Ihe ọ juiceụụ Pancreatic

Ihe ọ juiceụ digụ nri kacha mkpa ihe ọ .ụụ pancreatic . Enwere ike nyochaa ọrụ nke gland diges dị mkpa site na iji fistula nke eriri ya, dabere na usoro nke I.P. Pavlov tụrụ aro. Maka nke a, mpempe mgbidi duodenum ya na papilla, nke oghere nke pancreas ga-emepe, ma bepụ ya n’akpụkpọ ahụ eriri afọ, wee mee ka ịdị ọcha nke eriri afọ dịghachi. Ihe ọ juiceụ alụ alkaline na-esite na fistula na-emebi akpụkpọ ahụ ma na-egbochi ọgwụgwọ nke sutures. Ya mere, mgbe a rụsịrị ọrụ a, anụmanụ chọrọ nlezianya.

Enwere ike inweta ihe ọ Panụ Panụ Pancreatic na ahụmịhe dị oke njọ. Iji mee nke a, mepee oghere dị n'ime anụ ahụ ma fanye tube nke ihe ọ juiceụ flowụ ya na-abanye n'ime eriri gland.

Ngwakọta ọiceụụ Pancreatic

Trypsin bụ enzyme dị mgbagwoju anya ma mejupụtara nchebe (trypsin n'onwe ya), nke na-akụghasị ụmụ irighiri protein, yana polypeptidases, nke na-akụri ngwaahịa etisasịworo na ya - albumoses na peptones. Ọ na-ekpocha akụkụ dị mkpa nke ikpeazụ n'ime peptides ma ọ bụ amino asịd. Ekwenyere na chymosin ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic, nke coagulates na-edozi protein, bụkwa akụkụ nke trypsin (chymotrypsin). Tripsin dị n'ụdị arụghị ọrụ, mgbe ahụ ọ na - arụ ọrụ site na enzyme pụrụ iche - enterokinase, nke eriri afọ na-emepụta. Ya mere, trypsin na-agbasa nsonaazụ ya n'ebe dị anya n'akụkụ eriri afọ, ebe enwere onye na-eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ ebe niile. Trypsin activators nwekwara ike ịbụ organic acid a hụrụ na bile ma guzobere n'oge mmebi nke nri, ọdụdụ ọdụdụ na amino asịd

Enzyme nuclease na-agbaji acid nke nucleic.

Ihe ọ juiceụụ pancreatic amylase digates stachi na glycogen ka maltose. Maltose na-etisa site na maltase ka glucose.

Lactase na - eme mmiri ara ehi shuga.

Ihe oriri ọ Panụ fatụ na - egbochi pancreatic juice enzyme - lipase na-emebi abụba dị n'etiti glycerol na ọdụdụ ọdụdụ.

Iwu usoro nzuzo

Omume nke iri nri n’eme ka ndi mmadu juiceua mmiri. Ahụmịhe banyere iri nri nke nkịta nwere nrịgo nke pistulas gosipụtara na mgbe nkeji 2-3 gachara ịmalite inye nri, nkewa ihe ọ juiceụ juiceụ amalite. Agbanyeghị, mwepụ isi ihe mmiri na - ewepụta mgbe ihe dị n’ime si n’ime afọ banye n’ime duodenum. Ihe sitere na saịtị http://wiki-med.com

Nkewa nke ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic, na nzaghachi nke mmiri hydrochloric acid site na afọ, Pavlov weere dị ka mgbanwe. O kwenyere na hydrochloric acid na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-anabata duodenum, nke na-akpata ikewapụ mmiri mmiri. Na-esote, ekwuputara na nkewa ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic na-apụta n’okpuru mmetụta nke homonụ pụrụ iche - nzuzo, nke a na-ewepụta n’ime akpụkpọ ahụ nke duodenum n’okpuru mmetụta hydrochloric acid ma zoo ya n’ime ọbara. Ekwenyere nke a site n'eziokwu ahụ na mwepụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ mucous nke eriri afọ a na ngwọta na-adịghị ike nke hydrochloric acid, ewebata n'ime ọbara, na-akpali ihe nzuzo nke ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic. Agbanyeghị, enwere ihe àmà na nzuzo anaghị eme ihe na gland ahụ gọrọgwara. Ọ, dị ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ na gland ọ bụghị ozugbo, kama ọ bụ site na njedebe akwara. Ihe ọ juiceụụ pancreatic na obere ego, mana ọ bara ụba na ihe bekee na enzymes, na - ekewapụkwa site na mgbakasị ahụ njedebe njedebe nke akwara site na ọkụ eletrik.

Usoro mwepu nke ihe ọ pancụ Theụ pancreatic maka nri dị iche iche yiri nke ahụ na nkewa ihe ọ juiceụricụ gastric, ebe ọ bụ na hydrochloric acid na-akpali nkewa, ihe ọ pancụreụ ihe ọ juiceụ juiceụ nke pancreatic ga-adabere na n ’ọ ofụ mmiri ihe ọ enteringụ gastụ na-abanye na eriri afọ.

Pancreas

Pancreas - igwe nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na usoro diges, oke ya bụ 60-100 g, ogologo ya bụ 15-22 cm.

Ala gland nwere agba uhie-acha odo odo, ebe osiri, osiso uzo uzo si duodenum 12 rue nkpuru. Isi ya dị obosara dị n’ime akpukpo uhie nke duodenum 12 guzobere. Ejiri obere capsule kpuchie gland.

A na - eme ngwangwa a dika glands abuo: exocrine na endocrine. Akụkụ exocrine nke gland na-amịpụta mmiri mmiri dị 500-700 nke mmiri ọgwụ mmadụ n'ime ụbọchị, nke nwere enzymes nke gụnyere na mgbaze nke protein, abụba na carbohydrates. Akụkụ endocrine nke pancreas na-emepụta homonụ nke na-achịkwa carbohydrate na abụba metabolism (insulins, glucagon, somatostatin, wdg).

Akụkụ exocrine nke pancreas bụ ihe dị omimi alveolar-tubular gland, nke kewara na ngalaba site na iji otu obere mkpụkọ interlobular nke na-esite na okpu. Acinuses nke acinocytes (mkpụrụ ndụ pancreatic) dị na lobules. Mkpụrụ ndụ dị n’ime ibe ha.

Acinus nwere eriri afọ abụọ bụ ngalaba na arụ ọrụ nke mpaghara exocrine nke pancreas. Ihe nzuzo na-abanye na lumen nke acinus. Site na oghere ndị etinyere, ihe nzuzo a na-abanye abanye na intralobular. Duperes introlobular gbara ya gburugburu site na anụ ahụ na - ejikọ anụ ahụ na - abanye n'ime mkpụkọ interlobular, nke na - abanye n'ime isi nke pancreas ma, na - ejikọta ya na otu ihe na-emetụta otu ihe, banye na lumen nke duodenum.

A na-etinyere akụkụ endocrine nke pancreas site na otu mkpụrụ ndụ - agwaetiti dị iche iche. Onu ogugu nke pancreatic di na onodu okenye sitere na nde 1 rue nde 2. A kọwara ọrụ nke endocrine nke pancreas na ngalaba Endocrine.

Guzobe, ihe mejuputara na ihe ogugu nke ihe onunu

Ọrịa mmadụ na-enweghị afọ na-ezobe obere ihe nzuzo. Mgbe enwetara ihe oriri n'ime afọ n'ime duodenum 12, pancreas mmadụ na-ezo ihe ọ juiceụ juiceụ na nkezi nke 4.7 ml / min. N'ehihie, a na-ahapụ lita 1-2-2.5 nke ihe ọ juiceụ juiceụ nke ihe mejupụtara ya.

Ihe ọiceụụ mmiri na-enweghị mmiri ọparentụ withụ nwere mmiri mmiri dị 987 g / l. Ọkpụkpọ alkaline ọkalụ juiceụ pancreatic (pH = 7.5-8.8). Ihe ọ juiceụụ Pancreatic na-etinye aka na neutralization na alkalization nke nri acidic nke afọ n'ime afọ duodenum 12, bara ụba na enzymes na-agbari ụdị nri niile.

Isiokwu. Ihe ndị bụ isi nke mmiri nzuzo

Ihe ngosiputa

Njirimara

Ike ndọda, g / ml

NSO - ₃ - ruru 150 mmol / L, yana Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Zn 2+, NRA₄ 2-, SO₄ 2-

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A na B, elastase

Lipase, phospholipase, cholesterolipase, lecithinase

Ihe nzuzo nke ihe ọreatụ pancụ nke pancreatic na-abawanye nke ukwuu mgbe nkeji iri abụọ na asaa gachara mgbe ị risịrị nri wee ruo awa 6-14. Olu, ihe mejupụtara ihe ọ juiceụ juiceụ ahụ, yana ihe omimi nke ihe nzuzo. Di elu acidity nke nri nri nke afọ na-abanye duodenum, ihe ọ pancụ pancụ ọ na-eme karịa.

Ọrịa pancreatic

Ihe nzuzo n’ariri oge a na-akpali ya site n’iri ya, o nwere ikike e ji mara ya ma gafere ọtụtụ usoro.

Nke mbu, ma obu n'ụbụrụ, usoro nzuzo ahụ na-ekpebi n'ụdị, isi nri na ihe iwe ndị ọzọ metụtara iri nri (mgbakasị ahụ na-ewe iwe), yana nsonaazụ nke ọnya na-anabata ọnụ, na-ata ma na-elo ihe (enweghị mgbakasị ahụ mgbakasị ahụ). Mmetụta akwara na-ebilite na ndị na-anabata ya na-eru medulla oblongata wee banye site na eriri nke akwara ahụ banye gland wee mee ka nzuzo ya.

Nke abuo, ma obu ventricular, usoro a na - egosipụta na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ihe nzuzo nke gland na - akwalite ma na - akwado ya site na mgbanwe sitere n'aka ndị na - emegharị ahụ na ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri nke afọ.

Na uzo nke ihe di n’ime n’ime duodenum, nke ato malitere, ma obu eriri afọ, otu usoro nzuzo nke metụtara ihe na mucous akpụkpọ ahụ duodenum 12 nke ọdịnaya acidic ya. A na - eme ka ihe nzuzo dị na ntanetị iji mee ka ọzịza ngwa ngwa nke mmiri ọgwụ a na - egbu. Nri na-ebute mmụba na mwepụta nke enzymes niile na ihe ọ juiceụ ,ụ ahụ, mana maka ụdị nri dị iche iche, egosiri mmụba a ruo otu dị iche. Ihe oriri nwere oke ọdịnaya nke carbohydrates na-eme ka mmụba nke ihe ọ amụ ofụ nke amylases (enzymes na-emebi carbohydrates), protein - trypsin na trinsinogen, nri ndị nwere abụba - lipase, i.e. pancreas na - eme site na inyocha ihe ndị ọzọ nke enzyme nke na - eme ka ihe ndị kachasị ibu dị na nri gharazie isi ike.

Mgbuji na obere eriri afọ

Mgbaze na obere eriri afọ (duodenum, jejunum na ileum) na - ahụ maka hydrolysis nke ihe ndị mejupụtara nri iji mepụta monomers, n'ụdị nke a ga-esi enweta nri site na eriri afọ banye n'ọbara na lymph. Mgbaze na ya bụ nke a rụrụ n'okpuru ndu nke pancreatic ihe ọ juiceụ enụ enzymes ke nsia eriri afọ (eriri afọ)mgbaze) na n'okpuru ọrụ nke enzymes nke edoziri na microvilli na glycocalyx filaments (Mbelata nkocha). A na-eme ụfọdụ enzymes ndị a site na pancreas, ụfọdụ na-emekwa site na gland nke mgbidi eriri afọ. Agba ikpeazụ nke mgbaze na obere eriri afọ bụ mgbaze na membranes nke sel eriri afọ epithelial (akpụ akpụkpọ ahụ), rụrụ n'okpuru ọrụ nke enzymes nke gland nke eriri afọ mgbidi metụtara usoro nke oriri nke nri.

Isi ọrụ na mgbaze nri na obere eriri afọ bụ nke usoro dị na duodenum. Ihe acidic chyme nke na-abanye n’ime ya na-anọchi anya ihe ndị ọzọ doziri n’usoro na nke akụkụ gbarie agbari. O nwere abụba undigested n'ụdị triglycerides, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, protein na-agbadata na polypeptides na oligopeptides, nwere obere akụkụ na carbohydrates n'ụkpụrụ ala, glycogen, eriri, yana nucleic acid na ihe ndị ọzọ Organic na inorganic. Ya mere, maka mgbaze ha, geses ges kwesịrị iwepụta nnukwu enzymes dị iche iche na ọnọdụ dị mma maka igosipụta ọrụ ha ga-abụrịrị kee n’ime eriri afọ.

Ihe omuma nke onodu di otu a bido site na eziokwu na bicarbonates nke ihe ọ juiceụ ofụ nke pancreas na-agbaze chyme. Omume nke pepsin na duodenum kwụsịrị, ebe ọ bụ na pH nke ihe ndị dị na ya na-agafe gburugburu alkaline, na-eru 8.5 (sitere na 4 ruo 8.5). Bicarbonates, ihe ndị ọzọ inorganic na mmiri na-abanye n'ime mmiri ihe ọ byụ pancụ site na mkpụrụ ndụ epithelial nke tubules na ducts nke gland. Mwepụta nke bicarbonates na-adabere na pH nke ihe ndị dị n’ime eriri afọ ya na ịdị elu ya acidity, a na-ahapụ ngwaahịa alkaline karịa, mwepụ nke chyme n’ime jejunum na-akwụsịlata.

A na-enzymes ihe ọ juiceụ Panụ Pancreatic site na epithelium nke acini nke gland. Nzoputa ha dabere n’ụdị oriri nri yana ọrụ nke usoro nchịkwa dị iche iche.

Ihe nzuzo mmiri pancreatic na usoro ya

Isi enzyme proteolytic nke ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic na-ezo ezo n'ụdị zymogens, i.e. na arụghị ọrụ. Ndị a bụ trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, procarboxypeptidase A na B. Ihe na - eme ka ahụ mmadụ na - arụ ọrụ nke trypsinogen na ntụgharị ya n'ime trypsin bụ enterokinase (endopeptidase), nke duodenal mucosa mepụtara. Pskpụrụ trypsin na-esote bụ autocatalytic. Trypsin na - eme ka chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidases A na B arụ ọrụ, yana usoro ntọhapụ nke enterokinase. Trypsin, chymotrypsin na elastase bụ endopeptidases. Ha na-emebi ihe nchebe na polypeptides dị elu na molikulaiki na peptides dị ala na obere amino acid. Carboxypeptidases A na B (exopeptidases) na-edobe peptides na amino acid.

Isiokwu. Hydrolytic edinam nke pancreatic enzymes

Enzyme

Ebe nrụọrụ

Proteolytic

Mmekọrịta peptide nke dị n'etiti nsị amino acid n'akụkụ

Iwu nke ọrụ nzuzo nke akwara afọ

Obi erughị ala

Humoral

Ofdị nke mgbanwe site na ọkwa

Mmegharị nke ahịhịa ndụ

Ọnọdụ

Parasympathetic

Hormon ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ike

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 (lee n'okpuru)

(lee okpuru)

Mkpali

Braking

Mkpali

Braking

Mmetụta ikpeazụ

Nzuzo na-akpalite uru

Edozi uru maka izo ya ezo

Ekike maka usoro iwu usoro nzuzo nke pancreatic secretion:

Mmetụta mkpali nwee homonụ:

1 - secretin, 2 - cholecystokinin-pancreosimine, 3 - gastrin, 4 - insulin, 5 - bọta, 6 - ihe P (neuropeptide), 7 - salle bile, 8 - serotonin.

Braking edinam nwee homonụ:

1 - glucagon, 2 - calcitonin, 3 - ZhIP, 4 - PP, 5 - somatostatin

VIP nwere ike ịmasị ma gbochie nzuzo nke akwara.

Isi ihe omuma nke ihe nzuzo na cholecystokinin-pancreosimine:

Ọrụ na - eduga n'ime usoro hum humotation nke na - egbochi ọria nke homonụ: gastrị, cholecystokinin-pancreosimine. Isi nzuzo na - eme ka mwepụta nke mmiri mmiri pịrị apị bara ụba nke bicarbonates, ebe ọ na - akpali akwara epithelial nke akwara intralobular. Cholecystokinin-pancreosimine eme ihe na pancreatic acinus pancreatocytes, yabụ, ihe ọ juiceụ theụ zoro ezo bara ụba na enzymes. Isi nzuzo ewepụtara site na mkpụrụ ndụ S endocrine S mgbidi nke duodenum 12 na stereretin adịghị arụ ọrụ, nke HCl nke gastric chyme na-arụ ọrụ. Nhọrọ cholecystokinin-pancreosimine rụrụ site na mkpụrụ ndụ I nke sel duodenal n'okpuru mmetụta na-akpali akpali nke ngwaahịa nke hydrolysis mbụ nke protein nri na abụba, yana ụfọdụ amino acid.

Imeju bụ gland na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere endocrine na ọrụ exocrine. Ọ bụ gland kasị ukwuu nke okporo ụzọ nri. Dị ka endocrine gland, ọ na-ekere òkè na metabolism nke protein, abụba na carbohydrates. Dika exocrine - na - eweputa bile.

Ihe mgbochi na arụ ọrụ nke imeju bụ lop na hepatic. O mejuputara okpueze imeju, nke, n'aka nke ya, bu nke akwara nke imeju guzobere - hepatocytes. Ahịrị nke eriri nke bile dị n'agbata ahịrị nke hepatocytes na-eme ụta. Mkpokoro ndị a dị na ngaghari nke ọmarịcha okirikiri na-abanye na ọdụ mmiri na-agba agba na-agbanye. Hepatocytes zoro ezo bile n'ime lumen nke capliries bile. Ihe ndị a bụ usoro nke oghere dị n'etiti hepatocytes n'akụkụ. Site na ihe eji ebu ibu, site na lobular ma obu interlobular bile dule, bile na-abanye n’ariri ibu bile nke na-esonye na mbido uzo osisi.

Nke a na-eme, ụgbọ mmiri ebeleji ji nwayọọ nwayọọ jikọta ya na usoro ịba ọcha n'anya na mpaghara ọnụ ụzọ imeju. Site na duct a, bile nwere ike banye ma ọ bụ site na cystic duct n'ime gallbladder ma ọ bụ banye na otu dule nkịtị. Udiri a na-emepe n'ime duodenum na mpaghara nke duodenal nip (tupu ọ agbapụta, eriri bele na-ejikọkarị ya na akwara). Na mpaghara ọnụ ọnụ ebe a na - agbaru mmiri sphincter nke Oddi.

Usoro nke bile guzobere:

Bile Nnu: n'ime hepatocytes sitere na cholesterol, a na -eme ka acid acid bụ isi - cholic na chenodeoxycholic. N’ime imeju, acid ndị a na-agwakọta ya na glycine ma ọ bụ taurine, a na-apịpụkwa ha n’ụdị nnu sodium nke glycolic na potassium nke taurocholic acid.A na-etinye nnu nnu ndị ọzọ na Naịl n'ime oghere nke bile canaliculi, mmiri wee na-agbadata ọkwa osmotic. N'akụkụ a, ihe niile nwere ike ịbanye n'ime mmiri dule bile nwere mmetụta choleretic. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-emepụta ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ bile (ihe dị ka 40% nke mkpokọta ụda) agbanyeghị ọdịnaya nke bile acid.

N'ime akụkụ nke obere eriri afọ, ihe dị ka 20% nke isi bile acids na - abanye acid bele nke abụọ - deoxycholic na lithocholic. Lee banyere 90-95% bile acids rụsikwara ọrụ ike wee weghachite ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na imeju. A na-akpọ usoro a hepato-intestinal mgbasa nke bile asịd. 2-4 g nke bile acid na-ekere òkè na mgbasa a, a na-emeghari okirikiri a ugboro 6-10 ugboro iri abụọ na anọ. N'ime oge a, ihe dị ka 0.6 g nke bile acid na-apụ n'anya na feces ma dochie ya na resynthesis na imeju.

Isi akwukwo: bilirubin, biliverdin na urobilinogen bụ ngwaahịa ire ere na imeju haemoglobin. A na-ahuta Biliverdin n'ime akuko ndi mmadu na otutu akara aka. Bilirubin enweghị mmiri na mmiri, ya mere, a na-ebuga ya n'ọbara na imeju n'ihe metụtara albumin ọbara. Na hepatocytes, bilirubin na-akpụkọta mmiri nwere soluble na glucuronic acid na obere obere na sulfate. N'ehihie, a na-ahapụ 200-300 mg nke bilirubin na duodenum, ihe dị ka 10-20% nke ego a bụ nke a na-enwetaghachi n'ụdị urobilinogen ma tinye ya na mgbasa eriri afọ. Ndị ọzọ nke bilirubin na-abụpụ apụ na feces.

K + na Cl - na-agbanwere n'efu n'etiti bile na plasma. Ihe mgbanwe HCO₃ - na - eme n'etiti Cl - ya mere enwere bicarbonates na bile karia chlorides.

Ntughari nke bile na ngwa biliary bu n'ihi:

Nrụgide dị na ọnya biliary na duodenum,

Ọnọdụ ọrịa biliary extrahepatic.

Enwere sphincters 3: a) na olu nke ọnya afọ - na Lyutkins sphincter, b) na confluence nke cystic na nkịtị bile ducts - the Mirizzi sphincter, c) na ngwụcha ngalaba nke jikọrọ otu ihe dị na ntanetị - Oddi sphincter. A na-ekpebi ọkwa nke nrụgide dị na dule bile site na ogo imeju na bile zoro ezo na mgbako nke uru ahụ dị mma nke akwara ndị ahụ na mgbidi. Nrụgide dị n'etiti eriri mmiri bile na - anọ site na kọlụm mmiri mmiri 4 ruo 300 mm, mgbe ị na - eri nri - 150-260 mm kọlụm, nke na - eme ka ọpụpụ nke bile site na sphincter nke Oddi mepere emepe na duodenum.