Ọbara glucose na ọrịa shuga: gịnị kwesịrị ịbụ ọkwa?

Ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ na sistemụ mmadụ dị na ahụ ga - ekwe omume naanị nha ụfọdụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-edozi njiri egosi site na njikwa onwe ya.

A na-arụ ọrụ nke usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ maka iweta ọkwa glucose na ọkwa nkịtị site na nhazi insulin ma ọ bụ mbadamba ndị na-agbada shuga. Iji zere nsogbu n'ihi mmụba shuga dị n'ọbara, ọ dị mkpa iji nweta ebumnuche glycemic.

Ọkpụkpụ glucose yana ọrịa ya na ọrịa shuga

N'ime ahụ, glucose na-apụta site na nri, n'ihi nbibi nke ụlọ ahịa glycogen na imeju na akwara akwara, a na-emekwa ya n'oge gluconeogenesis sitere na amino acid, lactate na glycerol. Nri nwere ọtụtụ ụdị carbohydrates dị iche iche - glucose, sucrose (disaccharide) na stachi (polysaccharide).

Ihe jupụtara na ya, ọ na - emebi ike nke enzymes na ngụze nri na - eme ka ndị dị mfe ma dịka glucose na - abanye n'ọbara. Na mgbakwunye na glucose, fructose na-abanye n'ọbara ọbara, bụ nke akwara nke imeju na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ glucose.

Ya mere, glucose bụ ihe dị mkpa carbohydrate n’ahụ mmadụ, n’ihi na ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eweta ike mba nile. Maka mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ, naanị glucose nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-edozi ahụ.

Ọ bụ glucose na-abanye n'ọbara agha ga-abanye na sel ka e wee jiri ya maka usoro metabolic nke mmepụta ike. Maka nke a, mgbe glucose batịrị n'ọbara site na akwara, wepụtara insulin. Nke a bụ naanị hormone nke nwere ike inye glucose na sel nke imeju, akwara na anụ ahụ adipose.

Enwere ike ichekwa glucose, nke ahụ na-achọghị n'oge a, ka enwere ike idobe ya na imeju dịka glycogen. Mgbe ahụ, mgbe ọkwa glucose daa, ọ na-agbadata, si otú a na-abawanye ọdịnaya ya na ọbara. Ọ na - enye aka itinye glucose na insulin.

1. Hormone pcreatic (sel alfa) - glucagon. Na-eme ka mmebi nke glycogen ghara ịdị na glucose molekulu.
2. Glucocorticoid sitere na akwa adrenal cortex - cortisol, nke na - ebulite glucose na imeju, na - egbochi mkpụrụ ndụ.
3. Hormones nke adrenal medulla - adrenaline, norepinephrine, na-eme ka mmebi nke glycogen ike.
4. Homonụ nke akụkụ ahụ na –emebi ihe - homonụ nke uto, homonụ nke uto, ihe ọ na - eme iji nwayọ nwayọ were sel.
5. Homonụ thyroid na-eme ngwa ngwa gluconeogenesis n'ime imeju, na-egbochi idobe glycogen na imeju na akwara anụ ahụ.

N'ihi ọrụ homonụ ndị a, a na-edobe glucose na ọbara na mkpokọta ihe na-erughị 6.13 mmol / L, mana dị elu karịa 3.25 mmol / L na afọ efu.

Na ọrịa shuga mellitus, emepụtaghị insulin n'ime sel nke pancreas ma ọ bụ na -ebelata ego ya ka ọ dịkarịa ala na-anaghị anabata nnabata glucose n'ọbara. Nke a na-eme na ụdị ọrịa shuga 1. A na - ebibi mkpụrụ ndụ Beta site na ntinye nke nje ma ọ bụ ọgwụ mgbochi emepụtara na sel, yana ihe ndị ọzọ.

Ihe ngosi nke ụdị oria 1 na-eto ngwa ngwa, ebe ọ bụ na ka ọ dị ugbu a ihe dị ka 90% nke ngụkọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta. Ndị ọrịa dị otú a, iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa, ka a na-enye ọgwụ insulin nke enwetara site na ihe ọmụmụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Mmụba nke glucose n'ụdị ụdị shuga mellitus 2 (ọrịa shuga 2) bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ na akụkụ ahụ na-adabere na insulin na-azụlite nguzogide n'ọrụ insulin. Ndị na-anabata ya enweghị ike ịzaghachi, nke gosipụtara na mmepe nke akara ndị ọrịa shuga, nke na-ebute megide ndabere nke hyperglycemia na hyperinsulinemia.

Hyperglycemia na-ezo aka na ihe ngosi glucose ọbara niile na-arịa ọrịa shuga, nke dabere na ụdị nyocha:

• Capillary (site na mkpịsị aka) na ọbara venous - karịa 6,12 mmol / l.
• Plasma ọbara (akụkụ mmiri nke na-enweghị sel) karịrị 6.95 mmol / l.

Nọmba ndị a na-egosi glucose ọnụ na-ebu ọnụ mgbe ha hiri ụra.