Nkwadebe nke Clinid Starlix, Novonorm - ndị na - ahazi ọbara ọgbụgba
N'adịghị ka nateglinide (Starlix), repaglinide (Novonorm) abụghị naanị na-ebelata postprandial ngwa ngwa, kamakwa glycemia na-ebu ọnụ, ebe ọ bụ na njikọ ya na SUR receptor dị ogologo. Mana ụdị dịkarịsịrị nta na-ebute mmeghachi omume hypoglycemic, mana n'otu oge ahụ nsonaazụ ya na ọkwa HbA1c dịkwa ntakịrị. Ha dị mma nke ukwuu a na-akpọ “naive” dịtụ sulfanilamides ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus, i.e. n'ime ndị na-enwetabeghị ọgwụ sulfa.
Ihe na-egosi. Enwere ike ịtụle Glinids dị ka ịmalite ọgwụgwọ maka T2DM, karịsịa na ndị nwere hyperglycemia postprandial dịpụrụ adịpụ na mgbado nri glycemic, nke nri na-arụ ọrụ na mmega ahụ zuru oke na-akwado. Ndị nwere oghere mmeri maka ọgwụgwọ glinid nwere ike ịbụ ndị ọrịa na-atụ egwu mmepe nke hypoglycemia, karịchaa, ndị agadi. Ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ndị ọrịa anaghị erikarị nri ụbọchị (1-2 ugboro), mana n'otu oge ahụ na-eri oke akụkụ. Enwere ike iji ha na ndị ọrịa nwere ihe nfụkasị nke sulfonamides, ebe ọ bụ na usoro kemịkal adịghị emetụta ha.
Mmetụta mmịnye shuga nke glinides n’ozuzu ha, nke ọnụego HbA 1 c na-atụle, bụ nke pụtara n’ụzọ dị ala karịa nke sulfanilamides ma bụrụkwa 0.7-1.5% n’ime ndị ọrịa na-aza ọgwụgwọ. A nwekwara ike ịkọwa glinides yana ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na - ewetata shuga, n’ezie, ewezuga sulfonamides, bụ nke ha nwere otu ọrụ ha na - eme na beta cell. N'ihi otu ihe a, mmadụ ekwesịghị ịtụ anya n’aka ha mmetụta ọ ga-enwe n’arụ ndị ọrịa sulfonamides tụfuru mmetụta ha ma ọ bụ n’onye na-eguzogide sulfanilamides.
Na mkpokọta, ọghọm nke ụrọ dị ụrọ bụ mkpa nke otutu onunu mgbe ụbọchị, nke nwere ike iwetulata HbA 1 s karịa nke sulfonamides na ọnụahịa dị elu.
Ihe mgbochi na mgbochi. A machibidoro glinides na ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus nke 1, mgbe onye ọrịa ahụ tolitere ketoacidosis ma ọ bụ nwee mmụọ ịmara ha, yana ụmụaka (enweghị data na nchekwa ha n'ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ). Ha nwere ike ibute hypoglycemia, tumadi na ndị ọrịa nwere hepatic, adrenal ma ọ bụ pituitary insufficiency, na ndị ọrịa ebelatawo ma daa. Glinides dị ala karịa nke sulfonamides na-akpata hypoglycemia ma na-abụkarị ndị ọrịa na-enwetabeghị ọgwụ hypoglycemic ọ bụla na HbA 1 c
Egosiwo glinids n’oge afọ ime na inye ụmụ ara, ọ bụ ezie na egosighi ya na ọ nwere mmetụta teratogenic, kama ọ na - ebute nrụrụ ọsịsọ n’oge afọ ime na n’ara n’afọ ụmụaka na ụmụ aka. Naanị ụfọdụ ụmụ anụmanụ ehiberela mmiri mmiri a na-a claụ mmiri, mana a naghị eme nnyocha ndị dị otú ahụ na ụmụ nwanyị nọọsụ. Na nke a, ha na-contraindicated n'oge ara.
Enwere ike ịkọwa glinides maka ọdịda akụrụngwa na-enweghị mmachi ọ bụla.
N'ime ndị nwere nsogbu ịba ọcha n'anya, a na-atụgharị glinides na enweghị mgbochi, mana metabolism ha nwere ike belata na ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa, nke na-eme ka mmụba shuga nke glinids belata ma nwee ike belata ma ọ bụ nchịkwa ha na oge buru ibu. Na oké imeju okpu, ha contraindicated (ọmụmụ a ụdị ndị ọrịa na-emebeghị eduzi).
Agadi agadi na okike anaghị emetụta metabolism nke ụrọ na ya mere ha enweghị ihe mgbochi na afọ na okike.
Achọpụtara hypoglycemia, ọrịa akụkụ akụkụ akụkụ iku ume nke elu, sinusitis, ọgbụgbọ, afọ ọsịsa, afọ ntachi, ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, ibu ibu, na isi ọwụwa bụ otu n'ime mmetụta ndị na-adịghị mma a na-ahụ na glinids.
Ozi izugbe
Meglitinides (usoro nke benzoic acid) bụ klas ọhụrụ nke ọgwụ na-eme ka insulin na-agbasa. Meglitinides gụnyere ọgwụ ọgwụ dịka repaglinide na nateglinide.
Usoro nke meglitinides nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe ha mere na chanel K + ATP. N'okpuru mmetụta nke meglitinides, a na-emechi ọwa K +, ohere nke β-sel na-eme ka glucose na-abawanye, si otú a na-abawanye ụba insulin na nzaghachi na ụba glycemia.
Otu ihe dị mkpa meglitinides bụ na site n’enyemaka ha, a na-eweghachi mmalite nke insulin insulin, ma, n’ihi oge dị mkpirikpi, hyperinsulinemia dị ogologo anaghị etolite.
Otu ihe dị na pharmacokinetics nke meglitinides bụ ikike ha nwere itinye uche na eriri afọ n'ime obere oge.
N'ime ọbara, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ụkpụrụ sulfonylurea na meglitinides na-ejikọ na protein plasma (90-99%). Meglitinides, n'ụzọ megidere, na-etinye obi gị dum, na-amalite ime ihe ma wepu ya ngwa ngwa, nke a bụkwa nnukwu uru ha. Omume ha na-amalite naanị nkeji ole na ole mgbe mmachara, mana ọ na-adị naanị otu awa, yabụ a na-eji meglitinides mee nri ọ bụla.
A na-eme metabolism nke meglitinides, a na-ewepụ ọgwụ karịa tumadi site na eriri afọ, nke na-enye ha ohere iji ya na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 nwere nkwarụ na-adịghị ala ala.
Tab. Pharmfọdụ ọgwụ ọgwụ nke meglitinides
Ọgwụ | Bioavailability,% | Na-ejikọ protein protein, | Ọkara-ndụ, h | Oge omume, h | Thezọ kpochapụ,% |
Na-atụgharị | 56 | 98 | 1 | 2-3 | Hepatic - 90 |
Otu | 73 | 98 | 1,5 | 2-3 | Renal - 90 |
Ihe omuma nke uzo nke ime ihe na ogwu achoputara meglitinides ka ha weghachite onwe ha nke oma na ọgwụgwọ nke oria oria abuo. N'ihi njirimara ndị a, otu a nwetara aha ya abụọ - prandial glycemic regulators.
N'iji ya tụnyere ihe dị na sulfonylurea, meglitinides dị ala na postprandial glycemia dị ala karịa, mana ha na-ebelata ọkwa nke ibu glycemia.
A na-ebu Meglitinides ozugbo tupu nri, ma ọ bụ jiri nri, ma ọ bụ nkeji ole na ole mgbe nri gasịrị. Ọkwa insulin na-alaghachi na ọnwa atọ mbụ ebesịrị meglitinides, nke na-eyi izozi insulin na insulin maka nri oriri ma na-ebelata ohere nke hypoglycemia n'etiti nri.
N'ihi ya, ọgwụ ndị a na-eme ka onye ọrịa nwee usoro dị mma maka okwu banyere nnabata. N'ihe banyere iri nri, ọgwụ na-amapụ. Nke a dị ezigbo mkpa maka ndị ọrịa na-eto eto na-ebute ụzọ ndụ, n'ihi ọ bụrụ na ejiri agwọ ọrịa sulfonylurea, a ga - enwe nsogbu nke hypoglycemia na nke a.
N'inye ọnụ ahịa ọgwụ dị elu, ihe kachasị dị na ya bụ nhọpụta ya na mgbakwunye metformin maka ndị ọrịa ahụ nke metformin monotherapy ekweghị enyeghachi ụgwọ ọrịa ahụ na-eju afọ, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ ọkwa postprandial glycemia dị elu. Agbanyeghị, enwere ike iji meglitinides mee ihe dị ka monotherapy (arụmọrụ ahụ kwekọrọ na usoro sulfonylurea) ma ọ bụ na njikọta na thiazolidinediones.
Ndị ọrịa na-anabatakarị Meglitinides. Nsonaazụ kachasị emetụta ọgwụ nke otu akọwara bụ hypoglycemia.
Ekemede glinides
Ndị nnọchi anya otu a gụnyere:
Aha nke ihe eji eme ihe | Omumaatu Ahia | Ihe omume ndi ozo |
Na-atụgharị | Prandin, Enyglid, Anwụ Satọde |
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Otu | Starlix (Starlix) |
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Na-arụ ọrụ usoro
Ọgwụ ndị dị na otu a na - arụ ọrụ na mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke pancreas. Ọgwụ a na - esite na ya na - esonye na protein pụrụ iche akpọrọ SUR1 receptor, nke dị na mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke pancreas ma, ya mere, na - akpali insulin nke insulin.
Ya mere, ihe dị na sulfonylurea (i.e., gliclazide, glycoverone, glimepiride) nwere otu protein.
Olee otú glinids si eme ihe
Ihe di iche na ihe ndi ozo nke ihe ndi ozo na ihe ichoro bu ihe ndi ozo bu na ndi ozo n’egwuregwu ngwa ngwa. N'ihi nke a, a na-eri nri obere oge tupu nri ma ọ bụ mgbe ha gachara, ha na-ebelata shuga, nke na-ebili mgbe nri gasịrị, obere oge na-ebute enweghị glucose.
N’ihi nke a, oke insulin n’ime ọbara na-abawanye. Ihe omume a ga - ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na mkpụrụ ndụ akịrịkụkụ ka nwere ike imepụta ya ma zoo ya.
N'ime ụdị ọrịa shuga nke 2, mkpụrụ ndụ beta mara na ọ 'adaghị' ha enweghị ike ịmịpụta insulin. Yabụ, ọ dị mkpa iwebata ya n'ụdị injections dị n'okpuru, yana iji ụrọ adịghị arụ ọrụ.
Onye ka edere glinids n'aka ya
N’ụfọdụ mba ndị dị na Yurop, a na-eji glinids agwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga nke 2 yana nri na mmega ahụ, ma ọ bụ na nri, mmega ahụ, na metformin.
Agaghị atụ aro maka nchikota ha na usoro sulfonylurea. Ọzọkwa, ejila glinides ma ọ bụrụ na sulfonylureas adịghị arụ ọrụ maka gị (na nke a, glinides agaghị arụkwa).
Ihe eji egbochi ihe eji eme ihe
Enwere ọtụtụ contraindications maka iji ụrọ.
Ndị kacha mkpa bụ:
- Akpachapụ anya ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ọgwụ ọgwụ otu a,
- Ọrịa shuga 1dị 1
- Ọnụnọ nke ọrịa shuga (ketoacidosis, ọrịa shuga - a ga-agwọ insulin ahụ)
- Ime na inye ara,
- Ekpuchita oke umeji.
- Ekwesịrị iji ya kpachara anya na akụrụ gbasara akwara ma ọ bụ ọrịa hepatic, ụkọ adrenal, na nká ma bụrụ nke na-adịghị edozi ahụ.
- Ekwesighi iji ya mee ihe na ọnọdụ insulin nke ahụ na-abawanye nke ukwuu - dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwere nnukwu ọrịa ma ọ bụ usoro ịwa ahụ. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú a, ọ na-adị mma ka ị jiri insulin mee nwa oge.
Etu ị ga-esi
The Tara ọgwụ a bụ obere oge tupu ma ọ bụ n'oge nri.
Ọ dịghị mkpa iji nyochaa oge iri nri. Ọzọkwa, mgbe anyị nyochachara dọkịta, anyị nwere ike ịhazigharị ọgwụ ole tupu nri. Na mmemme ị na-eme atụmatụ irikwu nri, ị ga - abawanye ya.
- Otu kacha na repaglinide bụ 4 mg (opekempe kwa ụbọchị bụ 16 mg).
- Maka nateglinide, otu kachasị kwa ụbọchị bụ 180 mg.
Ọ bụrụ na i chefuru ị medicineụ ọgwụ n’oge, ị gaghị a tabletsụ mbadamba nkume abụọ na nri ọzọ, n’ihi na nke a nwere ike ibute hypoglycemia.
Glinids na Meglitinides: usoro ihe maka ọrịa shuga
Ọtụtụ afọ na-alụ ọgụ DIABETES n'enweghị nsogbu?
Onye isi nke Institutelọ Ọrụ ahụ: “Ọ ga-eju gị anya na ọ dị mfe ịgwọ ọrịa shuga site na ị itụ ya kwa ụbọchị.
Zọ ọgbara ọhụụ iji gwọọ ọrịa shuga gụnyere iji ọgwụ agwọ ọrịa nke dị iche iche maka ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ.
Ruo taa, ụdị ọgwụ shuga dị ala isii dịgasị iche na-egosi na ị na-ere ọgwụ.
A na-eji ọgwụ shuga na-akụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ enwe ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 nke ọrịa shuga, nke na-abụghị insulin.
Ọgwụ niile dị na otu ọgwụ ọgwụ ndị a:
- Biguanides.
- Glinidam.
- Glitazone.
- Alfa glucosidase na-egbochi.
- Ndị na - egbochi DPP-4.
- Sulfonamides.
- Ejikọtara ọnụ.
Otu nke biguanides gụnyere otu ọgwụ - Metformin. Ejirila ngwa ọrụ a kemgbe 1994. Ngwá ọrụ bụ nke a na-ejikarị belata shuga n'ime ahụ.
Glitazones gụnyere otu ọgwụ - Pioglitazone. Ọgwụ na - enyere aka ime ka akpụkpọ anụ ahụ dị elu nke na - egbochi insulin ma na - eme ka ọnụego metabolism dịkwuo mma.
Alfa glucosidase na-egbochi ihe mgbaze nke carbohydrates, na-egbochi usoro nke glucose na plasma ọbara.
Ndị na-egbochi DPP-4 na-egbochi mbibi glucagon-dị ka polypetide 1 (GLP-1) na igbochi enzyme DPP-4.
A na-eji Sulfanilamides mee ihe dị ka ọgwụ na-ebelata shuga ma bụrụ ndị a ma ama kacha ewu ewu. Ihe omume ọgwụ nke otu a na - eme bụ ịkwalite usoro insulin na - eme site na mkpụrụ ndụ na - egbu ahụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọmụmụ 4 nke sulfonamides etolitela.
Ngwakọta ọgwụ ndị a na-ejikọ ọnụ bụ ndị nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ dị ike na-arụ ọrụ na njikwa ha.
Glinids gunyere ogwu abuo n’ime ha mejuputara - Repaglinide na Nateglinide. Ọgwụ ndị ahụ nwere mmetụta na-akpali akpali na mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke anụ ahụ.
Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta shuga dị ala, ụrọ nwere ihe ndị ọzọ:
- adịghị enye aka n'ibu ibu,
- mgbe ị na-eji ọgwụ ndị otu a eme ihe na onye ọrịa, enwere ike belata hypoglycemia ọtụtụ oge ma e jiri ya tụnyere sulfonamides.
Dịka ọgwụ ọ bụla, ngwaahịa ndị otu nke ụrọ nwere ọtụtụ nsonaazụ na-achọghị
- mgbe ejiri ha, enwere ohere ibute hypoglycemia,
- ọ naghị atụ aro ị aụ ọgwụ ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ọrịa ọrịa imeju.
A na-ejikarị ọgwụ Clinid eme ihe dị ka ndị nnọchianya maka ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 nke ọrịa mellitus.
Ihe ngosi na contraindications maka iji ụrọ
Isi ihe eji eji ụrọ eme bụ ọnụnọ nke ụdị ọrịa shuga nke II n'ụdị onye ọrịa ahụ na-enweghị arụmọrụ site na usoro nri nri etinyere na mmega ahụ.
A na-eji ọgwụ ọgwụ dị n’otu belata ọkwa shuga dị n’ahụ onye ọrịa.
Dịka ọgwụ ọ bụla, ọgwụ ndị otu nke ụrọ nwere ọtụtụ contraindications maka iji.
Ihe ndị a na-egbochi iji ụrọ eme ihe bụ:
- Ọnụnọ nke hypersensitivity.
- Ọnụnọ nke ụdị shuga 1 na onye ọrịa.
- Mmepe na ahu ndi nwere acho insulin.
- Ọnụnọ nke nnukwu nsogbu n’ọrụ akụrụ na akụrụ.
- Oge ịgba aka na oge ị ofụ ara.
A naghị atụ aro ya ka ọ debe akwụkwọ glinids na ndị ọrịa nke ụmụaka na ndị na-eto eto na-erubeghị afọ 18, na mgbakwunye, a naghị atụ aro iji ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa shuga na ndị ọrịa karịa afọ 75.
Nsogbu kachasị emetụta ị usingụ ụdị ọgwụ a bụ:
- nsogbu nke eriri afọ, nke pụtara ìhè nke ọgbụgbọ na mmetụta nke ọgbụgbọ,
- N'ụfọdụ, mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ na-apụta, gosipụtara n'ụdị akpụkpọ ahụ ọkụ
- mgbe ụfọdụ enwere ịrị elu oge n’ọrụ transamylase.
N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere nkwarụ anya, na-esokwa afọ na ọkwa nke sugars dị n’ahụ.
Ofzọ ihe eji eme ụrọ
Glinides bụ ihe na - akpali akpali nke mmepụta insulin. Ọgwụ ndị a dị iche na sulfonamides ọ bụghị naanị n'ụzọ nhazi, kamakwa na ọgwụ ọgwụ. Emepụtara Glinids dị ka ọgwụ na-enyere aka weghachite ma nwekwuo ọnụ ọgụgụ insulin hormone na-akpata site na mkpụrụ ndụ beta.
Ekwesịrị ịbanye glinids naanị n'oge nri, nke a na-enye gị ohere ịgbaso nri na-eme ka ọ dị mma karịa nri mgbe ị na-ewere sulfonamides.
Meglitinides nwere obere ndụ ndụ dị mkpụmkpụ, nke na-ebelata ohere ị nwere ịmalite hypoglycemic steeti.
N'oge a, meglitinides gụnyere ọgwụ abụọ - Nateglinide na Repaglinide.
Usoro nke ị theụ ọgwụ ahụ sitere na nsonaazụ ya na ọwa mmiri nke ATP na-adabere na mkpụrụ ndụ beta-cell. Nke a na - eduga n'ịgbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ na imeghe oghere nke calcium. Mgbe ekpughere anụ ahụ akwara, ọgwụ na-abawanye na nbanye nke calcium ion n'ime sel si na mpaghara intercellular.
Mmụba na mkpokọta kalsel na sel na - eme ka usoro insulin rụpụta ọrụ.
Njikọ nke meglitinides na-anabata ndị na-anabata ya adịghị ike, yabụ klọọkụ ahụ kpụkọtara nwa oge.
Nkwadebe nke Clinid, mgbe ewebata ya n’anụ ahụ, na-enweta oke itinye uche n’ọbara otu elekere mgbe nchịkwa. Usoro ndu ogwu di ihe ruru 56%.
Oge nchịkwa ọgwụ na nri anaghị emetụta oke oge ịbịaru ugwu nke ihe arụ ọrụ n'ọbara, ma belata nsụkọta kachasi elu site na 20%. Glinides nwere ike kegide protein ndị dị na plasma, ogo nke jikọtara ruru 98%.
Ọkara ndụ nke ọgwụ site n'ahụ ya bụ ihe dị ka otu awa.
Mwepu nke usoro ụrọ ụrọ a na-arụkarị feces. N'ụzọ dị otú a, ihe dị ka 90% nke metabolites guzobere n'oge metabolism na-ewepụ. Na mgbakwunye, mwepu ọgwụ a na-arụ akụkụ ụfọdụ site na usoro ahụ nwere ọgwụ mmamịrị.
Ọdịmma nke ụdị ọgwụ ọjọọ a bụ mkpa nke ịsesụ ọgwụ ọjọọ kwa ụbọchị na oke ọgwụ na-efu.
Ojiji Starlix riri ogwu
Starlix bụ ọgwụ a na-ewere ozugbo tupu nri a na-eri ya mgbe a na-agwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus nke 2. Oge dị n'etiti ị theụ ọgwụ na nri agaghị agafe awa 0,5.
Mgbe ị na-eji ọgwụ ahụ maka monotherapy, a na-atụ aro otu ọgwụ nke 120 mg. Ekwesịrị ị drugụ ọgwụ ọjọọ ahụ ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị. Ekwesịrị ị drugụ ọgwụ tupu nri ụtụtụ, nri ehihie na nri abalị.
Ọ bụrụ na usoro ọgwụ a tụrụ aro anaghị anabata nsonaazụ ọgwụgwọ achọrọ, enwere ike ịbawanye otu usoro ọgwụgwọ gaa na 180 mg.
A na-eme mgbanwe nke ọgwụ a na-agbaso mgbe niile dabere na nsonaazụ nyocha nke ụlọ nyocha nke ndị na-egosi HbA1c na ndị na-egosi glycemia otu elekere abụọ ka nri.
Enwere ike iji Starlix mee ihe dịka akụrụngwa na usoro ọgwụgwọ siri ike maka ụdị shuga mellitus nke 2. Enwere ike iji ọgwụ ahụ mee ihe na njikọta metformin.
Mgbe ị na-eji Starlix na njikọ ya na Metformin, otu mkpụrụ ego ejiri ya kwesiri ịbụ 120 mg ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị. Ọgwụ n'oge usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mgbagwoju anya tupu nri.
Na ihe omume, na n'oge usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mgbagwoju anya, uru HbA1c na-abịakwute ihe ngosipụta nke physiologically, enwere ike ịbelata ọnụọgụ nke Starlix na ọkwa 60 mg ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị na nyocha nke dọkịta na-aga.
Ojiji ọgwụ Novonorm
Ọgwụ Novonorm bụ ọgwụ, nke gụnyere ịgaghari na usoro onodu ogwu nke 0,5, 1 ma ọ bụ 2 mg dị ka nnukwu ihe eji arụ ọrụ.
Oge izizi maka usoro ọgwụgwọ shuga kwesịrị ịbụ 0,5 mg nke onyinye na-arụ ọrụ.
Isbawanye usoro onodu ogwu a ka ekwesiri tupu ụbọchị 7-14 ka mmalite nke ị regularụ ọgwụ mgbe niile.
Ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara ọrịa imeju na onye ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus, a na-enyocha HbA1c ọtụtụ oge karịa n'ime izu abụọ.
Maka ọgwụgwọ nkwonkwo, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ anyị ejirila DiabeNot nke ọma. Thehụ ihe ndị ama ama n’ahịa a, anyị kpebiri inyefe ya n’aka gị.
Ekwesịrị iji ọgwụ ahụ mee ihe na usoro ndị a ka ukwuu:
- Otu ọgwụ ị theụ ọgwụ kwesịrị ịbụ 4 mg nke ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ.
- Thebọchị nke ọgwụ ahụ agaghị agafe 16 mg.
Oge kachasị mma maka ị theụ ọgwụ bụ nkeji iri na ise tupu iri nri, mana ọ ga-ekwe omume ị medicineụ ọgwụ ahụ nkeji iri atọ tupu iri nri ahụ ma ọ bụ ozugbo ịmalite ya.
Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrịa na-eri nri nri, ekwesighi ị .ụ ọgwụ a.
Na mmejuputa nri ozo, agha kwesiri iji ya.
Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti Starlix na Novonorm bụ na nke ikpeazụ na-enwe ike belata ọkwa glucose nke ọma ọ bụghị naanị mgbe e risịrị nri, kamakwa n'etiti nri dị otú ahụ. Nke a bụ site na ike nke akụkụ dị ike isonye na SUR nnabata ma soro ya nwekwuo nkwekọrịta.
Okwesiri iburu n'uche na Starlix nwere ike kpasuo mmeghari ihe ngosi nke ihe omimi nke mmepe nke hypoglycemic ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere Novonorm.
Mmetụta Ọkpụkpụ na Nlele anya nke Clinide
Mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ gasịrị, nkwadebe nke otu glinid na-akpali usoro nke mmiri ọgwụ n'oge mbụ nke insulin na sel beta nke anụ ahụ na-emetụta ọrụ nke nkwadebe a. Ojiji nke ọgwụ ndị a megidere ntuziaka maka ojiji ma ọ bụ ndụmọdụ ndị sitere na endocrinologist na-abịa, nwere ike ịkpasu onye ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga nke 2, nke bụ ọrịa endocrine nwere nnwere onwe nke ọrịa nke hypoglycemia.
Mmetụta dị otú ahụ na ahụ chọrọ iji ọgwụ eme ihe ozugbo tupu nri.
N’okpuru iwu na ntuziaka niile mgbe ị na-eji ọgwụ ọgwụ nke otu ụrọ, ọ naghị ebute steeti hypoglycemic.
Ọgwụ ndị a kachasị dị irè mgbe ejiri ya na mmalite nke mmalite nke ụdị ọrịa shuga 2. A na-amata usoro mmalite nke mmepe nke ọrịa site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'oge a, ọrụ mkpụrụ ndụ nke pancreatic na-arụ ọrụ, bụ ndị na-ahụ maka njikọ nke insulin.
Ohere iji bulite onodu hypoglycemic n'ime ahụ onye ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nzụlite nke hypoglycemia site na iji usoro sulfonylurea nwere obere ọrụ.
Mgbe ị na-eji nhazi nke ụrọ, a ga-elekọta ya anya ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa nwere ọrịa imeju. Nke a bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-eburu oke metabolism nke ọgwụ n’ime mkpụrụ ndụ imeju. Ọgwụ abụọ dị n'otu a na-ejikọ cytochrome P-350, nke na-ezo aka na sistemụ enzyme imeju.
Ekwesịrị ịkpachara anya mgbe ị na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịchịkwa ogo nke glycemia nke ọma. Ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ mmepe nke ọrịa na ahụ, nnukwu trauma, n'oge ịwa ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ a emee, ekwesịrị ịkwụsị ma ghaa ọgwụ insulin.
A kọwapụtara ozi banyere ọgwụ ndị a na-eji na-agwọ ọrịa shuga na vidiyo n'isiokwu a.
Ofdị insulin
Lọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na-enye ndị ọrịa ọ bụghị naanị usoro nke insulin mkpụmkpụ mkpụmkpụ, ultrashort, kamakwa ọ bụ ihe dị ogologo na etiti, anụmanụ, ọrụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Maka ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị ọrịa mbụ mellitus nke mbụ na nke abụọ, ndị ọrịa endocrinologists na-enye ndị ọrịa, dabere n'ụdị, ọkwa nke ọrịa ahụ, ụdị ọgwụ dị iche iche, nke e ji oge ngosipụta, mmalite na ọrụ kachasị elu.
Eziokwu na-adọrọ mmasị: Na nke mbụ, na 1921, kewapụrụ insulin na pancreas ehi. Emere Jenụwarị na-esote akara site na mmalite nke ule nyocha nke hormone na mmadụ. N'afọ 1923, enwetara ihe nrịba ama kasịnụ nke ndị na-emepụta kemistị na nturu ugo Nobel.
Insdị insulin na usoro ha si arụ ọrụ (tebụl):
Umu anumanu | Ọgwụ (aha ahia) | Usoro, ngwa |
Ultra Short-eme insulin | Apidra | Ultrashort insulins na-abanye n'ime afọ tupu iri nri, ebe ha na-aza ozugbo maka mmụba glucose ọbara. Enwere ike inye insulin Ultrashort ozugbo nri |
Insulin mkpụmkpụ emereme | Actrapid NM Humulin Regular | Ngwa ngwa ngwa ma obu odi nkpa (mkpụmkpụ). Ọ dị ka ngwọta doro anya. Ọ dị irè na nkeji 20-40 |
Ogologo insulin | Levemir, | Nkwadebe insulin na-arụ ọrụ ogologo anaghị enwe oke ọrụ, na-eme ihe mgbe otu awa ma ọ bụ abụọ, na-awa 1-2 ugboro n'ụbọchị. Usoro nke ime ihe yiri nke mmadu |
Ọgwụ insulin na-arụ ọrụ | Actrafan, Insulong, Humulin NPH | Ọgwụ na-eme ihe na-akwado ọgwụ nke glucose n'ọbara. A na - enye ya ọgwụ ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị, ihe a na - egbu ya ka ọ mechara ya awa atọ |
Ejikọtara ọnụ | Novolin, | Na ampoule ma ọ bụ sirinji, mkpịsị akwụkwọ na-egosi insulin gụnyere. Ọ na-amalite ime ihe dị na nkeji 10 ruo 20, ịkwesiri idobe ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị tupu iri nri |
Otu esi ekpebi mgbe ị ga-eduzi, gịnị ka usoro onyonye, ụdị nkwadebe insulin? Naanị endocrinologist nwere ike ịza ajụjụ a. Ejila onwe gi ọgwụ obula.
Akụkụ nke ihe insulin dị mkpụmkpụ
Ahụ siri ike na-emepụta homonụ, na-adịkarị na mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke islet nke Langerhans nke pancreas. Nlekọta homonụ na - akpata ọrịa, ọ na - ebute nsogbu na - akpata nsogbu nke metabolic n’ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ usoro ahụ niile na mmepe nke ọrịa shuga. N'ime usoro mmalite nke mmepe nke ọrịa, a na-edenye ndị ọrịa ọgwụ insulins dị mkpụmkpụ.
- Insulin dị mkpụmkpụ nwere mmalite dị nwayọ (site na nkeji iri abụọ ruo nkeji iri anọ), yabụ, oge ụfọdụ ga-agafe n'etiti ntụtụ nke homonụ na nri.
- Oru nri kwesiri ka eri rie ka emechara ngwa ngwa insulin kwesiri i kwesiri ka onodu ogwu. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla ịkwesịrị ịgbanwe ego ole a na-atụ aro ya. Inwekwu nri nri nwere ike ibute hyperglycemia, belata hypoglycemia.
- Iwebata insulin na-eme obere ihe chọrọ nri dị mkpa - mgbe awa 2-3 gasịrị, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu dị n’omume ọgwụ, ya mere anụ ahụ chọrọ carbohydrates.
Ntị: Oge maka ịgbakọ oge na dose bụ ihe na - egosi - ndị ọrịa nwere njiri anụ ahụ nke onwe ha. Ya mere, dose na oge na-ekpebi site na endocrinologist iche iche maka onye ọrịa ọ bụla.
Ọ bụ ntụtụ ọgwụ insulin ka a ga-enye ya naanị mgbe ọ bara. A na-achịkwa ọgwụ ahụ n'okpuru ala, mgbe ụfọdụ intramuscularly. Naanị saịtị ịgba ọgwụ nwere ike ịgbanwe ntakịrị, nke na-adịghị mkpa ka ịta ya ọnụ mgbe ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ ka ọgwụ ahụ wee banye n'ime nwayọ n'ime ọbara.
Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa na onye ọrịa anaghị agakwuru dọkịta na-eleta usoro nke ilegide ọgwụ mgbe niile, ya onwe ya na-enyocha nri ya na ụdị ndụ ọ na-ebi.
- insulin ngwa ngwa na-aza ngwa ngwa oriri shuga,
- ọgwụ na-apụ apụ nwere na-ejide ọkwa nke homonụ n'ọbara.
Etu ị ga-esi gbakọọ oge ọgwụ
- ikwesiri ịbanye dose nke ọgwụ tupu nkeji iri,
- Nyochaa glucose kwa nkeji ise,
- ọ bụrụ na ọkwa glucose dara 0.3 mmol, ịkwesịrị iri nri ozugbo.
Usoro nchịkwa homonụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-eduga n'ịgwọ ọrịa nke ọrịa mellitus dị mma na mgbochi nke nsogbu. Ọgwụ insulin na-akwado maka ndị okenye sitere na PEEJI 8 ruo 24 ọgwụ, maka ụmụaka - enweghị ihe na-erughi 8 PIECES kwa ụbọchị.
Ihe ngbanwe
Dịka ọgwụ ọ bụla, insulin ngwa ngwa nwere contraindications na nsonaazụ ya.
- ịba ọcha n'anya, ọnya nke duodenum na afọ,
- nephrolithiasis, jade,
- ụfọdụ ntụpọ obi.
A na-egosiputa mmeghachi omume na-emebi usoro a ga-esi mee ya: adịghị ike dị ukwuu, ọsụsọ mụbara, salivation, palpitations, enwere nsogbu na mwepụ nke mmụọ.
Analogs Short insulin
Gini gha emeghaghi aha nke ogwu ndia n’ulo ogwu? Insulin na-eme ngwa-ngwa, mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe analogues na-agbanwe agbanwe:
Aha insulin | Mpempe mwepụta (ịgba ntụtụ 100 IU / ml) | Obodo | Ahịa (RUB) |
Actrapid NM | 10ml karama | Denmark | 278–475 |
Actrapid NM | 40 IU / ml 10ml, karama | Denmark, India | 380 |
Actrapid NM Penfill | Kọọpụ iko 3ml | Denmark | 820–1019 |
Apidra | Kọọpụ iko 3ml | Jamanị | 1880–2346 |
Apidra Solostar | 3m, kateeti iko na pen sirinji | Jamanị | 1840–2346 |
Biosulin P | Kọọpụ iko 3ml | India | 972–1370 |
Biosulin P | 10ml karama | India | 442–611 |
Gensulin r | 10ml karama | Poland | 560–625 |
Gensulin r | Kọọpụ iko 3ml | Poland | 426–1212 |
Insuman Rapid GT | Kọọpụ iko 3ml | Jamanị | 653–1504 |
Insuman Rapid GT | 5ml kalama | Jamanị | 1162–1570 |
Penvoill Novorapid | Kọọpụ iko 3ml | Denmark | 1276–1769 |
Novorapid Flexpen | 3m, kateeti iko na pen sirinji | Denmark | 1499–1921 |
Rinsulin P | 40 IU / ml 10ml, karama | Russia | mba |
Rosinsulin P | 5ml kalama | Russia | mba |
Isi Okwu | Kọọpụ iko 3ml | Frans | 1395–2000 |
Humulin Regular | Kọọpụ iko 3ml | Frans | 800–1574 |
Humulin Regular | 10ml karama | France, USA | 462–641 |
Mmechi
Short insulin bu ogwu nke endocrinologist debere ya maka oria shuga. Ka usoro ọgwụgwọ wee dị mma ma ghara iweta mmerụ ahụ n'ụdị hypo-, hyperglycemia, na-agbasosi ike na dose, oge nchịkwa, usoro nri. Jiri ọgwụ analogues were dochie ọgwụ ahụ naanị mgbe ịgachara dọkịta. Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa inyocha ọbara nke glucose n’onwe gị, ị na-eme nyocha kwa oge, ma dozie mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ.
Njirimara nke thiazolidinediones
Thiazolidinediones, yabụ, glitazones, bụ otu ọgwụ na-ebelata shuga nke bu n’obi iwelie mmetụta nke insulin. Maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa shuga mellitus malitere iji obere oge na nso nso a - kemgbe 1996. Mepụtara ikemeke ke ọgwụ ndenye ọgwụ.
Glitazones, na mgbakwunye na usoro hypoglycemic, nwere mmetụta dị mma na sistem cardio. A hụrụ ọrụ a: antithrombotic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory. Mgbe ị na-ewere thiazolidinediones, ọkwa hemoglobin glycated na-agbada na nkezi site na 1.5%, ọkwa nke HDL na-abawanye.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na klas a adịghị ala ala karịa usoro ọgwụgwọ nke Metformin. Mana ejighi ha na mbido mbu nke bute oria 2. Nke a bụ n'ihi ịdị njọ nke nsonaazụ yana ọnụahịa dị elu. Taa, a na-eji glitazones belata glycemia nke nwere usoro sulfonylurea na metformin. Enwere ike ịdere ha abụọ iche iche na ọgwụ ọ bụla, yana njikọta.
Uru na ọghọm ya
N'ime njirimara ọgwụ ndị ahụ enwere ezigbo ihe na-adịghị mma:
- mụbaa ịdị arọ nke ahụ́ site na kilogram 2 na nkezi,
- Ndepụta mmetụta dị ukwuu
- Melite profaịlụ nke egbugbere ọnụ
- Mmetụta insulin na-eguzogide nke ọma
- Ọrụ mmelata shuga dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere metformin, ihe ndị na-eme ka sulfonylurea,
- ọbara mgbali elu
- belata ihe ndị metụtara mmepe nke atherosclerosis,
- na-ejide mmiri, n'ihi nke a, ihe ọghọm nke nkụda obi na-abawanye,
- belata njupụta nke ọkpụkpụ, na-amụba ohere nke mgbaji,
- hepatotoxicity.
Usoro nke ime ihe
Thiazolidinediones na-eme ihe na ndị na-anabata ya, nke na-eme ka nkwalite na iwelite glucose site na mkpụrụ ndụ. Ihe nke homonụ dị n’imeju, anụ ahụ na-adị n’arụ ahụ na akwara dị mma. Ọzọkwa, mmetụta dị na ọkwa nke ihe abụọ gara aga na-egosi nke ukwuu.
Glitazones adịghị akpali mmepụta insulin site na mkpụrụ ndụ panc-pancreatic.A na-enweta mbelata nke arụmọrụ site na ibelata insulin iguzogide anụ ahụ na-eme ihe na ịba ụba ojiji nke glucose site na anụ ahụ. Mmetụta dị ala nke shuga, dị ka a na-achị, na-amalite nwayọọ nwayọọ. A na-ahụ ọkwa glucose kacha nta na-ebu ọnụ naanị mgbe ọnwa abụọ gachara. Usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-esokwa oke ibu.
Enwere mmezi na nchịkwa metabolic site na iwetulata shuga dị ala. Mgbe ejikọtara ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ metformin na sulfonylurea, njikwa glycemic na-akawanye mma n'ebe ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 nọ, yana ọkwa hormone dị mkpa nke plasma dị ukwuu. Glitazones na-eme naanị n'ihu ọnụnọ insulin.
Usoro ọgwụ Pharmacokinetic nwere ike ịdị iche iche site na ọgwụ. Ekwekwala ka ha bụrụ nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na afọ onye ọrịa. Site na mmebi imeju na ndị ọrịa, ọ na - agbanwe ọgwụ ọgwụ.
Ihe ngosi na contraindications
E nyere Thiazolidinediones maka ọrịa shuga na-enweghị insulin (ụdị shuga 2):
- dị ka monotherapy maka ndị ọrịa ahụ na-achịkwa ọkwa nke glycemia na-enweghị ọgwụ (nri na mmega ahụ),
- dị ka ọgwụ mkpọnwụ na njikọta ya na nkwanye sulfonylurea,
- dị ka ọgwụgwọ abụọ na metformin maka njikwa glycemic zuru oke,
- dị ka ugboro atọ ọgwụgwọ "glitazone + metformin + sulfonylurea",
- na insulin
- nchikota insulin na metformin.
Otu n'ime contraindications ị takingụ ọgwụ:
- onye anabataghi,
- afọ ime / lactation
- afọ ruo afọ 18
- imeju imeju - nnukwu nsogbu
- oke obi ike
- gbasara akwara siri ike.
Ihe nkuzi vidio banyere nkwadebe nke otu thiazolidinedione:
Nsonaazụ
N'ime nsogbu ndị ị na-anabataghị mgbe ị kwụsịrị thiazolidinediones bụ:
- n'ime ụmụ nwanyị - nsọ nwanyị,
- obi nkoropụ obi,
- imebi ọnọdụ homonụ,
- ụba nke enzymes imeju,
- anaemia
- hypoglycemia,
- hypercholesterolemia,
- isi ọwụwa na anya mmiri,
- I nweta ibu
- mụbara agụụ
- mgbu azụ, iwe,
- rashes, akpan akpan, urticaria,
- ọzịza
- mụbaa ike ọgwụgwụ
- mmebi anya
- klọk na - - polyps na cysts,
- ọrịa akụkụ akụkụ okuku ume na nke elu.
N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ, a na-enyocha ibu na akara ndị na-egosi njigide mmiri. A na-enyocha ihe gbasara imeju. Oriri n ’ị modụ mmanya na-egbu egbu anaghị emetụta oke nchịkwa glycemic.
Usoro onunu ogwu, usoro ochichi
A na-ewere glitazones na-enweghị ihe gbasara nri. Adjustmeghari usoro ọgwụgwọ maka ndị agadi nwere obere ịdọ aka na imeju / akụrụ. Edepụtara akụkụ nke ikpeazụ nke ndị ọrịa ị aụ ọgwụ dị ala kwa ụbọchị. A na-ekpebi usoro onunu ogwu nke dọkịta n’otu n’otu.
Mmalite ọgwụgwọ malitere iji obere ala. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ọ na-abawanye na nchịkọta na-adabere na ọgwụ. Mgbe ejikọtara ya na insulin, usoro ya ga-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ belata na akụkọ banyere ọnọdụ hypoglycemic.
Ndepụta Ọgwụ Thiazolidinedione
Ndị nnọchite abụọ nke glitazone dị na ahịa ọgwụ taa - rosiglitazone na pioglitazone. Nke mbụ n'ime otu ahụ bụ troglitazone - a kagburu n'oge na-adịghị anya n'ihi mmepe nke mmebi imeju siri ike.
Ọgwụ ndị dabere na rosiglitazone gụnyere ndị a:
- 4 mg avandia - Spain,
- 4 mg Diagnitazone - Ukraine,
- Roglit na 2 mg na 4 mg - Hungary.
Ọgwụ Piogitazone gụnyere:
- Glutazone 15 mg, 30 mg, 45 mg - Ukraine,
- Nilgar 15 mg, 30 mg - India,
- Dropia-Sanovel 15 mg, 30 mg - Turkey,
- Pioglar 15 mg, 30 mg - India,
- Pyosis 15 mg na 30 mg - India.
Mmekọrịta na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ
- Rosiglitazone. Mmanya na-aba n'anya anaghị emetụta njikwa glycemic. Enweghi mmekorita di egwu na mgbochi ogwu, Nifedipine, Digoxin, Warfarin.
- Pioglitazone. Mgbe ejikọtara ya na rifampicin, a na-ebelata mmetụta nke pioglitazone. Ikekwe ntakịrị mbelata na ịdị irè nke mgbochi afọ mgbe ị na-a contraụ ọgwụ mgbochi mbadamba. Mgbe ị na-eji ketoconazole, njikwa glycemic na-adịkarị mkpa.
Ọ bụghị naanị na Thiazolidinediones belata ọkwa shuga, kamakwa ọ na-emetụta sistemụ akwara obi. Na mgbakwunye na uru, ha nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ na-adịghị mma, nke kachasị nke bụ mmepe nke nkụda obi na mbelata njupụta nke ọkpụkpụ.
A na-eji ha eme ihe na usoro ọgwụgwọ siri ike, iji thiazolidinediones maka igbochi mmepe nke ọrịa chọrọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ.