afọ iri 12 agaghị enye ọgwụ mgbochi ọgwụ capsule. Usoro onunu ogwu maka ndi oria n’agba ozo bu ndi a.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnabata kwa ụbọchị

Nkezi ogo nke ọrịa ahụ, ọnụọgụ nke capsules (PC.)

Oké ọrịa nke ọrịa, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke capsules (PC.)

A na-eji supintitoryce nke Clindamycin agwọ ọrịa 1 oge kwa ụbọchị tupu ụra. Na onodu supine, odi nkpa ka ijigide suppository miri n’ime ikpu. Usoro ahụ bụ ụbọchị 3-7.

Usoro mkpali n’akpụkpọ ahụ yana ọrịa nje na-esonyere ya n’akpata ihe otutu. Maka ọrịa anụ, dọkịta nwere ike ịkọwa ọgwụ capsules na gel maka ọgwụgwọ oge. A na-eji mmanụ otite na clindamycin mee ihe maka mpụga. A na-etinye gel ahụ na akwa dị mkpa na ọnya na mpaghara nwere ihe ọkụ ọkụ mgbe ọ sachara akpụkpọ ahụ.

Na nwata

Mụaka na-erubeghị afọ asatọ ka ana-enye ọgwụ mgbochi ọgwụ n'ụdị sirop. Ebumnuche ezi na-akwadoro maka onwe nke syrup (nkwusioru). A ga-eji vilil 60 mmiri mee ka vial ahụ kpuchie elu ya ma maa jijiji nke ọma. Ngụkọta nke ọgwụ a dabere na ogo ahụ na afọ nwata ahụ. Ofbọchị ị ofụ ọgwụ mmiri ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị maka ụmụaka gafere ọnwa 1 bụ 8-25 mg kwa kilogram nke ibu, kewara n'ime usoro 4. Obere pere mpe maka ụmụaka ndị na-erughị 10 n'arọ bụ 37 mg (1/2 ngaji) kwa awa asatọ.

A na-enye ụmụaka ọgwụ nje a kapịrị ọnụ:

Mkparịta ụka ọgwụ ọjọọ

Clindomycin, mgbe gị na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-emekọrịta ihe, mgbe ụfọdụ na-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma n'ahụ ahụ onye ọrịa. Ekwesiri iburu nke a n'uche mgbe ị na-ede akwụkwọ ọgwụ ahụ na ọgwụ mgbagwoju anya:

Adabaghị na barbiturates. Amachibidoro iji ọgwụ ejikọta ọnụ.
Na - eme ka izu ike nke muscle sitere na n-anticholinergic blockers.
Ọ bụ ọgụ megide erythromycin na chloramphenicol.
Njikọ aka nke Fortum nwere mmetụta na-egbu egbu na akụrụ.
Na-eme ka aminoglycosides mee ihe.
Drugsnweta ọgwụ antidiarrheal nwere ike ibute ọrịa pseudomembrane.
Ọ na - echu ume iku ume (rue apnea) mgbe ejikọtara ya na usoro nyocha nke usoro opium.
Ọ kwekọghị na nkwadebe ndị ọzọ.

Usoro ire na ebe nchekwa

Enwere ike ịzụta Clindamycin n'ụdị niile n'ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ site na ndenye ọgwụ. Chekwaa n’ebe di omimi, ma o bugodi nke umu aka. Ndụ ndụ nke ọgwụ a n'ụdị:

ihe ngwọta maka nchịkwa intravenous na intramuscular - afọ abụọ site na ụbọchị a rụpụtara (nke egosipụtara na ampoule ọ bụla na ngwugwu),
capsules - afọ 3,
ude - afọ 2,
kandụl - afọ 3.

Ọ bụrụ na iji clindamycin agaghị ekwe omume n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ, dọkịta ahụ depụtara analogues ya:

Klindatop. Mkpụrụ osisi gel maka usoro iji gwọọ ụdị ọrịa otutu.
Klimitsin. Ọ dị n'ụdị granules maka nkwadebe nke syrup nwa.
Dalacin. A na enweta ya n’ụdị capsules, injection, granules, gel, ude ma ọ bụ suppositories.
Zerkalin. Ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke otutu.