Ọbara ọbara: nkịtị, ụdị ọmụmụ, otu esi akwadebe maka nyocha

Ọbara glucose na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke bụ 3.3-6.1 mmol / l. Ihe ndagide dị mkpa na / ma ọ bụ ogologo oge elu ma ọ bụ ala nwere ike igosipụta mmepe nke ọrịa, isi hypoglycemia na hyperglycemia.

Ọ bụ glucose bụ ihe dị mkpa ji arụ ọrụ n'ahụ. A na-adọga carbohydrates riri ka ọ bụrụ shuga dị mfe, nke obere eriri afọ na-abanye ma banye n'ọbara. Site n'ọbara, glucose na-agbasa ahụ niile, na-enye ume anụ ahụ. N'okpuru mmetụta ya, mmepụta nke insulin, hormone nke pancreas, na-akwalite nnyefe nke glucose na sel, na-ejigide ọkwa glucose n'ọbara na ojiji. Imeju, anụ ahụ extrahepatic, ụfọdụ homonụ na-etinye aka na ịchekwa oke glucose na gburugburu anụ ahụ.

Ọkwa glucose nke 7.8–11 bụ ihe a forụ maka ọrịa shuga, mmụba na ngosipụta dị elu karịa 11 mmol / l na-egosi ọrịa mellitus.

Kedu ihe kpatara ịmara glucose

N'ikwu okwu, glucose bụ isi mmalite nke ọtụtụ sel nke anụ ahụ. N'ihi ọnụnọ glucose na sel dị n’ahụ mmadụ, ọtụtụ usoro dị mkpa na-apụta. Ọrịa glucose na-abanyekwa n'ahụ anyị nri riri, mgbe ahụ, n'ihi insulin (ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ nke pancreas zoro ezo), ọ na-agbaze ma nwee kemịkal dị mfe ma banye n'ọbara. Dika odi, mmadu nwere ntukwasiobi: enwetara glucose = emeputara insulin. Ọrịa shuga, a na-emebi atụmatụ a. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ nwere ihe mgbaàmà ndị a, mgbe ahụ ọ dị mkpa ịnwale nnwere onwe iji chọpụta ọkwa nke glucose dị n'ọbara. Ọrịa

  1. Akwa akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na-akpọ nkụ.
  2. Urintọ ngwa ngwa.
  3. Ọrịa izugbe na ike ọgwụgwụ nke ugboro ugboro.
  4. "Aro" nke acetone si n'ọnụ ya.
  5. Obi palpitations.
  6. Ọnụnọ nke oke ibu.

Mmebi nke akụkụ nke ọhụụ. Eterchọpụta ọkwa nke glucose n'ọbara na-eme ka o kwe omume ịtụle mmepe nke ọrịa shuga n'ụzọ oge, họrọ usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị, ma dozie ọgwụgwọ n'oge ọgwụgwọ. Na-enye onye ọrịa ohere inwe ọnụ ala glucose dị ala (obere njedebe nke nkịtị), ịgbanwe otu ihe ihe egwu dị maka ọrịa shuga maka ọdịnihu dị mma. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe ndị dị ize ndụ maka ọrịa mellitus bụ atụmanya mkpụrụ ndụ, ndụ, yana mgbanwe afọ.

Nkwadebe ndidi

Maka nyocha, ọbara sitere na akwara na mkpịsị aka dabara adabara. A na-eme nyocha ahụ na afọ na-enweghị isi iji mee ka ọnọdụ dị jụụ. Tupu inye onyinye ọbara, ị ga-akwụsị ị takingụ ọgwụ. Yabụ na ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na mgbede ụbọchị ewezuga ihe eji egbochi carbohydrate, ntụ ọka na nri “ụtọ” (achịcha ọcha, onyinye, ihe ọ carbonụ carbonụ carbonated, ihe ọ variousụ variousụ dị iche iche, ihe oriri, wdg).

Nnyocha

A na - eme nyocha ahụ site n'aka ndị ọrụ ahụike - ndị na - enyere ụlọ nyocha aka iji usoro dị iche iche. Otu n'ime ụzọ ndị kachasị ewu ewu bụ glucose oxidase na kinetic. N'okwu dị mfe, ụkpụrụ nke usoro ahụ dabere na ịchọpụta ebe nnabata nke ngwakọta (glucose na reagent), nke na-esetịpụ ihe nyocha ahụ. Ọ dị mma ịmara na maka mkpebi nke glucose na ndị nyocha ihe ọmụmụ bioche, a na-ahọrọ ọbara venous (ọbara tụgharịrị). A na-enyochakarị ọbara Capillary na ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche (“glucose”). Igwe na-ebugharị ebugharị ebugharị na-ewu ewu na-ewu ewu, nke achọrọ nnwale - warara na mpekere ọbara onye ọrịa site na mkpịsị aka. Mgbe ahịrị ole na ole nke sekọnd, a na-egosipụta ịta glucose na ọbara capillary na ngosipụta nke mita ahụ.

Mmụba na ibelata na glucose

Mmụba glucose:

  1. Na ọrịa nke thyroid na pancreas.
  2. Na-arịa ọrịa shuga.
  3. Na oncological pathology nke pancreas.
  4. Ọrịa na akụrụ.

Mbelata glucose:

  1. Pathology nke pancreas, nke enwere mmebi nke mepụta insulin.
  2. Na mmebi nke mmepụta nke homonụ pituitary (akụkụ ụbụrụ).
  3. Ọgba aghara Pancreatic.
  4. Medicationsnweta ọgwụ.
  5. Dodoụbiga insulin ókè.

Mgbochi

“Ọrịa dị mfe igbochi karịa ịgwọ ya” - okwu a, n'agbanyeghị, dabara adaba maka igbochi ọrịa shuga. Na mgbochi nke ọrịa shuga metụtara mkpebi siri ike n'oge nke ịta glucose na haemoglobin glycated. Ọ dị mma na, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nọ n'ụwa na-eji mita glucose ọbara n'ụlọ, nke na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka, ọkachasị ndị nwere ọrịa shuga, ịchọpụta ọkwa shuga ha nke ọma.

Ọbara glucose

Chọpụta ọkwa glucose ọbara, dị ka nnwale ọbara n'ozuzu ya, bụ otu n'ime nyocha ndị a na-ahụkarị. Enwere ike ịnwale ọkwa glucose iche iche ma ọ bụ n'oge nyocha ọbara biochemical. Enwere ike ịnwe ọbara maka glucose na mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ akwara. Normkpụrụ shuga dị n'ọbara ndị okenye bụ 3.3-5.5 mmol / l, na oke - 3.7-6.1 mmol / l, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ nwoke. Ọkwa glucose nke 7.8–11 bụ ihe a forụ maka ọrịa shuga, mmụba na ngosipụta dị elu karịa 11 mmol / l na-egosi ọrịa mellitus.

Ule nnabata glucose

Nnwale nnwere onwe glucose na ngwongwo - ihe nrịba atọ nke itinye glucose na nkeji oge mgbe ọ gbasịrị carbohydrate. N'oge ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, onye ọrịa ahụ na-ewere nyocha ọbara ọbara mbụ nke venous, na-ekpebi ọkwa suga mbụ. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-enye ị toụ ihe glucose. Mgbe awa abụọ gachara, a na-ewere ọbara nke si na veinti ọzọ. Ntụle dị otú ahụ na-ekpughe nnabata glucose na-egbu na nsogbu metabolism metabolism.

A na-ele ya anya dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụrụ na ọnweghị ihe karịrị 5.5 mmol / L nke glucose kpebisiri ike na oke ọbara, na mgbe elekere abụọ gasịrị - erughị 7.8 mmol / L. Onye na - egosi 7.8–11.00 mmol / L mgbe oke shuga na - egosi nnabata glucose na - arịa ọrịa shuga. A na-achọpụta ọrịa shuga ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ shuga na mpaghara mbụ nke ọbara karịrị 6.7 mmol / L, na nke abụọ - 11.1 mmol / L.

Ule nnabata glucose n’oge dị ime

A na-eme nnyocha iji chọpụta ọrịa shuga. Mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'oge ime nwere ike ibute mmebi nke metabolism metabolism, ka Plasenta na-eto, nnabata nke insulin na-abawanye. Ọkpụkpụ nkịtị glycemia na-agbanwe n'oge ụbọchị n'oge afọ ime na oke nke 3.3-6.6 mmol / l.

Hypoglycemia na-akpata agụụ agụụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ, na-arụ ọrụ nke arụ ọrụ nkịtị.

A na-eme nnagide nnabata glucose n’oge afọ ime n’abu abụọ. Ihe omumu izizi mbu bu umunwanyi ndi di ime rue izu 24. A na-eme ọmụmụ nke abụọ na izu iri abụọ na anọ nke iri abụọ na anọ (24-28) nke ịtụrụ ime. N'ihe banyere ihe mgbaàmà nke ultrasound nke nsogbu nke nwa ebu n’afọ, n’ihu ihe ndị dị ka glucosuria, oke ibu, ibu ga - eketa ọrịa shuga, akụkọ banyere ọrịa shuga, a na - eme ule ahụ n’oge mbụ - na 16-18 izu. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a na-ahọpụta ya ọzọ, ma emesịa karịa izu iri atọ na abụọ.

Etu esi egbuze glucose na kedu esi acho i drinkụọ? A na-agwakọta glucose n'ụdị ntụ ntụ na mmiri 250-300 ml. Ọ bụrụ na ule a bụ awa atọ, wee were 100 g glukos, maka ọmụmụ ihe elekere abụọ, ọnụ ahịa ya bụ 75 g, maka ule elekere ogologo - 50 g.

Maka ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, ntakịrị mmụba na mkpokọta glucose n'ọbara mgbe nri gasịrị bụ ihe e ji mara ya, ebe ọ ka bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na afọ efu. Mmụba nke glucose ọbara n’ime nwanyị dị ime nke na-arịa ọrịa shuga, otu awa mgbe iwere ibu ahụ ekwesịghị gafere 7.7 mmol / L. A na-achọpụta ọrịa shuga n’afọ ime ma ọ bụrụ na ọkwa glucose n’omume mbụ ahụ karịrị 5.3 mmol / L, mgbe otu elekere dị elu karịa 10 mmol / L, mgbe awa abụọ gachara - ihe karịrị 8.6 mmol / L, mgbe awa 3 gasịrị karịa 7.7 mmol / L.

Glycated Hemoglobin Assay

Mkpebi nke ọbara ọgbụgba ahụ glycated (egosipụtara na nyocha nyocha - HbA1c) - mkpebi nke nkezi glucose ọbara ogologo oge (ọnwa 2-3). Nnwale ahụ na-enye gị ohere ịchọpụta ọrịa shuga n'oge mbido, nyochaa arụmọrụ nke ọgwụgwọ, chọpụta ogo ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ọrịa ahụ.

Hyperglycemia bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke metabolism metabolism na-emetụta, na-egosi mmepe nke ọrịa shuga mellitus ma ọ bụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ nke usoro endocrine.

Ọnụego hemoglobin glycated dị site na 4 ruo 6%. Hemoglobin glycation dị elu, elu nke ukwuu bụ glucose n'ọbara. Ọ bụrụ na shuga dị n'ọkwa dị site na 6 ruo 6.5%, mgbe ahụ anyị na-ekwu maka ọrịa shuga. Ihe ngosi dị elu karịa 6.5% na-egosi ọrịa shuga, mmụba nke ruru 8% ma ọ bụ karịa na ọrịa shuga a nwapụtara egosipụtara na ọgwụgwọ ezughị ezu. Mmụba dị elu nke glycation nwekwara ike na ụkwara akwara na-adịghị ala ala, ụkọ erughi ala, ọrịa akwara, mgbe splenectomy gasịrị. Mbelata hemoglobin glycated dị n'okpuru 4% nwere ike igosi enweghị mmiri, enweghị ume adrenal, steeti mgbe ọbara ọgbụgba, oke nfe nke ndị na - ahụ ike hypoglycemic.

C peptide mkpebi siri ike

Nnwale ọbara na nkọwapụta nke C-peptide bụ nchọpụta ọdịiche nke ụdị 1 na ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, nyocha maka ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta na-emepụta insulin nke ha. Normkpụrụ nke C-peptide bụ 0.9-7.1 ng / ml. A na-ahụ mmụba ya n'ọbara na ụdị ọrịa mellitus nke 2 na-abụghị insulin na-akpata, insulinoma, ọdịda akụrụ, akwara isi, mgbe a gbasasịrị mkpụrụ ndụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ. Mbelata nke C-peptide n'ime ọbara nwere ike igosi ụdị ọrịa shuga 1 nke ọrịa shuga, hypoglycemia n'ihi nchịkwa insulin, hypoglycemia mmanya, yana ọnụnọ ọgwụ mgbochi nye ndị na-anabata insulin.

Mkpebi ọkwa nke lactate

A na-eme mkpebi siri ike nke ịta ahụhụ nke lactic acid (lactate) n'ime ọbara iji chọpụta ihe ize ndụ nke lactic acidosis, nsogbu nke ọrịa shuga mellitus. Ofkpụrụ lactate na ọbara okenye dị iche na 0,5-2 mmol / l, ụmụaka gosiri nke a dị elu. Nke ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa bụ naanị mmụba nke ịta lactate. Ọnọdụ nke itinye lactate n'ọbara karịrị 3 mmol / L ka ana-akpọ hyperlactatemia.

Mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'oge ime nwere ike ibute mmebi nke metabolism metabolism, ka Plasenta na-eto, nnabata nke insulin na-abawanye.

Enwere ike ịbawanye ọkwa nke lactate na ọrịa shuga, nkụchi obi, ọrịa cancer, mmerụ ahụ, ọrịa, nke a na-egosipụta site na nkwonkwo akwara siri ike, yana ọrụ akwara na-adịghị mma. Mmanya na-a andụ na ọgwụ ụfọdụ nwekwara ike ibute lactic acidosis.

Insulin Antibody Assay

Nyocha ọbara maka ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa insulin - njirimara ọgwụ mgbochi ụfọdụ nke na - emekọrịta ihe na antigens nke ahụ gị, nyocha nke ogo nke ọrịa autoimmune mebiri na mkpụrụ ndụ beta pancreatic, a na - eji ya na nchoputa nke ọrịa shuga na - akpata mellitus. Normkpụrụ nke ọdịnaya nke ọgwụ mgbochi onwe nke insulin bụ 0-10 U / ml. Mmụba nwere ike igosi ụdị ọrịa shuga 1, ọrịa Hirat, mmeghachi omume nfụkasị insulin na-efe efe, yana polyendocrine autoimmune syndrome. Ihe na-adighi nma bu ihe kwesiri ekwesi.

Nnyocha Ọkwa Fructosamine

Mkpebi nke ịta fructosamine (onyinye nke glucose na albumin) - mkpebi siri ike shuga maka ụbọchị 14-20. Kpụrụ ntụaka nke usoro dị na nyocha nke fructosamine bụ 205-285 μmol / L. N'ime mellitus ọrịa shuga kwụrụ ụgwọ, ngbanwe nke ụkpụrụ nwere ike ịdị na 286-320 µmol / L; na oge decompensated, fructosamine na-agbago na 370 µmol / L na elu. Mmụba na ngosipụta ahụ nwere ike igosi ọdịda nke ọrụ akụrụngwa, hypothyroidism. Ogo fructosamine dị elu nwere ike igosipụta mmepe nke ọrịa shuga mellitus, ọdịda akụrụ, imeju imeju, mmerụ ahụ na etuto ụbụrụ, belata ọrụ thyroid, ịhapụ nnabata glucose. Mbelata ahụ na-egosi mfu protin site n'ahụ gị n'ihi mmepe nke ọrịa nephropathy ọrịa mamịrị, nephrotic syndrome, hyperthyroidism. Tụle nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ iji chọpụta ịdị irè nke ọgwụgwọ, na-eburu n'uche mgbanwe dị na njirimara.

A na-achọpụta ọrịa shuga n’afọ ime ma ọ bụrụ na ọkwa glucose n’omume mbụ ahụ karịrị 5.3 mmol / L, mgbe otu elekere dị elu karịa 10 mmol / L, mgbe awa abụọ gachara - ihe karịrị 8.6 mmol / L, mgbe awa 3 gasịrị karịa 7.7 mmol / L.

Nnwale ngwa ngwa glucose ọbara

A na-eme nnyocha iji chọpụta ntụtụkọta glucose na ọbara n'ụlọ, iji chịkwaa ọrịa shuga na ụdị ọrịa shuga na-akpata. Maka usoro a, a na-eji glucose nke ụlọ na mpempe nnwale pụrụ iche, nke a na-etinye ntụpọ ọbara si na mkpịsị aka ya. Ọrịa shuga kwesịrị idobe shuga na nso nke 5.5-6 mmol / L.

Etu esi akwadebe na otu esi eme nyocha

Imirikiti ọbara nyocha ụlọ nyocha na-atụ aro ịnyefe ihe ahụ n'ụtụtụ, ma emesịa ngwa ngwa awa 8-14. N'uhuruchi nke ọmụmụ, ịkwesighi iri abụba nri, nke e ghere eghe, zere nrụgide anụ ahụ na nke mmetụta uche. Tupu usoro a, naanị mmiri dị ọcha ka a ga-anabata. Ọ dị mkpa wezuga mmanya ụbọchị abụọ tupu nyocha ahụ, n'ime awa ole na ole - kwụsị ị smokingụ sịga. Tupu ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, site na ịmara dọkịta ahụ, kwụsịrị ị medicationsụ ọgwụ na-emetụta nsonaazụ ahụ.

Inyocha ọbara maka haemoglobin dị mfe nfe, nsonaazụ ahụ esiteghị na ụbọchị mgbe enyere onyinye ọbara, ekwesighi iwere ya na afọ efu.

A naghị atụ aro ka o mee nyocha nke glucose ọbara mgbe usoro ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, arụmọrụ, yana ọrịa na-efe efe, njupụta nke ọrịa akwara na-adịghị ala ala, n'oge nsọ.

Gịnị kpatara eji ede akwụkwọ nnwale glucose?

Ọkwa glycemia (glucose ọbara) nwere ike ịdị nkịtị, ala ma ọ bụ nke dị elu. Site na ịba ụba glucose, a na-achọpụta hypoglycemia, yana nke dị ala - hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemia bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke metabolism metabolism na-emetụta, na-egosi mmepe nke ọrịa shuga mellitus ma ọ bụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ nke usoro endocrine. N'okwu a, enwere mgbazi nke mgbaàmà, nke a na-akpọ ọrịa hyperglycemic syndrome:

  • isi ọwụwa, ike ọgwụgwụ, ike ọgwụgwụ,
  • polydipsia (akpịrị kpọrọ nkụ),
  • polyuria (mmụba urination)
  • hypotension akwara,
  • mmebi anya
  • ifelata
  • ọrịa na-efe efe,
  • ngwa ngwa ọgwụgwọ ọnya na ọnya,
  • obi palp,
  • Akpukpo aru na akpukpo aru
  • uto uche nke ukwu na-ebelata.

Ọrịa hyperglycemia agbagoro na-eduga ná mbibi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ niile na akwara niile, yana mbelata nke mgbochi.

Ọnụego hemoglobin glycated dị site na 4 ruo 6%. Hemoglobin glycation dị elu, elu nke ukwuu bụ glucose n'ọbara.

Hypoglycemia na-akpata agụụ agụụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ, na-arụ ọrụ nke arụ ọrụ nkịtị. Ọrịa hypoglycemic nwere ihe ngosi ndị a:

  • isi ọwụwa
  • adịghị ike
  • tachycardia
  • ịma jijiji
  • diplopia (ọhụụ abụọ),
  • amata aja aja
  • ogwe
  • ibobo
  • ọnwụ nke mmụọ.

Site n’inyocha akara ndị a dị n’elu, dọkịta depụtara nyocha ọbara maka glucose. Na mgbakwunye, a na-egosipụta nnwale glucose na ọnọdụ ndị a:

  • nchoputa na nlekota shuga mellitus ma obu oria ala ala.
  • ibu oke ibu
  • mmebi anya
  • vaskụla atherosclerosis,
  • pathology nke obi,
  • ọrịa nke thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland,
  • ọrịa imeju
  • nká
  • afọ ime dị ime
  • Ibu Ezigbo ezinụlọ banyere ọrịa shuga.

Ọzọkwa, a na-eme nyocha glucose dịka akụkụ nke nyocha ahụike.

Ahapụ Gị Ikwu