Homonụ nke ọrịa ụjọ na ọrụ ha na metabolism

Pancreas - anụ nwere akụkụ ihe dị ka 15-25 centimita ogologo, 3-9 sentimita n'obosara yana sentimita 2-3 ka ọ dị, nke dị n’akụkụ afọ (nke ọ nwetara aha ya). Iju oke nke pancreas bụ ihe dị ka gram 70-80. Ígwé na arụ nnukwu ọrụ na usoro nri. Anụ a na-ahụ maka ya bụ nke abụọ kachasị na usoro nri (ya na imeju ya).

N’ime mmadụ, ọria di ya n’arọ sitere na gram 80 ruo 90. Nri a na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ na usoro metabolic na nri, na-arụ ọrụ abụọ bụ isi - exocrine na intrasecretory.

Nri a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na metabolism na usoro nri, na-arụ ọrụ abụọ bụ isi - exocrine na intrasecretory.

Ọrụ exocrine bụ ịnweta mmiri ọreatụ pancụ pancreatic nke nwere enzymes (trypsin, lipase, maltase, lactase, amylase, wdg) n'ime duodenum, si otú a na-egbochi ihe acidic nke afọ ma na-ekere òkè ozugbo na mgbaze. Ọrụ intra-nzuzo bụ mmepụta nke homonụ (insulin, glucagon na lipocoin).

Insulin na glucagon bụ n'etiti ndị na - emegide ụzọ, na - edozi shuga ọbara nkịtị, na - etinye aka na metabolism.

Lipocoin na - akwalite ịmepụta phospholipids n'ime imeju, nke na - emetụta ọfụma nke abụba abụba. Site na ụkọ ya, o nwere ike imebi abụba. Ọdịnaya ọdịnaya ya na-egbochi ọdịdị nke imeju abụba na pancreas n'onwe ya.

A na - eme pancreas n'ime mmiri a na - eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị n'ime duodenum, na, na mgbakwunye na mmiri mmiri, enwere mmiri mucous na nnukwu enzymes. A na - ewepụta enzymes n'ụdị adịghị arụ ọrụ ma na - arụ ọrụ na duodenum n'okpuru ọrụ nke bile, enterokinase, ihe ha mere bụ mmebi nke protein, abụba na carbohydrates n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi.

Ducten na-aga n'ime gland n'onwe ya, nke ga-emepe n'ime duodenum. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, akwara ji apịtị na-adịkarị na-eme ka ampoule juru ebe niile ma meghee n'ime nnukwu ara nke duodenum.

Ihe dị mkpa nke pancreas maka ndụ

Nri (Pancreas) bụ akụkụ pụrụ iche nke akụkụ abụọ mebere onwe ya - akụkụ na ala. N'ime ígwè ahụ nwere ihe owuwu, ma na-eyi ya dịka nnukwu ụyọkọ. Dị ka aha ahụ na-egosi, Pancreas dị na mpaghara epigastric nke aka ekpe, gbadaa site na afọ (mgbe ahụ mmadụ dina n'usoro). Anụ a na-ahụ maka ya bụ akụkụ nke usoro nri yana nke endocrine, n'ihi na ọ na-arụ ọrụ exocrine (exocrine) na endocrine (intracecretory) n'otu oge.

A na-ahụ arụmọrụ nke mpụga (exretory) na mpaghara exocrine nke anụ ahụ, nke nwere 98% nke oke ya. Ihe ọ juiceụ Theụ pancreatic a na-emepụta ebe a nwere enzymes diges. Na-apụ apụ na lumen nke duodenum, ọgwụ pancreatic na-etinye aka na mgbaze nri, na-akụda protein, abụba na carbohydrates.

Ma ihe mejupụtara ya na ego nke ihe ọreatụ pancụ pancreatic na-ekpebi kpam kpam site n'ụdị efere anyị na-eri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, oriri achịcha na - eme ka mwepu nke kachasi n'ime eriri afọ, ngwaahịa anụ na - eme ka mmụcha dị mkpụmkpụ, na mmiri ara ehi - dị ntakịrị. N'oge a na-ebu ọnụ, olu na itinye uche nke enzymes na mmiri ihe ọ pancụ areụ na-eleghara anya.

A na-anọchi anya akụkụ endocrine nke agwaetiti ndị dị na Langerhans - mkpokọta mkpụrụ ndụ ndị pụrụ iche n'etiti lobules na-ekesa ahụ niile nke gland, mana karịa na caudal. Ọ na - emepụta ihe na - eme ihe ọgbụgba ndụ na - arụ ọrụ, nke a na - ewepụta kpọmkwem n'ime ọbara ahụ ma na - ebunye ya na akụkụ ahụ. Homonụ nke a na -akpo pancreatic dị mkpa na metabolism metabolism.

The isi homonụ nke pancreas

Isi ọgwụ homonụ a na-akpọ insulin. Nke a bụ polypeptide nke mejupụtara 51 amino asịd, njikọ nke ya na-ahụ maka mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke agwaetiti pancreatic (insulae pancreaticae). N'ime ha, site na ntinye nke enzymes protease, a na-emepụta homonụ ahụ site na onye bu ya ụzọ, proinsulin, onye ọrụ ya bụ 5% nke ọrụ insulin n'onwe ya.

Insulin nwere aru di otutu ihe ruru 6000 Da ihe mejuputara uzo abuo nke polypeptide na ejiko. Ọkpụkpụ insulin nke anụ ahụ insulin n'ọbara mmadụ dị site na 3 ruo 25 mkU / ml, n'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime ogo ya ruru 5-27 mkU / ml, na ụmụaka, ọ bụ 3-20 mkU / ml.

Na mgbakwunye na insulin, akụkụ endocrine nke pancreas na-arụpụta:

• glucagon,
• c bụ peptide,
• polypeptide na-egbochi
• gastrin
• amylin

Ọrụ nke homonụ na-eme ka mmadụ nwee ahụ mmadụ

Ọrụ nke insulin

Isi ihe dị na insulin bụ iwetulata ọkwa shuga dị ala site na ịgbalite usoro nke itinye n'ọrụ (nnabata) nke glucose na nnabata ya site na uru ahụ na akwara. Ọ na - eme dị ka ndị a.

Amịlase a gwara mmanụ ka ọ ga-eme nke ọma na-abanyezi n'ọbara ndị dị mfe - maltose na glucose, emesia nke ikpeazụ a na-abanye n'ọbara. N'ebe ahụ, site na enyemaka nke insulin, a na-agbanwe glucose na glycogen - polysaccharide, nke itinye ya na imeju na akwara. Ya mere, n'okpuru ike nke insulin, anụ ahụ na-abanye shuga.

Usoro nke insulin na-arụpụta n'ọtụtụ ụzọ n'otu oge. Nke mbu, homonụ ahụ na - egbochi ịtọhapụ glucose site na sel nke imeju ma n'otu oge ahụ na - eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ nke anụ ahụ anyị na - agbakọta, na - eme ka mmụba shuga dị. N'akụkụ a, insulin na-akwụsị ndakpọ nke glucagon, homonụ nke pancreas nwere mmetụta nke insulin.

Ọrụ nke glucagon

Otu polypeptide a na - eme ka alfa pọpọ dị n’agwaetiti nke Langerhans wee nwee nnukwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe dịka 3,500 Da. Ofdị glucagon - enteroglucagon nke mucosa eriri afọ na-emepụta, dịtụ iche na pancreatic na nsonaazụ ya.

Glucagon na-abawanye shuga ọbara site na-eme ka njikọ ya na imeju. Ọ na - akwalite mbibi nke lipids na anụ ahụ adipose. Ya mere, insulin na glucagon na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, na-emesị na-eduga n'ọbara glucose ọbara nkịtị. Na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị a, homonụ nke pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid glands na adrenal gland - adrenaline, cortisol na somatostatin (homonụ na-eto) na-etinye aka na ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa shuga nkịtị.

Pancreatic polypeptide na ọrụ ya

Enweghị ike ịkpọ C-peptide homonụ zuru oke nke pancreas, ebe ọ bụ iberibe akwara proinsulin, nke, mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ya, na-ekesasị n'ọbara ọbara n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla. Nke a ga - enyere gị aka iji ya mee nchoputa nke ọrịa shuga na ọrịa ndị ọzọ nke pancreas na imeju.

Edego mmụba nke ọkwa C-peptide nwere insulinomas. Na mgbakwunye, ihe ngosi a na-enye gị ohere ịgbanwe ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa shuga, na-akọwapụta insulin ọdịnaya n'ime ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ikpebi ọkwa C-peptide na-enyere aka nyochaa ọnọdụ nwa ebu n’afọ n’ime ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọrịa shuga.

Kedu ka homonụ pancreatic si arụ ọrụ?

A maara na insulin na-amalite imepụta na mbido ọbara shuga nke 5.5 mmol / L, ma mgbe ọ bụla glycemia ruru 3.3 mmol / L, a na-akwụsịtụ imepụta ya. N'ihe banyere mmụba nke glucose ọbara, mmụba insulin na-abawanye, mgbe ọ na-agbada, n'ụzọ megidere, glucagon dị ukwuu na-ahapụ.

Homonụ ndị ọzọ na dysfunction endocrine

Ọrụ endocrine nke pancreas, yana ọrụ exocrine n'ọtụtụ ụzọ na-emetụta metabolism na usoro nri.

Akụkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara a na-eme ka homonụ a kapịrị ọnụ metụtara ịkpa aka na mgbaze.

Ihe nzuzo nke pancreatic gland:

1. Ghrelin bụ homonụ agụụ, nke nzuzo nke na-akpali agụụ.
2. Polycptic pancreatic - ihe ihe omimi nke physiology nke ya mejupụtara na igbochi nzuzo nke pancreas ma na-akpali imepụta ihe ọ juiceụ gastụ afọ.
3. Bombesin - na-ahụ maka nri afọ, ọ na - emekwa ka mkpụrụ ndụ pepsin nwee afọ.
4. Lipocaine bụ homonụ nke ihe ọ pụtara bụ nchịkọta nke abụba echekwara.

Ya mere, mgbe ahụ ọrụ a na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị ma rụọ ọrụ ya niile, belata ihe ize ndụ nke ibulite oke ibu na ọrịa shuga. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ahụ ya mgbe niile na mpụga ọgụ n'ụdị nke mmanya ekpughere, mmetụta nke nri abụba, mmebi nwere ike ịdabara metụtara mbibi mbipụta exocrine na endocrine.

Ọrịa pancreatitis bụ mbufụt nke anụ ahụ na - emetụta akụkụ ya niile, yabụ nsogbu ga - ebilite n'ọtụtụ ọkwa.

Na nkenke, enwere ike ekewa pathology nke endocrine nke gland

A na-elekarị ọrịa ịkpa afọ anya dịka ọrịa mellitus na-arịa ọrịa shuga. Nsogbu a bụ enweghị sel nke beta dị n’agwaetiti Langerhans, ma ọ bụ imebi ọrụ nzuzo ha. Suchmụaka ndị a na-amanye ndụ ha niile ugboro isii 4-6 kwa ụbọchị iji tinye insulin subcutaneously, yana were ọkwa glucose tụọ ọkwa shuga.

Usoro ọnya na-enwete dị ka mmeghachi omume mmebi nke ọrịa akwara - ọnya ahụ ya, na-ekpughe ihe ndị na-egbu egbu. Mmebi dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịda n'ụdị usoro ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke ọrịa mellitus na-abụghị insulin na obere imebi insulin insulin. Onye ọrịa dị otú a ezuola ịgbaso nri. Mbibi nke pancreas nwekwara ike ịdakwasị ya na mmepe nke necrosis, ọrịa na-egbu ndụ nke chọrọ itinye aka n'ịwa ahụ ozugbo.

Usoro endocrinology niile na-achọ ụzọ isi gbochie nsogbu ọrịa ọgbụgba, yana ụzọ iji chebe gland na mmetụta ọjọọ.

Ọgwụgwọ ọrịa palọ

Mellitus na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-arịa insulin. Nanị ụzọ isi agwọ ọrịa a bụ site na ọgwụgwọ insulin. Na mbu, o sitere n'anu anumanu, ugbu a ha na - ewepu insulin mmadu mechara eme ma obu ihe nlere.

Ude a na-abịa n’ụdị abụọ - ihe dị mkpirikpi na ogologo oge. A na - eji insulin eme ihe ngwa ngwa ugboro anọ n'ụbọchị otu nkeji 15 tupu nri, ọ bụ ihe dị ike na - enyere aka ịnagide ibu glucose na - aba ụba.

A na - agbanye insulin ogologo oge ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị - n'ụtụtụ na n'anyasị, ụdị a na - egbochi mgbanye nke glucose ọbara n'ọgba aghara, mgbali anụ ahụ na mmetụta uche.

Enwere nfuli insulin nke a na-agbanye n'ime anụ ahụ; a na-ahazi ngwaọrụ ndị a maka otu oge enwere ike wepụta insulin. Isi okwu dị mma nke iji ha bụ enweghị mkpa maka ịgba ntụtụ oge niile, n'etiti ihe ndị dị na ya bụ ọnụ ahịa dị elu na akpachapụghị anya nke ndị ọrịa kwụsịrị ịchịkwa ọkwa shuga ọbara, na-atụkwasị ndụ ha na mgbapụta ahụ.

Na-arịa insulin na-arịa ọrịa shuga mellitus. Ọrụ kachasị na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa a bụ mmezi nke ụzọ ndụ - nke a bụ nri na-edozi ahụ, ịta ahụ, yana nnukwu ahụ mmadụ.

Site n'ọtụtụ glucose dị elu, a na-eji ọgwụ ndị na-ebelata glucose, dị ka glibenclamide, n'ime. Mmetụta ndu nke ọgwụ otu a bụ ime ka e nwee ike itinye insulin site na mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke agwaetiti dị na Langerhans, ebe ọ bụ na ụdị ọrịa shuga a ka na-echekwa ọrụ nke akwara ahụ.

A na - eji shuga edochi - fructose, sorbitol. Nke a na - eme ka ndị ọrịa ghara ịgọnahụ onwe ha ihe ụtọ na ijikwa ọkwa glucose na ahụike ha.

Ọnọdụ na-eyi ndụ egwu

Ọrụ endocrine nke pancreas, dị ka anyị kwurula, dị ezigbo mkpa maka ụbụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.

Ọnọdụ nke anụ ahụ niile na-arụ ọrụ n ’arụ ọrụ a.

Na mgbakwunye na emetụta ọrụ ụbụrụ, pancreas na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke mmeghachi omume ndu na sel sel.

Yabụ, ọ bụrụ na agabiga ọrụ ya, ọnọdụ nwere ike ibute ndu mmadụ, nke gụnyere:

1. Hypoglycemic coma bụ ọnọdụ kachasị sie ike maka ọrụ ụbụrụ; ọ na - ebute insulin nke ukwuu, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ anaghị eri nri mgbe ọ gbasịrị insulin. Site na adịghị ike gosipụtara ya site na adịghị ike, ịba ụba mmụba nke mmụọ. Ihe enyemaka mbu inye mmadụ ihe dị ụtọ ma ọ bụ drinkụọ tii dị ụtọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ahụ siri ezigbo ike nke na mmadụ tụfuru mmụọ, a na-eme ka glucose na-agba ọbara n'ọtụtụ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ na-ata mmiri,
2. Ketoacidotic coma - ihe kpatara ya bụ insulin erughi ezughi oke, ụbụrụ nke ngwaahịa glucose na-emetụta ụbụrụ. Ga-enyo ọnọdụ ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa, vomits, enwere isi acetone n'ọnụ. Nwere ike inyere mmadụ aka site na inye insulin,
3. Hyperosmolar coma bụ ọkwa ka njọ nke glucose ngafe n’ime ọbara. Maka ebumnuche shuga dị n'ọbara, oke osmotic nke mmiri ahụ na-abawanye, nke a na-eduga n'eziokwu ahụ na mmiri na-abanye n'ime sel. Ọkpụkpụ intracellular mmiri bụ edema. N'ezie, enwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa edere site na ịdepụta ọgwụ diuretics, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ bụrụ na enweghị mmetụta nsị maka onye ọrịa. Mana ọtụtụ oge, ọbụlagodi na enwere ike ịchekwa onye nọ na steeti a, ọ ga-enwe nnukwu nsogbu akwara ozi.

Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iche na ọnweghị ọrịa na oge na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa endocrine pancreatic. Iri swiiti n’oge nwere ike ichebe ndụ mmadụ.

A na-enye ozi banyere ọrụ palpis na vidiyo n'isiokwu a.