Nlegide insulin - akara, ọgwụgwọ, nri

Nchịkwa insulin bụ mbelata ihe anụ ahụ na ọrụ insulin, nke nwere ike itolite na enweghị ọrịa ọ bụla siri ike. N'ime usoro mbido, nguzogide insulin anaghị enwe mmetụta ọ bụla na ọdịmma, enwere ike ịchọpụta ihe ntụgharị naanị site na mgbanwe mgbanwe data nyocha (ọbara).

Nlegide insulin: akara na ọgwụgwọ. Nri maka iguzogide insulin

Nlegide insulin bu nzaghagharia ihe ndu ndu nke aru n’ahu na ihe oru insulin. Ọ baghị uru ebe insulin sitere, site na pancreas (endogenous) ma ọ bụ site na injections (exogenous).

Nchịkwa insulin na-abawanye ohere nke ọ bụghị naanị ọrịa shuga 2, kamakwa atherosclerosis, nkụchi obi, na ọnwụ mberede n'ihi arịa.

Ihe insulin na-eme bụ ịchịkwa metabolism (ọ bụghị naanị carbohydrates, kamakwa abụba na protein), yana usoro mitogenic - nke a bụ uto, ịmụpụta mkpụrụ ndụ, njikọ DNA, njikọ mkpụrụ ndụ.

Echiche ọgbara ọhụrụ nke nguzogide insulin anaghị ejedebe n’ọrịa metabolism na nsogbu dị n’arụ ọrịa shuga nke 2. Ọ na - agụnye mgbanwe na metabolism nke abụba, protein, gene igosipụta. Karịsịa, nguzogide insulin na-eduga ná nsogbu nke mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial na-ekpuchi mgbidi nke arịa ọbara n'ime. N'ihi nke a, oghere nke arịa ahụ na atherosclerosis na-aga n'ihu.

Ihe mgbaàmà nke nguzogide insulin na nchọpụta ọrịa

Enwere ike inyo gị enyo na ị nwere ọgwụ insulin ma ọ bụrụ na mgbaàmà gị na / ma ọ bụ nyocha gosipụtara na ị nwere ọrịa metabolic syndrome. Ọ gụnyere:

oke ibu (ukwu),
ọbara mgbali elu (ọbara mgbali elu),
nyocha ọbara dị mma maka cholesterol na triglycerides,
ịchọpụta protin n’ime mmamịrị.

Oké ibu n’afọ bụ ihe mgbaàmà kachasị na-egbochi nguzogide insulin. N’ebe nke abụọ bụ ọbara mgbali elu akwara (ọbara mgbali elu). Obere oge, mmadụ anaghị enwe oke ibu na ọbara mgbali elu, mana nyocha ọbara maka kọlestrọl na abụba adịchaala njọ.

Testschọta nguzogide insulin site na iji ule bu nsogbu. N'ihi na itinye uche nke insulin na plasma ọbara nwere ike ịdị iche iche, nke a bụkwa ihe dị mma. Mgbe ị na-enyocha insulin plasma na-ebu ọnụ, ụkpụrụ dị site na 3 ruo 28 mcU / ml. Ọ bụrụ na insulin dị ala karịa n'ọbara ibu ọnụ, ọ pụtara na onye ọrịa ahụ nwere hyperinsulinism.

Mmụba insulin dị n'ọbara na-eme mgbe ọnya a na-amịpụta ya emegwara iji kwụọ ụgwọ ọgwụ insulin na-alụ. Nsonaazụ nyocha a na-egosi na onye ọrịa nwere nnukwu ihe ọghọm ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 na / ma ọ bụ ọrịa obi.

Accuratezọ kachasị mma maka ikpebi nguzogide insulin na-akpọ hyperinsulinemic insulin clamp. Ọ gụnyere nchịkwa ọbara ọbara nke insulin na glucose na-aga n'ihu ruo awa 4-6. Nke a bụ usoro na-agwụ ike, yabụ ọ na-adịkarịghị eji ya eme ihe. Ọ bụ n’uche ha ka ha na -ebu ule ọbara maka ọkwa insulin plasma.

Mmụta emere egosila na achọpụtara insulin:

10% nke mmadụ niile na-enweghị nsogbu metabolic,
n'ime 58% ndị ọrịa nwere ọbara mgbali elu (ọbara mgbali elu karịa 160/95 mm Hg),
n'ime 63% nke ndị nwere hyperuricemia (serum uric acid karịrị 416 μmol / l n'ime ụmụ nwoke na karịa 387 μmol / l n'ime ụmụ nwanyị),
Na 84% nke ndị nwere abụba ọbara (triglycerides karịrị 2.85 mmol / l),
n'ime 88% nke ndị nwere oke cholesterol dị mma (n'okpuru 0.9 mmol / l n'ime ụmụ nwoke na n'okpuru 1.0 mmol / l n'ime ụmụ nwanyị),
na 84% nke ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị shuga 2,
66% nke ndị nwere nsogbu glucose na-arụ ọrụ.

I mee ule ọbara maka cholesterol - achọla cholesterol zuru ezu, mana iche “dị mma” na “jọrọ njọ”.

Otu insulin si achịkwa metabolism

Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, mole insulin na-ekekọta ndị na-anabata ya n’elu mkpụrụ ndụ n’arụ, abụba, ma ọ bụ akwara umeji. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, autophosphorylation nke nnabata insulin na ntinye nke tyrosine kinase yana njikọ ya na ntinye nke insulin receptor 1 ma ọ bụ 2 (IRS-1 na 2).

Ihe ụmụ irighiri IRS, n’aka nke ya, na-arụ ọrụ phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, nke na-akpali ntụgharị nke GLUT-4. Ọ bụ a na - ebu glucose n’ime sel site na akpụkpọ ahụ. Usoro dị otú a na-enye nkwado nke metabolic (njikọ glucose, glycogen synthesis) na mitogenic (njikọta DNA) nke insulin.

Ihe ndị na-akpali glucose site na sel akwara, imeju na akwara adipose,
Nmekorita nke glycogen na imeju (nchekwa nke “ngwa ngwa” glucose na idobere),
Jide amino acid site na sel,
Nlekọta DNA
Nlekọta protin
Ngwakọta na-abụ abụba
Igafe Ion.

Lipolysis (mmebi nke anụ ahụ adipose na ntinye nke ọdụdụ abuba n'ime ọbara),
Gluconeogenesis (mgbanwe nke glycogen na imeju na glucose n'ime ọbara),
Apoptosis (mbibi nke mkpụrụ ndụ).

Mara na insulin na-egbochi ndakpọ nke anụ ahụ adipose. Ọ bụ ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ọkwa nke insulin na ọbara dị elu (hyperinsulinism bụ ihe na-eme ugboro ugboro na insulin na-eguzogide), mgbe ahụ ịtalata oke bụ ihe siri ike, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume.

Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-akpata nguzogide insulin

Nmegide insulin bu nsogbu nke otutu mmadu. A kwenyere na ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kpatara ya bụ mmalite nke mmalite. N'afọ 1962, a kọwapụtara ya na mmiri ọgwụ insulin na-arụ ọrụ bụ ihe nchekwa ndụ n'oge agụụ. Maka na ọ na - eme ka abụba dị n’ahụ n’ahụ n’oge nri hiri nne.

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị agụụ ụmụ oke na-ata ụta ogologo oge. Ndị mmadụ lanarịrịnụ bụ ndị a chọpụtara na ha nwere ọgwụ mgbochi insulin site n'ọmụmụ. Ọ bụ ihe nwute, na ọnọdụ ọhụụ, usoro insulin na-eguzogide “na-arụ ọrụ” maka mmepe nke oke ibu, ọbara mgbali elu na ụdị shuga nke 2.

Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga 2dị nke abụọ nwere ntụpọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mbufe ozi mgbe ha jikọtara insulin na onye nnabata ha. Nke a ka a na-akpọ ntụpọ postreceptor. Nke mbu, imeghari onye na - ebu glucose GLUT-4 na - akpaghasị.

N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, a chọtara ngosipụta nke ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ na-enye metabolism nke glucose na lipids (abụba). Ndị a bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase na ndị ọzọ.

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ nwere ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ga-ebute ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, ọ ga-amata ma ọ bụ ghara bute ọrịa metabolic na ọrịa shuga. Ọ dabere na ụdị ibi ndụ. Ihe ndị kachasị n’ihe ndị dị ize ndụ bụ ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, karịchaa oriri nke carbohydrates nụchara anụcha (sugar na ntụ ọka), yana mmega ahụ dị ala.

Kedu ihe bụ uche nke insulin na anụ ahụ dị iche iche

Maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa, insulin uche nke akwara na anụ ahụ adipose, yana sel akwara, bụ ihe kachasị mkpa. Ma ogo insulin iguzogide anụ ahụ ndị a bụ otu? Na 1999, nnwale gosiri na ọ dịghị.

Nọmalị, iji belata 50% nke lipolysis (nkwụsị abụba) na anụ ahụ adipose, ị nweta insulin na ọbara erughị 10 mcED / ml zuru ezu. Maka nnabata 50% maka ịhapụ glucose n'ime ọbara site na imeju, ihe dị ka 30 mcED / ml nke insulin n'ime ọbara ahụ ka achọrọ. Na iji bulie ume ume mmebi site na anụ ahụ akwara site na 50%, ịchọrọ insulin n'ọbara nke 100 mcED / ml ma dị elu.

Anyị na-echetara gị na lipolysis bụ mmebi nke anụ ahụ adipose. Ọrụ insulin na-egbochi ya, dịkwa ka imeju nke imeju si mepụta glucose. Na -emeju glucose umeji n’ọkpụkpụ site na insulin, n’aka nke ya, ọ na-aba ụba. Biko rụba ama na ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus nke 2, ihe egosipụtara maka insulin insulin n'ọbara ka agafere n'aka nri, ya bụ,, ka mmụba nke insulin na-eguzogide. Usoro a na-amalite ogologo oge tupu ọrịa shuga egosipụta onwe ya.

Mmetụta anụ ahụ anụ ahụ na insulin na-ebelata n'ihi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na nke kachasị - n'ihi ụdị ndụ na-adịghị mma. Na njedebe, mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gasịrị, akwara kwụsịrị ịnagide oke nchegbu. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-achọpụta ụdị ọrịa shuga “ezigbo”. Ọ nwere uru dị ukwuu na onye ọrịa ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ịmalite ọgwụgwọ nke metabolic syndrome dị ka o kwere omume.

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti nguzogide insulin na ọrịa metabolic syndrome

I kwesiri ịmara na nguzogide insulin na-aputa na ndi mmadu nwere nsogbu ahu ike ozo adighi etinye na echiche “metabolic syndrome”. Nke a bụ:

polycystic ovary n'ime ụmụ nwanyị,
ụkwara akwara na-adịghị ala ala
ọrịa na-efe efe
glucocorticoid ọgwụ.

Nlegide insulin na-ebido n’oge ịtụrụ ime, na-agafekwa ịmụ nwa. Ọ na-adịkarị elu site na afọ. Ọ dabere na ụdị ndụ onye agadi na-ebi, ma ọ ga-ebute ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 na / ma ọ bụ ọrịa obi. Ke ibuotikọ emi “Mme usiene udọn̄ọ ke n̄kani owo”, afo oyokụt ata nti ifiọk.

Nchịkwa insulin bụ ihe na-akpata ụdị shuga 2

N'ime ụdị ọrịa shuga abụọ nke ọrịa mamellitus, nguzogide insulin nke akwara akwara, imeju na anụ ahụ adipose bụ ihe kachasị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ. N'ihi nnwere onwe nke insulin, glucose dị ala na-abanye ma “na-anyụ ọkụ” n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ akwara. N'ime imeju, maka otu ihe ahụ, arụ ọrụ nke glycogen na glucose (glycogenolysis) na-arụ ọrụ, yana njikọta glucose site na amino acids na “ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ” (gluconeogenesis).

Egosiputa insulin iguzogide anụ ahu adi adi n’ime ya bu na ihe ndi mmadu na - eme ka insulin na - ebelata. Na mbu, ihe ndi ozo bu mmeputa insulin na-abawanye. N'ọgwụgwụ nke ọrịa ahụ, abụba na-abawanye glycerin na abụba abụba n'efu. Ma n’oge a, ifelata adịghị eweta ọ joyụ dị ukwuu.

Glycerin na ọdụdụ abụba na-abanye umeji, ebe a na-emepụta lipoproteins dị ntakịrị ala. Ndị a bụ ururu emerụ ahụ nke etinyebere n'ahụ mgbidi nke akwara ọbara, na atherosclerosis na-aga n'ihu. Iri oke glucose, bụ́ nke na-apụta n'ihi glycogenolysis na gluconeogenesis, na-abanyekwa n'ọbara.

Nchịkwa insulin na akara nke metabolic syndrome n’ime mmadụ ogologo oge mmepe nke ọrịa shuga mellitus. N'ihi na insulin iguzogide insulin ruo ọtụtụ afọ akwụghachila ụgwọ insulin site na mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke pancreas. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, a na-achọpụta ịbawanye ụba nke insulin n'ime ọbara - hyperinsulinemia.

Hyperinsulinemia nwere glucose ọbara nkịtị bụ akara nke insulin na-eguzogide ma na-egbochi mmepe nke ụdị shuga 2. Ka oge na-aga, mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke a na-eme anwụ anaghịzi anagide ibu iji kwụọ ụgwọ nguzogide insulin. Ha na - emepụta insulin na-erughị ala, onye ọrịa ahụ nwere shuga dị elu na ọrịa shuga.

Nke mbu, usoro mbu nke insulin insulin na-ata ahụhụ, i.e., mwepu insulin n’ime obara n’ime nzaghachi maka ibu nri. Secrezọ insulin a na-ahụkarị na ya si arụ ọrụ gabiga ókè. Mgbe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara rịa, nke a na-akwalitekwu nnagide insulin ma na-egbochi ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta n’ime izochi insulin. A na-akpọ usoro a maka ọrịa shuga “akpịrị glucose.”

Nlegide insulin na nsogbu obi

A maara na na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga 2, ọrịa obi na-abawanye site na ugboro 3-4, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-enweghị nsogbu metabolic. Ugbu a ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị na-eme ihe kwenyesiri ike na insulin na-eguzogide ọgwụ na, ya na hyperinsulinemia bụ nnukwu ihe dị ize ndụ maka nkụchi obi na ọrịa strok. Ọzọkwa, ihe ize ndụ a esiteghị na onye ọrịa ahụ ebutela ọrịa shuga ma ọ bụ na ọ kpatara.

Kemgbe 1980s, nnyocha gosipụtara na insulin nwere mmetụta atherogenic kpọmkwem na mgbidi nke arịa ọbara. Nke a pụtara na ngwugwu atherosclerotic na imechi arịa nke arịa ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'okpuru ọrụ insulin n'ime ọbara na-agabiga n'ime ha.

Insulin na-ebute mmụba na ịkwaga akwara mkpụrụ ndụ dị mma, njikọ nke lipids n'ime ha, ịba ụba fibroblasts, ịgbalite usoro coagulation ọbara, yana mbelata nke ọrụ fibrinolysis. Ya mere, hyperinsulinemia (mmụba nke insulin n'ọbara n'ihi nguzogide insulin) bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ebute mmepe nke atherosclerosis. Nke a na - eme ogologo oge tupu ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 dị na onye ọrịa.

Ihe omumu gosiputara nmekorita doro anya n'etiti ogo insulin iguzogide na ihe puru iche maka oria obi. Nmegide insulin na-eduga n'eziokwu ahụ:

oke ibu nke na-aba n’ime afọ,
profaịlụ cholesterol ọbara na-akawanye njọ, na plasta “cholest” cholesterol na –e n'ahụ mgbidi nke arịa ọbara,
enwere ike inye ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime arịa na-abawanye,
mgbidi carotid artery na-ebuwanye ibu (lumen nke akwara akwara).

E gosipụtara mmekọrịta a kwụsiri ike ma ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu enweghị ya.

Ọgwụ insulin na-eguzogide ọgwụ

Effectivezọ dị mma isi gwọọ nguzogide insulin n'oge mmalite nke ụdị shuga 2, yana ọ ka mma tupu ịmalite, bụ iji nri na-egbochi carbohydrates na nri gị. Iji bụrụ nke ziri ezi, nke a abụghị ụzọ isi gwọọ nguzogide insulin, kama ọ bụ naanị ijikwa ya. Nri carbohydrate nwere obere ume na nguzogide insulin - a ga-agbado ya na ndụ.

Mgbe ụbọchị 3-4 nke nri ndị na-egbochi insulin na-eguzogide ọgwụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-achọpụta ọganihu na ọdịmma ha. Mgbe izu isii ruo asatọ, ule gosiri na kọlestrọl “dị mma” n'ime ọbara na-ebili ma “ihe ọjọọ” ahụ daa. Ọkwa ọkwa nke triglycerides n'ime ọbara na-adaba na nkịtị. Nke a pụtara na ihe ọghọm nke atherosclerosis belatara ọtụtụ ugboro.

Ugbua enweghi uzo obula maka ọgwụgwọ nke nguzogide insulin. Ndị ọkachamara n'ihe banyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe ọmụmụ banyere ndụ na-arụ ọrụ na nke a. You nwere ike ijikwa nguzogide insulin nke ọma site na ịgbaso nri nwere obere carb. Nke mbụ, ịkwesịrị ịkwụsị iri nri carbohydrates nụchara anụcha, ya bụ, shuga, ihe ndị na-atọ ụtọ na ngwaahịa ntụ ọka ọcha.

Site na nguzogide insulin, metformin (siofor, glucophage) na-enye nsonaazụ dị mma. Jiri ya na nri, ọ bụghị kama ya, buru ụzọ jụọ dọkịta gị gbasara ị takingụ ọgwụ. Kwa ụbọchị, anyị na-agbaso akụkọ banyere ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ mgbochi. Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ochie na microbiology na-arụ ezigbo ọrụ ebube. Ma enwere olile anya na n’afọ ndị na-abịanụ, ha ga-enwe ike dozie nsogbu a. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ibu ụzọ mara, denye aha na akwụkwọ akụkọ anyị, ọ bụ n'efu.

Kedu ihe ọghọm nke iguzogide insulin?

Ọbụna na ndị mmadụ na-enweghị nnukwu mgbanwe na metabolism, nguzogide insulin na-akpali usoro ịka nká, a makwaara ya taa na ọ jikọtara ya na ọrịa obi ike yana nsogbu ha dị egwu (ọnya obi, nkụchi obi, nnukwu ihe mberede ụbụrụ, akwara neuropathy, wdg).

Nnukwu insulin na-agbasa ebe niile. Na 10-15% nke ndị okenye (na-enweghị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala) enwere ike ịchọpụta site na oge, yana nyocha ọ bụla. Nke a pụtakwara na ọtụtụ puku mmadụ abụghị naanị na amaghị maka ya, mana ha na-ahụkwa anya maka ọrịa ndị dị ize ndụ!

Ọ nwere ike iyi na nguzogide insulin bụ onye iro na - ezo ezo nke zoro ezo nke ahụike, mana n'eziokwu nke a na - agbanwe agbanwe dị oke aka, n'ihi na ndaghari enwere ike inyo enyo enyo na mbido nsogbu dị iche iche na ahụike.

Iji maa atụ, ụmụ nwanyị niile, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị katago, maara nsogbu nke oke ibu. Oge na-abia mgbe inwetakwu ego na aru ya na aru aru, o ghaghi ikwusi ha, onweghi nri inye aka. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị ka oke ibu karịrị akarị dị na afọ - ọ bụ ya mere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-atụ anya ka ifelata n’úkwù ha, na-agbasa akwụkwọ akụkọ, na-enyeghị akụkụ ahụ ha dị mkpa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a afọ na ịba aru na adipose na afọ (nke a na-akpọ oke ibu, dịka ụdị nke etiti ahụ si dị) bụ ihe abụọ dị mkpa na-akpali mmepe nke nguzogide insulin ma na-akwado ike ya.

N'ime ụmụ nwanyị mgbe afọ 35 gasịrị, iche iche homonụ nke nwoke, nke dị n’oge a, anaghị ebute ọrịa, ma mepụta “oke ikuku” n’ahụ. Mgbanwe dị na estrogen na testosterone (na ogologo oge tupu menopause), mbelata nke mkpokọta homonụ thyroid na ịba ụba nke homonụ nchegbu - adrenaline, cortisol - ihe a niile metụtara ahụ ike. Nke nta nke nta na-agbakọ nsogbu ndị na-emetụta ibe ha: oke ibu, ịba ụba cholesterol n'ime ọbara, ọbara mgbali elu. Nlegide insulin nwere ike buru ma ihe ndi a na abiata na aru.

Nye aka na mmepe nke nguzogide insulin omume ojoo, enweghi mmega ahụ, nri nri ngwa ngwa na n’ozuzu ha nri adịghị mma. Site n'ụzọ, enwere ike ịetsụ nri ndị na-adịghị mma na ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ na-enye aka na-adịghị mma na nri ndị na-edozi ahụ: ahụ ahụ anaghị enweta ya mma site na ha, yana "ịmịcha" mgbe niile - ịmịcha ọnụ na iwetulata uru dị naanị na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nanị na-egbochi nguzogide insulin.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eche maka ya, mgbe ahụ na ndụ nke onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị, ọ dịkarịa ala, di na nwunye n'ime ihe ndị ahụ edepụtara, yabụ ọ bụrụ na nsogbu na-echegbu gị ogologo oge na nnukwu njọ (ị gaghị enwe ike ifelata, na-enwe ọbara mgbali elu mgbe niile, isi ọwụwa na adịghị ike), ị kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ dọkịta ma kọwaa nye ya ihe ngosi nile banyere oria ya. Ọtụtụ mgbe, kpoo ihe niile ana m enyere endocrinologist aka ma duzie ọtụtụ nnwale (glucose, glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin glycated, insulin resistance index, wdg).

Ọrụ nke insulin na ahụ

Insulin bu nnabata homonu nke kachasi na pancreas, naanị homonụ nke anụ ahụ na-ebelata ume ọgụgụ glucose n'ọbara. Insulin na-etinye aka na mmeghachi omume ndu dị mkpa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-eme ka usoro nke protein dị na akwara pụta, na-akwado mmụba abụba n'ime imeju, mana ọ bụ nchịkwa nchịkwa n'ihe gbasara glucose na-etolite ntọala nke ihe pụrụ iche.

Ọtụtụ anụ ahụ na ahụ na-adabere na ọnụnọ insulin: ndị a bụ, nke mbụ, akwara na anụ ahụ (yana akwara ndị ọzọ niile, ma e wezụga ụjọ). N'ebe a, insulin na-arụ ọrụ dị ka isi - ọ na-emepe ohere nke glucose na sel, ebe eji ya maka ume, ma kpọọ ya ọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na usoro a akwụsị ịrụ ọrụ, mkpụrụ ndụ na-aghọ insulin, na-amalite nguzogide insulin.

Ajụjụ jụrụ

You nwere ike ịhazi oge ọ bụla ma nweta ozi zuru oke site n'aka ndị ọkachamara nke ngalaba ndụmọdụ maka ekwentị site na ekwentị:

Artemyeva Alla Anatolyevna

Dọkịta endocrinologist, ụdị ntozu kachasị elu. Onye otu Russian Endocrinological Society. Ahụmahụ 32 afọ.

Maskaeva Valentina Olegovna

Dọkịta endocrinologist, ahụmịhe ọrụ afọ 3.

Nnyocha nke ultrasound nke gland thyroid na parathyroid glands

Ọkpụkpụ thyroid na parathyroid biopsy n'okpuru nduzi ultrasound

Nlegide insulin - gini bu gini na okwu di nfe

Nlegide insulin - okwu na - egosiputa oge ihe sel nke anụ ahụ anaghị anabata homonụ nke ọma: insulin. Nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa na-eduga ụdị shuga 2, nrịba nke mbụ nke ọrịa shuga na ọrịa shuga.
Nnukwu insulin na-akpachi anya na oke ibu, mana ndị na-enweghị ibu gabigara ókè ma ọ bụ oke ibu nwekwara ike ibute ya. N'oge a, achọpụtala ọgwụ insulin n'ime mmadụ 4 niile nọ n'ụwa. Na emecha, gị n’onwe gị ghọtara mmadụ ole anyị n’enweghi nsogbu nke data a anaghị etinye. Ya mere ọnụọgụ ndị ahụ nwere ike ibu ọtụtụ oge karịa ... ka njọ karịa n'ihe ga-esi na ya pụta.

Ndị nyocha ọhụụ achọpụtala na enwere ike ịchịkwa ntụtụ insulin site na iji usoro ọgwụgwọ na-ebelata ego insulin na-emepụta site na ahụ onwe ya, yana weghara site na inje insulin.

Enwere ike ibelata nguzogide insulin site na obere carb na nri ketogenic.

Ọrụ insulin bụ ikwe ka akwara ndị mmadụ nwee glucose ka e wee nwee ike iji ya mee ka “mmanụ” ma ọ bụ edobere abụba subcutaneous. Ọ pụtakwara na glucose nwere ike itolite n’ọbara, nke na-eduga n’inwe nnukwu shuga.

Mgbe ahụ ahụ na - egbochi insulin, ọ na - anwa ịnagide nke a site na imepụta ya n'ọtụtụ. Ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ mgbochi a na-arụpụtakarị ya n'ọtụtụ buru ibu karịa ndị nwere ahụike.
A ma ihe mmeputa insulin dika hyperinsulinemia.

Ihe mgbaàmà insulin Resistance

Ọnọdụ ahụ n'onwe ya, dịka nke a, enweghị mgbaàmà ma ọ bụ akara. Ha na-amalite ịpụta naanị mgbe insulin na-eduga na nsonaazụ ya, dịka shuga dị elu ọbara (hyperglycemia ogologo oge).

Mgbe nke a mere, edere ihe mgbaàmà: ike ọgwụgwụ, agụụ, ma ọ bụ agụụ riri nri, itinye uche n'ihe, nke nwekwara ike ịkpọ ọgba aghara. Enwere akara nke ụra ehihie, ọkachasị mgbe ị risịrị nri. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọnọdụ ọjọọ na-achịkwa arụmọrụ belata.

Ihe-iriba ama ndi ozo nke apuru itinye n’uche izugbe: iwelite ibu na ọdịdị nke abuba n’onu, flatulence, odida nke akpukpo ahu (ọdịdị nke acrochordones - polyps) na-achapu akpukpo aru n’ukwu di mkpa n’ebe a na-ese okwu, ochichiri nke akpukpo ahihia - acanthosis ojii, keratomas, papillomas, herillary hemangiomas - the hemorrhages to the body), ọbara mgbali elu, cholesterol dị elu.

Mgbe nguzogide insulin aburu ibu oria shuga ma obu udiri oria abuo, ihe omuma ndi ahu gha bu: mmụba nke glucose ọbara na ihe mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ nke ụdị shuga 2.

Ihe Na-akpata Ntinye insulin

Ọ bụ ezie na aghọtabeghị kpọmkwem ihe ndị na-akpata insulin, a maara ihe ndị na-akpata uto ya.
Ọ nwere ike ịmalite imepe n'okpuru ihe ndị a dị mma:

O buru ibu ma obu ibu buru ibu. Mgbe ntụpọ nke ahụ mmadụ kariri naanị nke atọ, ọrịre nke anụ ahụ na insulin na-ebelata ọkara.
Mmepe nke metabolic syndrome.
Nime nri di elu kalori, carbohydrates, ma obu shuga. Njupụta nke ihe oriri nụchara anụcha na ihe oriri na nchekwa, ihe nchara, ọtụtụ shuga.
Ndụ ibi ndụ rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ enweghị mmega ahụ.
N'ịrụ ọrụ, ogologo oge ewere steroid.
Site na nrụgide na-adịghị ala ala, enweghị ụra oge niile.
Site na ọrịa Hisenko-Cushing, acromegaly, ovary polycystic, ụfọdụ ọrịa thyroid gland pathologies - hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis.
Ndị ọrụ nyochaala nchọpụta banyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
N'ime ọrịa ndị dị adị na ọnọdụ a bụ ọrịa imeju, ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, ọrịa akwara na-adịghị ala ala (ọdịda akwara na-adịghị ala ala), nkụchi obi, sepsis, mpaghara nnukwu ọkụ, cachexia na dystrophy na kansa.

N’ịtụle ihe ọ bụla na-eme n’ahụ, na-eme ka insulin na-eguzogide, ndị sayensị achọpụtala na ọ na-apụta n’ebe ndị nwere ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụba insulin n’ọbara ha, ha nwekwara abụba buru ibu n’elu imeju na pancreas.

Ike ọgwụgwụ, ịka nká, ịtụrụ ime, mmerụ ahụ na ịwa ahụ, ise anwụrụ nwekwara ike inyere ọrịa ahụ aka ịmalite.

Mmetụta insulin insenseitivity

Nri a gha agha ikwusi oke ibu ma gaa n’ihu meputa insulin dika odi na mbu, mmadu gha enwekwa udiri oria abuo.

Nsonaazụ ndị na-ebute ogologo oge nke insulin na-akpata gụnyere ịba ọcha n'anya nke ịba ọcha n'anya, imeju imeju, na ọbụna ọrịa cancer nke akụkụ a. Ihe ịrịba ama nke atherosclerosis nke arịa nke ala akụkụ ahụ, mbelata nke arịa ọbara n'ozuzu, na thrombosis na-egosipụta onwe ha ngwa ngwa. Dịka nsonaazụ - mmepe nke infarction myocardial na ọrịa strok.

Nkọwa Ọrịa

Nlegide insulin bu onodu ebe aru adighi anabata insulin nke oma. Enwere ike iji nke a tụnyere ihe ịchọrọ ịmịkọrọ insulin site na mkpụrụ ndụ nke ahụ. Nke a bụ njirimara bụ isi nke ụdị shuga 2.

Nsogbu nke nguzogide insulin bu na o na emetuta aru n’otu uzo.

Ọ na - amanye ahụ mmadụ imepụta insulin ọzọ, nke a na - eduga ịba ụba agụụ na ọbara mgbali, yana ịba ụba. Insulin anaghị ekwe ka abụba anụ ahụ mebie, yabụ na nguzogide insulin, ọ fọdụ nke ukwuu ịbelata ibu ma ọ bụ na ọ siri ezigbo ike (belụsọ na iji usoro ọgwụgwọ).

N’agbanyeghi eziokwu bu na aghotaghi ihe ndi n’eme ka insulin ghara idi ike, o doro anya na enwere njikọ n’etiti mmepe ya na uru ya. Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na ịbelata nri kalori nwere ike ịkwụsị mmepe nke ọrịa.

Nchoputa nke nguzogide insulin

Enwere ike ịchọpụta ụdị nchọpụta a site na ịnakọta ihe anamnesis, ịkọwapụta ọnụnọ nke ọrịa mellitus, ọbara mgbali elu, atherosclerosis na ndị ikwu, ọrịa afọ ime nwere mkpebi siri ike n'oge ime nwanyị, na-agafe UAC, mmamịrị maka ọnụnọ nke albumin (protein), nyocha ọbara nke biochemical, na ọkwa insulin (ọkwa gọọmentị) na ntanetị nke 3-28 mcED / ml, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ endocrinologists na-atụle NORM nkịtị nke 3-4 mcED / ml) na C-peptide n'ime ọbara.

NOMA IR insulin resistance insulin (ruru glucose na-ebu ọnụ n’etiti insulin) bukwara mmasị maka nchọpụta. Ofkpụrụ nke akwụkwọ nkọwapụta a bụ ihe ruru 2.7.

A na-enyocha nnabata nke glucose, a na-anwale haemoglobin glycosylated, a na-ekpebi ọkwa nke triglycerides na nnukwu lipoproteins dị ukwuu.

Ekpebiri akụkụ otu akụkụ, yana ihe ngosi dị n'elu 25 (kg / m²), ihe ize ndụ nke mmepe dịlarịrị elu. Ọ dịkwa mma ị payinga ntị na eriri ukwu, ọ dị njọ ma ọ bụrụ karịa karịa 89 maka ụmụ nwanyị, 102 cm maka ụmụ nwoke.

Ọgwụ insulin na-eguzogide ọgwụ

Edebere ọgwụ ọgwụ ọdịnala site na ndị ọrịa hypoglycemic (Metformin, Glucofage, Acarbose, Troglizaton). A na-akwụsị ọgwụ dị elu nke ọbara mgbali elu site na ọgwụ ndị na-ebelata ike, cholesterol dị elu - a na-enye ọgwụ ndị na-eme ka ọ dị ala.

Ihe ọ bụla, dịka oge niile, maka akara ọ bụla, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ nwere ọgwụ nke ha, ma ọ bụ karịa karịa. Nke a ọ na - ewepụ ọrịa - echeghị m otu ahụ. Maka m, ọ dị mkpa ịnagide nsogbu nke mgbanwe mgbanwe nri na-agbanwe agbanwe na nri.

Ọ ga - ekwe omume belata ma ọ bụ gbanwee ọrịa ahụ

E nwere ụzọ dị iche iche iji belata nsonaazụ ya yana ihe ndị a bụ ndepụta iji nyere gị aka imezu ihe ị chọrọ.

Strongzọ siri ike gụnyere:

Carb na nri nri ketogenic dị ala.
Ihe oriri kalori.
Nri riri ahụike, nke egwuregwu mechiri. Ọkara ọkara nke ike anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mmega ahụ na -ebelata oke nke glucose n'ọbara n'etinyeghị insulin n'ọrụ.
Site na ọgwụgwọ ọdịnala, a na-atụ aro mkpụrụ osisi bekee, ma bryk n'onwe ya na ihe ndozi nke akwụkwọ ya.
Dịka ihe dị oke njọ - ịwa ahụ ịwa ahụ - ịwa ahụ, mgbochi afọ.

Methodszọ ndị a yitere na ha na - enyere aka belata ahụ insulin na ịdị arọ.

Nri maka iguzogide insulin - nri

Ekwesịrị ịdebere carbohydrate ngwaahịa nwere obere glycemic index, protein na ngwaahịa osisi ga-emeri na nri.

Nri ahụ na -ebelata ihe ndị na-emebi emebi, nri ụtọ na ntụ ọka, mmanya, pasta, osikapa, mmiri ara ehi, nnu na shuga. Ma abụba ngwa nri, karịsịa Omega nke anaghị eju afọ, dị ezigbo mkpa maka ahụ ugbu a.

Ndị ọkachamara n'ihe banyere nri na-atụkarị ịrapara na nri Mediterenian na mmanụ oliv, akwụkwọ nri, ahịhịa. Hapuru ka ha rie anụ ezi, anụ ọkụkọ, azụ iyak na azụ, ihe oriri lactic acid, mkpụrụ, ụdị mkpụrụ niile (flaxseed, chia), mkpụrụ.

Usoro ndị ọzọ kwenyere na site na iguzogide insulin, mgbanwe na nri na-edozi ahụ adịworị ole na ole, enwere ike ịgbanwe ọnọdụ ahụ oge ibu ọnụ obere okwu. 1–3, ụbọchị ahụ juputara n’ụba nke ọma na nri ugboro 3 n’ụbọchị, ọ bụghị nri nri 5-6 n’ụbọchị (nke na-eme ka ịbawanye ụba nke insulin n’oge awa ụbọchị dum).

Site na usoro dị otú a, ịnwere ike imeziwanye nghọta gị na insulin n'ime ọnwa 3-4, naanị nri n’ụbọchị zuru oke kwesịrị ịnwe mmachi nke carbohydrates ngwa ngwa - shuga, achịcha ọcha, osikapa, nri ngwa ngwa, ime achịcha. Abụba ndị ọzọ (ọkacha mma na-abụghị nke anụmanụ) na protein, na-agbakwunye erughi nke magnesium, zinc, chromium, vitamin D.

N’inweghi chromium n’ime ahu, oke ibu na-abawanye, bawanye ụba agụụ maka ihe ụtọ, a metụtara Chọpụta etinye aka na metabolism sugar. Chromium na-ebelata oke glucose dị n'ọbara, na-eme ka metabolism dịkwuo ya Enwekwara na pears, hazelnuts, ọkụkọ na-acha ọcha, poteto, na imeju anụ ehi.

Mgbe ị na-aga, ị ga-ewepụ obere nchekwa abụba n'úkwù na akwara dị n'ime, n'ihi na naanị n'ụbọchị nke abụọ nke anụ ahụ na-amalite ịbanye n'okpukpu abụba.

Kedu onye siri ike agụụ, ya bụ, nhọrọ nke ibu ọnụ oge dị ka atụmatụ 16/8, ya bụ, agụụ iri na isii, dịka ọmụmaatụ site na awa 18 ruo 10 n'ụtụtụ, site na 10 n'ụtụtụ ruo 18 - ị nwere ike iri nri 2 ma ọ bụ 3.