Ihe Na - akpata Ọbara Ọbara

Enwere ike iche na ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara amụbaala (ma ọ bụ, n'ụzọ ziri ezi karị, ọkwa nke glycemia) dị ka ihe mgbaàmà ndị a:

• akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ a na-apụghị inyochapụta
• akpụkpọ anụ mucous na akpụkpọ,
• mmamiri gabiga ókè, njem ị na-aga ugboro ugboro n’ụlọ mposi, ọkachasị n’abalị, n’enweghị ihe mgbu,
• mmamịrị bụ ìhè, transperent,
• ibu ma ọ bụ, ọzọ, emiguation,
• mụbara agụụ
• Isi na itching,
• anya ntughari
• mgbakasị ahụ
• ndọpụ uche, ụra n’ụbọchị, belatara arụmọrụ ya.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke hyperglycemia bụ ọrịa ọnya na-efe efe ugboro ugboro, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị. A na-ahụta na ọrịa ọrịa fungal nke anụ ahụ, akụkụ ahụ, mucosa nke edere bụ ihe ngosipụta nke shuga dị elu.

Ọbara shuga dị elu na ọkwa mmamịrị na-arụ ọrụ dịka mkpụrụ nri maka microflora pathogenic. Maka nke a, microflora pathogenic na-abawanye ụba n'ọbara, ọ bụ ya mere ọrịa na-efe efe na-abawanye ụba mgbe shuga bilitere.

Ihe mgbaàmà nke hyperglycemia na-apụta n'ihi akpịrị nke anụ ahụ, nke emepụtara n'ihi ike nke molecule glucose mmiri.

Ọ bụ glucose, site n’ime ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri, mmiri mkpụrụ ndụ, na - emebi mmiri, ọ dịkwa mmadụ mkpa ịgbanwe mmiri. Njirimara ọhụụ nke hyperglycemia na-apụta kpọmkwem site na akpịrị mmiri.

Mmụba nke mmiri kwa ụbọchị nke mmiri na-abanye n’ahụ mgbe hyperglycemia na-abawanye ibu dị na sistem na akwara ọbara, nke na-emepụta ọnọdụ maka mmepe nke ọbara mgbali elu.

Ọbara mgbali elu, n'aka nke ya, ji nwayọ na-emebi mgbidi nke arịa ọbara, na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị nkọ, na -eme ihe ndabere maka ọdịdị nke oghere anherosclerotic na oghere ọbara.

Ọbara ọbara

Site na mmụba shuga, ọbara na-abawanye viscous, glycation (glycosylation) usoro na-etolite na ya, na-esonye na mgbakwunye nke glucose na protein, lipids, na ihe ndị na-eme na-eme na-enweghị òkè nke enzymes.

Ọnụego glycation na-adabere nanị na ịta glucose. Dị ka ọ na-adị, na ahụike, usoro ịmegharị na-eme, mana nwayọ nwayọ.

Site na hyperglycemia, usoro mmegharị ahụ na-agbatị ọsọ. Ọbara glucose na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na - emekọ ihe, nke a na - ebute mkpụkọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie glycated nke na - ebu oxygen nke ọma karịa mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie oge niile.

Mbelata arụmọrụ nke ikuku oxygen na-eduga enweghị enweghị ihe a na ụbụrụ, obi. Na n'ihi viscosity dị elu nke ọbara na mgbanwe na akwara vaskụla, enwere ihe iyi egwu nke mgbapu nke arịa ọbara, nke na-eme na ọnya na nkụchi obi.

Glycation nke leukocytes na-eduga n'eziokwu ahụ na arụmọrụ ha belata. N'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na shuga ọbara nwere ike ịba ụba, ọrụ nke sistem na-ebelata, ọ bụ ya mere ọnya ọ bụla ji eji nwayọ nwayọ.

Gịnị kpatara ibu ji agbanwe

Ibu ibu bụ ihe e ji mara shuga 2. Ọrịa ahụ na-apụta mgbe onye ọrịa bidoro ọrịa metabolic - ọnọdụ nke ejikọta oke ibu, hyperglycemia, na atherosclerosis.

Ọrịa shuga na-abụghị insulin na-akpata 2 bụ nke mbelata na-eme ka mmadụ mara ihe nke anụ ahụ, ọkachasị akwara, ndị na-anabata insulin. Mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ọrịa a anaghị enweta nri nri, n’agbanyeghi na ọkwa shuga dị elu na-elu, ọ bụ ya mere mmadụ ji amalite iri oke nri.

Site na ịbawanye ọrịa shuga na-akpata insulin, a na-ahụkarị oke ịbelata nke ukwuu, bụ nke na-egosi dịka mmụba bara ụba nke glucose ọbara.

Ọ bụrụ na ifelata na obere oge n’ime obere oge site na ọtụtụ kilogram, ọ dị gị mkpa ịhụ dọkịta, ebe ọ bụ na mgbanwe nke ibu a bụ ihe na-egosi enweghị arụ n’ahụ.

Mgbe shuga dị ọbara bilitere

Ihe na-abawanye shuga dị n’ọbara bụ:

• physiological - arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, nrụgide uche-mmụọ
• ị .ụbiga mmanya ókè
• ọrịa.

Ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ na-eme mgbe oriri glucose na-arị elu nke ọma. A na - eme ka ike a na - echekwa na carbohydrates na ahụike na - enwe nsogbu akwara, ọ bụ ya mere shuga ọbara na - ebili n'oge ọrụ.

Mwepụta nke adrenaline na homonụ ndị ọzọ na-akpata nchekasị kpatara ihe mgbu n’oge trauma, ọkụ, nwekwara ike iduga hyperglycemia. Mmụba dị ukwuu nke adrenaline, cortisol, norepinephrine so na:

• mwepu nke glucose nke umeji chekwara dịka glycogen,
• njikọta insulin na glucose ike.

Mmụba nke insulin na ọbara n'ọbara n'ihi nrụgide bụkwa n'ihi mbibi nke ndị na - anabata insulin n'oge hyperglycemia. N'ihi nke a, mmetụta nke anụ ahụ ruo n’ime insulin na-ebelata, mkpụrụ ndụ n’arụghịkwa glucose ha chọrọ, n’agbanyeghi na enwere oke n’ime ọbara.

Sugar nwere ike ibute na ahụike nwere sịga, ebe ọ bụ na nicotine na-akpali mmepụta nke homonụ cortisol na uto hormone, ọ bụ ya mere hyperglycemia n'ọbara ji amalite.

N'ime ụmụ nwanyị, a na-achọpụta shuga dị ukwuu tupu mmalite nke nsọ nsọ. N'oge afọ ime, a na-ahụkwa mmụba shuga mgbe ụfọdụ, nke na-akpata ọrịa shuga, nke na-edozi onwe ya mgbe a mụsịrị nwa.

Ihe na - akpata shuga dị n’ọbara n’ime ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịbụ iji ọgwụ na - egbochi afọ ime ma ọ bụ ọgwụ. Hyperglycemia sitere na ị coụ corticosteroids, ọgwụ beta-blocker, thiazide diuretics, rituximab, antidepressants.

N ’ma ụmụ nwoke ma ụmụ nwanyị, arụmọrụ nwere ike ibute shuga dị elu.

Thelọ akwara maka nzaghachi anụ ahụ mepụtara ọwa ọzọ maka ijide glucose site n'ọbara na-enweghị ike insulin. Na enweghị mmega ahụ, usoro a nke iwetulata ọkwa nke glycemia adịghị etinye aka.

Kedu ọrịa na-akpata hyperglycemia

A na-achọpụta hyperglycemia ọ bụghị naanị ọrịa shuga. Ọbara shuga na-ebili na ọrịa metụtara akụkụ, nke:

• metabolize carbohydrates na abụba,
• A na-emepụta ọgwụ homonụ na-egbochi ọgwụ homonụ na insulin.

Ejiri ọbara shuga dị elu yana ọrịa:

• ọrịa imeju na-adịghị ala ala
• ọrịa akụrụ
• pancreas - pancreatitis, tumo, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis,
• sistemu endocrine - acromegaly, ọrịa Cushing, somatostatinoma, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, oke ibu,
• Wernicke encephalopathy kpatara vitamin B1,
• black acanthosis,
• ọnọdụ ọjọọ - ọnya afọ, ọgbụgba myocardial, nnukwu nkụchi obi, ọgụ nke Akwụkwụ na-adọ, oge mgbe a gbasịrị ya n’afọ.

Nnukwu shuga bụ ihe e ji amata ọnọdụ mgbe ọ na-eyi ndụ egwu. N'ime ndị ọrịa kwetara na ngalaba nlekọta ahụike, ana-ahụkarị hyperglycemia.

Ọrịa Pancreatic

Anụ a na-amịrị a theụ bụ ihe kacha arụ ọrụ maka ọbara shuga. Ọ na - eme ka insulin homonụ na glucagon homonụ ya, ọria ahụ na-achịkwa ọria ahụ na nke hypothalamus.

Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, na-arịa shuga dị n'ọbara, na-eme ka insulin na-arụ ọrụ, na-eme ka a ghara iri shuga ọbara. Nke a na - eduga n'ịbelata ịdị n'otu ya.

Site na pathologies nke pancreas, arụ ọrụ ya na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-eduga n'ịbelata insulin ịta. N'ihi ụkọ ahụ, homonụ dị n'ọbara na-ebili.

Ọrịa endocrine

N'ime ahụike, homonụ nkịtị dị na homonụ dị n'ahụ na-achịkwa ọkwa glucose.

Insulin bu onye wedata glucose, homonu ndi ozo na aru oru n’ibulite ihe di n’ime ya:

• pancreas - glucagon,
• gland adrenal - testosterone, cortisol, adrenaline,
• thyroid gland - thyroxine,
• pituitary gland - uto hormone.

Site na mmebi nke akụkụ ahụ endocrine, mmụba nke mmepụta homonụ a na-ebute, na-ebulite ọkwa shuga ọbara.

Amylin homonụ ahụ na-etinye aka na njikwa nke glycemia, nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịgbari glucose na nri ịba n'ọbara. Mmetụta a na - aputa ihe site na ibelata itinye ihe dị n’ime afọ n’ime eriri afọ.

N’otu aka ahu, site n’ibelata ahihia n’onu, homonu nke imeghari. A guzobere ìgwè ndi a n’ime eriri afọ ma na -ebelata iwere ume-ume.

Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ dịkarịa ala otu homonụ ahụ mebiri emebi, mgbe ahụ, ihe pụrụ iche na ọrụ nke sistemụ endocrine na-eme, na enweghị mgbazi ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ, ọrịa ahụ na-etolite.

Nmebi site na ihe ndi mmadu na aru oru homonu gunyere:

• ọbara ọgbụgba,
• Ọrịa Somoji
• chi ọbụbọ.

Hyperglycemia dị mkpirikpi bụ ọnọdụ nke na-amalite site na mbelata nke insulin na mmụba nke cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline. Mmụba nke shuga na-apụta n'abalị ma na-adịgide n'ụtụtụ mgbe ị na-atụ shuga na afọ efu.

N'abalị, ọrịa Somoji nwere ike ịmalite - ọnọdụ shuga dị elu na-ebute mbupụta insulin, yana hypoglycemia nke na-etolite na nzaghachi na-enyere aka iwelie mmepụta homonụ shuga.

Mmetụta nke mmepụta homonụ na glycemia

N'isi ụtụtụ, ụmụaka nwere ịrị elu na shuga n'ihi mmeghachi omume nke homonụ somatostatin, nke na-eme ka imeju na-abawanye mmepụta glucose.

Na-abawanye glycemia site na ịba ụba mmepụta cortisol. Otito nke homonụ a na-akwalite mbibi nke protein n’ahụ n’ime amino acid, na-emekwa ka okpete ghara ibido ha.

Ihe omume adrenaline gosiputara na osooso oru nke aru aru niile. Emepụtara mmetụta a n'oge mmalite ma ọ dị mkpa maka nlanarị.

Mmụba na adrenaline n'ime ọbara na-esochikarị shuga dị elu, n'ihi na, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na-eme mkpebi ma na-eme ngwa ngwa o kwere mee, ike oriri na-abawanye na mkpụrụ ndụ nke ọ bụla ọtụtụ oge.

Ọrịa thyroid

Mmebi nke thyroid gland na-esonyere mmebi nke carbohydrate metabolism na hyperglycemia. Ọ bụ ọnọdụ a kpatara mbelata nke mmepụta homonụ.

Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 60 nke ndị ọrịa nwere thyrotoxicosis nwere nkwarụ glucose ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaàmà ọrịa shuga. Ihe ngosi nke oria shuga na hypothyroidism bu nke ha.

Na ọgwụgwọ na-adịghị mma nke ọnya, ndakpọ, ọ dị mma ịlele ihe kpatara mgbaàmà na-apụta, ọ bụ na ha abụghị ihe ngosipụta na shuga ọbara nwanyị nke nwanyị na-ebili n'ihi hypothyroidism.

Somatostatin

Ọria akpụ nke somatostatin bụ homonụ na-arụ ọrụ ma na-emepụta homonụ nke somatostatin. Oké mmiri a na - egbochi hormone ịmịpụta ọgwụ insulin, ihe kpatara na shuga na - ebili n'ime ọbara, yana ọrịa shuga na - amalite.

Mmụba na shuga ọbara na ụba mmepụta nke somatostatin yana njiri mara:

• ifelata
• afọ ọsịsa
• steatorrhea - excrement na oke nke abụba,
• acidity nke afọ.

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Enwere ike ịbawanye ọbara shuga na Wernicke encephalopathy. Ihe kpatara ọrịa a bụ ụkọ vitamin B1, nke sitere na mmebi nke ọrụ ụbụrụ yana mmụba n'ọbara shuga.

Vitamin B1 na-egbochi ikike nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara iji nweta glucose. N'aka nke ya, a na-egosiputa mmebi nke glucose, n'ọbara ya na ọkwa ọbara.

Nsonaazụ hyperglycemia

Usoro ndị kachasị emerụ emerụ nke na - ebulite na ụba glucose n'ọbara na-egosi na steeti arịa ọbara. Ihe ka ọtụtụ nke mmebi ahụ bụ shuga dị ukwuu n’akwara nke chọrọ oke ọbara, nke mere ụbụrụ, anya na akụrụ ji ata ahụhụ na mbụ.

Mmebi na arịa nke ụbụrụ na akwara obi na-eduga na ọrịa strok na nkụchi obi, mmebi nke retina - na-enweghị isi n'ọhụụ. Ọrịa vaskụla na ụmụ nwoke na-ebute nsogbu na okuko.

Sistemụ akụrụkasị akụrụngwa akụrụngwa. Mbibi nke capillaries nke gbasara akụrụ glomeruli na-eduga na ọdịda akwara, nke na-eyi ndụ nke onye ọrịa ahụ egwu.

Nsonaazụ shuga dị n'ọbara gụnyere nsogbu akwara ji arụ ọrụ, ọgba aghara n’ọrụ ụbụrụ, polyneuropathy na ọnya ọnya na mmepe ụkwụ na-arịa ọrịa shuga na ogwe aka na-arịa ọrịa shuga.