Insulin: egosi na udi, ntuziaka maka ogwu

P / c, n’ọnọdụ ndị dị iche - v / m, nkeji iri na ise tupu nri. Ọkwa mbụ n’ime ndị okenye sitere na 8 ruo 24 IU, n’ime ụmụaka - erughị 8 IU. Na mmetụ uche dị na insulin - nnukwu doses. Otu ego karịrị 40 IU. Mgbe ị na-eji insulin dochie ọgwụ mmadụ, a ga-ebelata mmịnye ya. Na coma mamịrị na acidosis, a na-enyekarị ọgwụ a iv.

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Injection insulin na mmadụ

Actrapid HM (Actrapid HM), Actrapid HM penfill (Actrapid HM penfill), Berlsulin H nkịtị pen (Berlinsulin H nkịtị pen), Berlsulin H nkịtị U-40 (Berlinsulin H nkịtị U-40), insuman ngwa ngwa (insuman ngwa ngwa), Homorap 40 (Homorap 40), Homorap 100 (Homorap 100).

Omume ọgwụ

Ọ bụ insulin na-anọpụ iche na otu insulin si arụ ọrụ. Na-ezo aka insulins dị mkpụmkpụ. Lowers glucose ọbara, na-eme ka mmịkọta ya dịkwuo mma site na anụ ahụ, lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, protein protein, na-ebelata ọnụego glucose na-emepụta site na imeju.

Mmalite nke ọgwụ bụ nkeji 20-30 ka nchịkwa gasịrị. Mmetụta kasịnụ na - etolite n'agbata awa na awa 3. Ogologo oge nke omume bụ 6-8 awa.

Profaịlụ nke insulin na-anọpụ iche na insulin na-asọpụrụ mmadụ na-adabere na dose ahụ na-egosipụtakwa ụzọ dị iche- ma na-emetụta onwe ya. Orzopu site na ebe igba ogwu bu ihe insulin na -agaghi aru nke mmanu insulin.

Ọrịa shuga ,dị nke mbụ, ọrịa shuga 2: ọkwa nke iguzogide ndị ọrịa hypoglycemic nke ọnụ, nguzogide akụkụ nke ọgwụ hypoglycemic na-egbu egbu (ọgwụgwọ njikọta), ọrịa na-agagharị agagharị, arụmọrụ (mono- ma ọ bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ), ịtụrụ ime (ma ọ bụrụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ anaghị enwe ike).

Ketoacidosis na-arịa ọrịa shuga, ketoacidotic na hyperosmolar coma, yana ịwa ahụ na-abịanụ, nfụkasị ahụ na nhazi insulin nke anụmanụ, insulin lipoatrophy, nguzogide insulin n'ihi oke titter nke ọgwụ mgbochi insulin, n'oge ntụgharị nke mkpụrụ ndụ islet nke pancreas.

Ngwa

Dọkịta debere ọgwụ ahụ n’otu n’otu. Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka monotherapy, a na-enye ọgwụ ahụ 3-6 r / ụbọchị. Banye s / c, n'ime / m ma ọ bụ na / n'ime. Mgbe ị na-ebufe ndị ọrịa site na insulin porulin nke mere ka ọ dị ọcha na ọgwụ mmadụ, ha anaghị agbanwe agbanwe.

Mgbe ị na-ebufe site na bovine ma ọ bụ insulin anụ ezi (bovine) anụ ezi, ngwakọta kwesịrị ka ọ belata 10%, ọ gwụla ma usoro mbu ahụ erughị 0.6 U / n'arọ. Ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya ịgwọ ndị ọrịa na-anata 100 ma ọ bụ karịa kwa ụbọchị n'oge mgbanwe insulin. Site na mkpịsị sirinji, a na-enye ọgwụ ahụ naanị subcutaneously.

A ga-agbanwe ọgwụ insulin na ọnọdụ ndị a: na mgbanwe na ọdịdị na nri, mgbali elu anụ ahụ, ọrịa na-efe efe, ịwa ahụ, afọ ime, nsị nke gland thyroid, ọrịa Addison, hypopituitism, ọdịda akụrụ na ọrịa shuga na ndị mmadụ karịa afọ 65.

Site na ebumnuche bụ insulin, mgbanwe n'ụdị ya ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ nke arụ ọrụ anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nchekasị uche, mbelata ikike itinye uche, ọsọ nke mmeghachi omume nke uche na moto.

Ngwongwo ogwu

Rinsulin P bụ insulin nke mmadụ nwetara site na iji teknụzụ DNA recombinant. Short insulin. Ọ na - emekọrịta otu onye na - anabata ihe n'ụsọ akpụkpọ ahụ cytoplasmic nke mkpụrụ ndụ ma mepụta insulin-receptor complex nke na - akpali usoro intracellular, gụnyere njikọ nke ọtụtụ enzymes isi (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthase, wdg). A na-eme ka mbelata ọbara glucose ọbara site na mmụba na njem nke intracellular ya, mmụba dị ukwuu na njigide anụ ahụ, mkpali nke lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, mbelata ọnụego glucose sitere na imeju, wdg.
Ogologo oge nke ihe insulin na-eme bu n'ihi nzere nke mmiri, nke dabere na otutu ihe (dika ima atu, uzo ya na ebe ochichi ya), ya mere profaịlụ nke insulin n’ariri mgbanwe di omimi, ma n’ebe ndi mmadu di iche na otu mmadu. Na nkezi, mgbe nchịkwa subcutaneous gasịrị, Rinsulin P malitere ime ihe mgbe nkeji 30 gasịrị, oke kachasị na-etolite n'agbata awa 1 na awa, oge ọrụ ahụ bụ awa 8.

Mlọ ọgwụ
Njuputa nke nnabata na mmalite nke mmetụta nke insulin na-adabere n'ụzọ nke nchịkwa (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously), ebe nchịkwa (afọ, apata ụkwụ, isi), dose (olu insulin insulin), ịta insulin na ọgwụ, wdg Ọ na-ekesa na-ezighi ezi gafee akwara ndị ahụ ma ghara ịbanye na ya. ihe mgbochi placental na n’ime mmiri ara. Ọ bụ insulinase na-abụkarị imeju ya na akụrụ. Iwepu ọkara ndụ na-eme ọtụtụ nkeji. Ọ bụ ya bụ akụrụ (30-80%).

Ihe ngosi maka ojiji

• Ọrịa shuga 1dị 1
• 2dị nke abụọ nke ọrịa shuga mellitus: ogbo nke iguzogide ndị ọrịa hypoglycemic nke ọnụ, nguzogide elele ọgwụ ndị a (n'oge ọgwụgwọ njikọta), ọrịa na-efe efe.
• Diabetesdị shuga nke afọ abụọ n’ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime
• Ọnọdụ ọnọdụ mberede na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus na-agbaso oke metabolism metabolism

Mmetụta akụkụ

N'ihi mmetụta nke metabolism metabolism : ọnọdụ hypoglycemic (pallor nke anụ ahụ, ịba ụba ọsụsọ, palpitations, tremors, akpata oyi, agụụ, nhụjuanya, paresthesia nke mucosa oral, adịghị ike, isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, belata acuity visual). Nnukwu hypoglycemia siri ike nwere ike iduga mmepe nke hypoglycemic coma.
Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ : akpukpo ahu, akpukpo nke Quincke, ujo anafilactic.
Mmeghachi omume mpaghara : hyperemia, ọsụsọ na itching na saịtị ịgba ahụ, yana iji ogologo oge - lipodystrophy na saịtị ịgba ntụtụ.
Ndị ọzọ : edema, ntakịrị oge na ntinye anya (ọ na - ebido na mmalite ọgwụgwọ).
Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ achọpụta mmepe nke hypoglycemia ma ọ bụ nwee omume nke nsụhọ, ọ kwesịrị ịgwa dọkịta ozugbo .
Ọ bụrụ na-egosipụta mmetụta ndị ọzọ ọ bụla akọwapụtaghị n’elu, onye ọrịa ahụ should kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ dọkịta .

Ntụziaka pụrụ iche

Kpachara anya maka iji ya

Na-emegide usoro ịgwọ ọrịa insulin, ọ dị mkpa ileba anya mgbe niile itinye uche glucose ọbara.
Ihe kpatara hypoglycemia na mgbakwunye na insulin ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè nwere ike ịbụ: nnọchi ọgwụ, ngbanye nri, vomiting, afọ ọsịsa, mmega ahụ na-abawanye, ọrịa na-ebelata mkpa insulin (ọrụ imeju na akụrụ na-emebi emebi, hypofunction nke adrenal cortex, pituitary ma ọ bụ thyroid gland), mgbanwe nke nsị, yana iso ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-emekọrịta ihe.
Singzọ ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi na nchịkwa insulin, karịsịa na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga 1, nwere ike ibute hyperglycemia. Ọtụtụ mgbe, mgbaàmà mbụ nke hyperglycemia na-amalite nwayọọ nwayọọ karịa ọtụtụ awa ma ọ bụ ụbọchị. Ndị a gụnyere akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, mmamịrị nke ukwuu, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, ọbara ọbara na ajị anụ, akpọnwụ akpịrị, enweghị agụụ, isi nke acetone na ikuku ikuku. Ọ bụrụ na agwọtaghị ya, hyperglycemia n'ụdị shuga 1 nwere ike ibute mmepe nke ọrịa ketoacidosis na-eyi ndụ egwu.
Ekwesịrị idozi ọnụọgụ insulin maka arụ ọrụ thyroid, ọrịa Addison, hypopituitarism, ọrụ imeju na akụrụ na-arịa ya na ọrịa shuga na ndị mmadụ karịa afọ 65.
Ọ dịkwa mkpa iji dozie insulin nke insulin ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ na-eme ka mmega ahụ sie ike ma ọ bụ gbanwee ụdị nri a na-emebu.
Ọrịa concoitant, ọkachasị ọrịa na ọnọdụ ya na ahụ ọkụ na-eme ka ebulite insulin.
Ekwesịrị ịbufe onye ọrịa na ụdị insulin ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ịkwado insulin nke onye nrụpụta ọzọ ga-emerịrị n'okpuru nlekọta nke dibia.
N'ihi na enwere ike ịda mmiri na ụfọdụ catheters, a naghị atụ aro iji ọgwụ ahụ na nfuli insulin.

Mmetụta ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala na usoro

Na njikọ ebumnuche insulin, mgbanwe dị n'ụdị ya, ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ nrụgide anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke uche, ọ nwere ike imebi ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ usoro dịgasị iche iche, yana isonye n'ihe omume ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ nke chọrọ nlebara anya na ọsọ nke mmeghachi omume.

Emeputa

Adreesị ebe emepụtara:

1. 142279, ógbè Moscow, ógbè Serpukhov, r.p. Obolensk, ụlọ 82, ikp.
2. 142279, Ógbè Moscow, ógbè Serpukhov, pos. Obolensk, ụlọ 83, udo. AAN.

GEROPHARM-Bio OJSC
142279, ógbè Moscow, ógbè Serpukhov, r.p. Obolensk, ụlọ 82, ikp. 4

Ntụziaka a ga-enye onye ọrịa

Nweghị ike iji ọgwụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na eburu ụzọ gosipụta na ngwọta ahụ.
Usoro ogwu maka insulin na vials

Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ na-eji naanị otu ụdị insulin

1. Sapoo akpụkpọ ahụ rọba nke vial ahụ
2. Dọrọ ikuku banye ntụtụ na olu nke kwekọrọ na insulin chọrọ. Tinye ikuku n'ime vial insulin.
3. Tụgharịa vial ya na sirinji na kpoo ihu ya ma dọrọ ọgwụ insulin chọrọ ka ọ banye n'ime sirinji. Wepu agịga na vial ma wepu ikuku site na sirinji. Lelee ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ insulin dị ziri ezi.
4. Gbanye ozugbo.

1. Ighasa membranes roba nke vials.
2. Ngwa ngwa tupu ịkpọ, kpọghee paịlị nke insulin na-arụ ọrụ (“igwe ojii”) n'etiti ọbụ aka gị ruo mgbe insulin na-acha ọcha ma nwee urukpuru.
3. Na-anakọta ikuku n'ime sirinji na olu nke kwekọrọ na insulin insulin nke urukpuru. Tinye ikuku n'ime vial insulin na urukpuru wee wepu agịga na vial ahụ.
4. Denye ikuku n'ime sirinji ya na ọnụego insulin na-eme ka nwa oge (“transperent”). Mee ikuku n'ime karama insulin doro anya. Tụgharịa karama ahụ jiri sirinji kpoo ma kpọnyere ọgwụ chọrọ ka insulin “doo anya” dị ọcha. Wepụ agịga ma wepụ ikuku si sirinji. Lelee dose ziri ezi.
5. Tinye insulin ahụ “urukpuru” wee banye agịga ahụ na paịpụ, gbanye vial ya na sirinji kpodoro isi ala wee pịa insulin chọrọ. Wepu ikuku si na sirinji ma lelee ma ogwu a ziri ezi. Gbanye ngwakọta insulin anakọtara ozugbo.
6. Jiri insulin mgbe nile n'otu usoro dị ka akọwara n’elu.

• Ọ dị mkpa iji mmiri meghee mpaghara anụ ahụ ebe a ga-abanye insulin.
• Site na iji mkpịsị aka abụọ, kpoo mkpo anụ, tinye agịga n'ime isi mkpanaka ahụ n'akụkụ ihe dị ka ogo 45, ma gbanye insulin n'okpuru anụahụ.
• Mgbe ịgba ntụtụ ahụ, agịga kwesịrị ịdị n’okpuru anụ ahụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala 6 sekọnd, iji hụ na etinye insulin ahụ kpamkpam.
• Ọ bụrụ na ọbara apụta na ebe a gbanye ọgwụ were agịga, jiri nwayọ were pipụ mmiri dị na mmiri (dịka mmanya).
• Ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe saịtị ịgba ntụtụ.

Ọgwụ homonụ protin-peptide, a na-eji insulin arụ ọrụ dị ka ngwaọrụ akọwapụtara maka ọrịa shuga.

Insulin na-emetụta metabolism nke carbohydrate - ọ na - enyere aka belata ọkwa ọbara ma nweekwa akwara, na - eme ka mgbakwunye glucose banye na mkpụrụ ndụ, na - akwalite njikọ glycogen, ma na - egbochi ntụgharị na amino acid ka ọ bụrụ carbohydrates.

Iwu ntinye

Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ahụ insulin subcutaneously ma ọ bụ intramuscularly, intravenously - naanị naanị n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike na-arịa ọrịa shuga, a na-akwado nkwadebe ndị na - adị ntakịrị.

A na-eme ọgwụ mgbochi ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị na usoro 2-3 kwa ọkara - otu awa tupu nri, mmetụta nke otu ọgwụ ahụ na-amalite mgbe minit 30 ruo 60 na-anọru awa 4-8.

Site na nchịkwa intravenous insulin, a na-enweta ike hypoglycemic kachasị mgbe nkeji 20-30, ọkwa shuga na-alaghachi na ọkwa mbụ mgbe awa 1-2 gachara.

Tupu ijuputa ntụtụ nke mgbochi insulin nke nkwalite insulin, ihe dị n’ime ya ga-ama jijiji ruo mgbe etinyere nkwụchi edo na karama ahụ.

Na ọrịa shuga a na-eme ka a gwọọ ya n’otu oge, a na-ekpebi usoro ọgwụgwọ dabere ogo ọrịa ahụ, ọnọdụ onye ọrịa na ọdịnaya shuga dị na mmamịrị (dabere na 1 otu maka 5 g shuga niile dị na mmamịrị ahụ). Dịka ọ dị, usoro insulin na-esite na nkeji 10-40 kwa ụbọchị.

Na ọrịa mamịrị ubochi nke ọgwụ a na-eji subcutaneously nwere ike iweta 100 PIECES na elu, yana nchịkwa ọgbụgba - ruo 50 PIECES kwa ụbọchị.

Na ọrịa mamịrị na-egbu egbu Edere insulin na nnukwu usoro, uru nke dabere n'ịdị ogo ọrịa na-akpata.

Maka ihe ndị ọzọ, a na-edenye obere insulin insulin (nkeji 6-10 kwa ụbọchị), ọtụtụ mgbe (enwere ike ọgwụgwụ, ọrịa imeju) yana ngwakọta glucose.

Nsonaazụ

N'ihe banyere insulin gabigara ókè na ịakeụ mmiri nke carbohydrates, hypoglycemic ujo nwere ike ịmalite - ọnya na-egbu egbu nke na-esite na adịghị ike n'ozuzu ya, ịza mmiri na salivation, ọgbụgba, palpitations, mkpụmkpụ nke ume, na ọnọdụ siri ike - mwepu nke mmụọ, nchekasị, ihe na-akpata cmaps.

Ulinmịnye ọgwụ insulin

A na-ewepụta insulin maka injection na vials sterile nke nwere ikike nke 5 ml na 10 ml, ọrụ nke 20 PIECES, 40 PIECES ma ọ bụ Pie iri abụọ na 80 na ngwọta 1 ml.

Insulin maka iji ogwu bu ugwọ hygroscopic ọcha, nke a na-agbari na mmiri, nke enwetara site na mmịpụta nke pancreas nke ehi na-egbu (insulin anụmanụ) ma ọ bụ site na usoro sịntetik. Nwere sọlfọ 3.1%.

Nleta insulin bu ihe nlere anya doro anya, adighi odo odo ma obu nke edo edo (pH 2.0-3.5), nke edoziri site na itinye insulin nke insulin na mmiri ka igba ogwu, nke ejiri mmanu hydrochloric acid tinye ihe ozo 0.25-0.3%, ma obu canning.

A na-ahapụ ndị na - ahapụ mmadụ ka ọ bụrụ ndị a na - akpọrọ n'ime 5 milimita na 10 mil vials, nke ejiri mpempe akwụkwọ roba ejiri okpu alumini kpuchie ya.

Nkwadebe insulin

Swinsulin - ihe mmeri nke insulin nke insulin na-enweta site na pancreas nke ezi. A na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe na ndị ọrịa na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-enweta site na pancreas ehi.

Monosuinsulin - nkwadebe nke na-eme obere mkpụmkpụ nke nwere insulin nke porcine insulin nwere mmetụta na-ebelata shuga dị mkpụmkpụ. A na-eji ya maka insulin na-eguzogide ọgwụ, lipodystrophy, mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ mpaghara na n'ozuzu ya na-esite na inje nke usoro insulin ndị ọzọ. A na - elekọta Monosuinsulin ma ọ bụ nkeji iri abụọ na abụọ tupu nkeji iri tupu otu nri, otu ugboro n'ọtụtụ ụbọchị. Omume ahụ na-eme mgbe nkeji 15-20 gachara, a na-enweta nsonaazụ kachasị mgbe awa 2 gachara, oge nke ọgwụ adịghị ihe karịrị awa 6. N'ihe banyere mmeghachi omume nfụkasị, a na-eme nnwale intradermal (0.02-0.04 U) tupu itinye monosuinsulin. Na lipodystrophy, a na-achịkwa azịza subcutaneously na oke nke ahụ ike na emetụta mpaghara nke abụba subcutaneous: na ụmụaka, nkeji 2-4, na ndị okenye, 4-8 nkeji 30-40 ụbọchị. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, megharịa ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ihe banyere oke ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè, enwere agụụ, adịghị ike, ọsụsọ, palpitations, isi nri (ọnọdụ hypoglycemia) ga-ekwe omume. Ọ dị mkpa ịkpachara anya na ezughi oke akwara, ọrịa ụbụrụ.

Nkwụsị nke mejupụtara amachibidoro amorphous na zinc-insulin crystalline.

Nkwụsị site n'ụdị nke ntụ ntụ amorphous na acetate buffer nwere oge nke awa 10-12 na nsonaazụ kachasị n'oge awa asaa mbụ.

Akwụsịtụ nke insulin nke insulin na acetate buffer, ọgwụ nwere oge ruru 36 awa, kachasị na-apụta awa 16-20 mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị.

Mkwusi mkpụkpọ nke kristal insulin na mgbagwoju anya na protamine na phosphate buffer.

10 ml vials, ọgwụ mejupụtara: insulin - 40 PIECES, zinc chloride - 0.08 mg, triprotamine - 0.8 ml, glucose - 40 mg, sodium phosphate nke a na - ekesa - ihe dịka 4 mg, tricresol - 3 mg.

Ọgwụ gbatịpụrụ agbatị, na usoro nke oge ọrụ, na-ewe etiti n'etiti ọgwụ nkịtị na Triprotamine-zinc-insulin.

Nkwụsịtụ nke agba ọcha. Njirimara nke nkwusioru, atụnyere ọgwụ ị nwere, ọ na-eji nwayọ nwayọ na ogologo oge.

Nkwụsịtụ nke insulin crystalline, protamine, zinc chloride na sodium phosphate, ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge.

Insulin na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge na mgbakwunye nke aminoquinocarbamide hydrochloride.

Nkwụsị insulin ogologo oge - insulin amorphous anụ ezi a gwakọtara ya na zinc na crystalline ehi insulin n'ụdị ya na zinc (na 3: 7). Ọgwụ bụ ogologo oge, na-achịkwa subcutaneously na intramuscularly na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-agba ume na oke. Mmetụta na -emelata shuga na-apụta na awa 2-4, rute ọrụ kachasị elu na awa 8-10 wee ruo awa 20-24. A na-edowe onunu ogwu na onu ogugu nke ubochi n’otu n’otu, n’iburu n’uche nha okpomoku a n’etu n’ime oge di iche iche n’otu ubochi. Ejiri ọgwụ ahụ maka coma mamịrị na precomatous steeti.N'ihe banyere ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè, ọnọdụ hypoglycemic na mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị (urticaria, ihe ngbu, ọnya akpụkpọ ahụ, ụbụrụ Quincke) nwere ike ịmalite.

Nkwụsị insulin ọkara - nwere insulin ezumike amorphous dị mgbagwoju anya na zinc. Ọgwụ bụ ogologo oge. Etinyere ya na ọrịa mellitus nke ogo njọ na ụdị siri ike, yana hyperglycemia ụbọchị na glucosuria, na-achịkwa subcutaneously ma ọ bụ intramuscularly. Achọpụtara mmetụta ahụ mgbe awa 1-1.5 gasịrị, ọrụ kachasị - mgbe awa 5-8 gachara. Ogologo oge nke ọgwụ ahụ bụ awa 10-12.

Nkwụsị Insulin Ultralong - nwere insulin nke insulin a na -ebu akwa nwere otutu ya na zinc. Tinye subcutaneously na intramuscularly na ọrịa shuga mellitus nke ogo na-adịghị ala ala na ụdị siri ike, na ọkara nke abụọ nke abalị na n'isi ụtụtụ. A na-achọpụta mmetụta iwetulata shuu mgbe awa 6-8 gachara. Oge 30-36 awa.

(Insulinum) - protein dị arọ nke molekul, protein nke mepụtara na mammalian na-eme ka mmiri zoro ezo (ụmụ irighiri agwaetiti nke Langerhans).

Frederick Bunting, Charles Best na James Collip buru ụzọ nweta insulin site na ọrịa anụmanụ na 1921.

Insulin bu ihe nlebara anya nke metabolism metabolism, site na igbanye hexokinases nke na - akwalite itinye glucose - ntinye ya n’ime akwara (nke kacha nke akwara) na ijide ya, ma na - akpalikwa mkpokoro nke glycogen site na glucose na akwara akwara na n’ime imeju, ma na - egbochi gluconeogenesis.

A na-ewere ọrụ mmebe shuga nke 0.045 mg nke insulin na kristal dị ka otu ọrụ (IU) (40 IU dị na 1 ml nke ihe insulin).

Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na mkpa nke insulin na-arịa ọrịa shuga mellitus metụtara mkpochapụ nsogbu ndị na-esite na ọrịa a na mgbanwe nke carbohydrates na abụba. E gosiputara nke a n'imezi ọnọdụ ọrịa nke ndị ọrịa, iwetulata ọkwa shuga dị ala, belata ma ọ bụ kpochapụ glucosuria na acetonuria, yana n'iwusi ọtụtụ nsogbu nke anụ ahụ na-eso mellitus ọrịa shuga (furunlera, polyneuritis, polyarthritis, wdg).

Kaolin, carbon na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ndị ọzọ adsorb na-eme insulin n'ime ya, ọ na-adị mfe mmiri, alkalis, acid na ngwọta mmanya na-adịghị ike, insoluble na 96% mmanya, acetone na ether.

Emebi homonụ ahụ site n'ọrụ nke ìhè anyanwụ (radieshon UV), na-ebelata ndị ọrụ na ihe ndị na - egbu mmadụ, yana enzymes proteolytic (ọkachasị trypsin) na-ebibi ya ngwa ngwa. Igwe njuputa nke insulin dabere na pH nke ndi ozo - na uzo nke mmeghachi omume acid, insulin nwere ike iguzogide esi mmiri n’otu elekere, nkwụsi ike n’ime alkaline sol di obere.

Mmepụta insulin

Mostzọ kachasị agbasa iji mepụta insulin anụmanụ site na pancreas nke ezì na ehi bụ ndị a (ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe nke usoro ndị bụ isi):

1. Isi mmịpụta nke pancreas ekewara ekewa na mmanya na-egbu acid.
2. Mwepu nke mmanya na-aba n'anya n'okpuru agụụ, na-emebi ma na-agbagha na mmanya 80%, nke insulin insude na-eji mmanya na-aba n'anya ma ọ bụ nke ether.
3. Solgbaze insulin insude na mmiri distilled na nsacha ya na-esote na iji usoro ndị a: mmiri si na mmiri ọgwụ nnu, sọks insulin na pịlị acid, ọdịda nke insulin na ebe dị iche site na ihe nwere pH = 5.0, adsorption na kaolin ma ọ bụ carbon na-arụ ọrụ.

A pụrụ ịkwadebe insulin nnu abụọ (ọtụtụ oge chloride) na ntọala insulin.

Insulin bụ ọgwụ a na-eme ka ọ dị ntakịrị belata shuga. , nwere ikike ịhazi metabolism nke metabolism, na-eme ka glucose na-eme ka anụ ahụ dịkwuo elu ma na-akwalite ntụgharị ya n'ime glycogen, na-emekwa ka itinye glucose na sel.
Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta hypoglycemic (iwetulata shuga dị ala), insulin nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta ndị ọzọ: ọ na-eme ka ụlọ ahịa glycogen nwee uru ahụ, na-akpali njikọ peptide, belata oriri protein, wdg.

Nleta insulin tinyere mkpali ma obu mgbochi (mgbochi) nke enzymes ụfọdụ , glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase na-akpali, lipase na-eme ka abụba nke adipose anụ ahụ, lipoprotein lipase, belata obubata ọbara mgbe nri bara ụba nke abụba, na-egbochi.
Ogo nke biosynthesis na secretion (zoro ezo) nke insulin na-adabere n’onodu glucose n’ime ọbara.
Site na mmụba nke ihe ndị dị na ya, mmiri nzuzo nke insulin site na pancreas na-abawanye, na Kama nke ahụ, mbelata nke mkpokọta glucose na ọbara na-eme ka mmiri ọgwụ insulin kwụsịlata.

Na mmejuputa nsonaazụ insulin, ọ bụ onye isi na-arụ ọrụ ya site na mmekọrịta ya na otu onye nnabata nke dị na isi ihe dị na sel ahụ, na nguzobe nke insulin receptor complex.
Nnabata insulin na insulin na-abanye n’ime sel , ebe ọ na - emetụta ụda phospholation nke cellular protein, a na - aghọtaghị mmeghachi omume intracellular nke ọma.
Insulin bu isi ọgwụgwọ a kapịrị ọnụ maka ọrịa shuga mellitus, ebe ọ na-ebelata hyperglycemia (mmụba nke glucose ọbara) na glycosuria (ọnụnọ shuga na mmamịrị), na-emezigharị ntụpọ nke imeju na akwara, na-ebelata mmepụta glucose, na-ebelata ọnya shuga (ọnụnọ nke abụba n'ọbara) , na - eme ka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa dịkwuo mma .

A na - enweta insulin maka iji ogwu gwo oria ehi . E nwere usoro kemịkalụ nke insulin, mana ọ nweghị ike ịnweta.
Developedzọ usoro biotechnology mepụtara na nso nso a iji mepụta insulin mmadụ. Insulin nke enwetara site na inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-agbanwe agbanwe na usoro amino acid nke insulin na-eme mmadụ.
N'ọnọdụ ebe enwetara insulin site na ọrịa ụmụ anụmanụ, adịghị ọcha dị iche iche (proinsulin, glucagon, onwe-statin, protein, polypeptides, wdg) nwere ike ịdị na nkwadebe ahụ n'ihi adịghị ọcha zuru oke.
Preparationsme insulin n'ụzọ dị ọcha nwere ike ibute mmeghachi omume ọjọọ dị iche iche.

Zọ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eme ka o kwe omume ịnweta ọcha (monopic - chromatographically ọcha na mwepụta nke "elu" nke insulin), na-asachapụ nke ukwuu (monocomponent) na nkwadebe insulin.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị insulin nke mmadụ na-eme ihe.
N'ime usoro insulin nke sitere na anụmanụ, a na-ahọrọ insulin nwetara site na pancreas ezì.

A na-ekpebi ọrụ insulin na-egbu (site n'ikike wedata glucose ọbara na oke bekee) na otu n'ime ụzọ physicochemical (electrophoresis na akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ chromatography na akwụkwọ). Maka otu ihe (IU), ma ọ bụ otu mba ụwa (IE), buru ọrụ nke 0.04082 mg nke insulin crystalline.

Ihe kachasị egosi maka iji insulin eme ihe bụ ụdị m ọrịa shuga mellitus (nke insulin na-adabere), mana n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-enye ya iwu maka ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus nke II (na-abụghị insulin).

Na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga jiri insulin kwadebe ụdị dura nke dị iche iche .
Insulin na-adị mkpụmkpụ ọ dịkwa n'ụfọdụ usoro ọrịa ndị ọzọ na - akpata ọrịa hypoglycemic steeti (iwetulata shuga ọbara n'ụdị ụfọdụ) nke schizophrenia, dị ka ihe anabolic (na - eme ka protein) na - arụ ọrụ na -ewe oke ume, nri na-edozi ahụ, ajị anụ ahụ (otutu ọnya anụ ahụ), thyrotoxicosis (ọrịa thyroid) glands), na ọrịa nke afọ (atony / ọnwụ nke ụda /, gastroptosis / prolapse of the afo /), ịba ọcha n'anya (mbufụt nke anụ ahụ akwara), ụdị mbụ nke imeju imeju, yana akụrụngwa "polarizing" ngwọta na-eji na-emeso nnukwu akwara insufficiency (mismatch n'etiti gbasara obi oxygen ina na ya nnyefe).

Nhọrọ insulin maka ịgwọ ọrịa shuga na-adabere n'ịdị ukwuu na njirimara nke ọrịa ahụ, ọnọdụ onye ọrịa ahụ, yana ọnụego mmalite na oge mmetụta hypoglycemic nke ọgwụ.
Oge izizi nke insulin na ịtinye ọgwụ wee mee nke a ga-emerịrị n'ụlọ ọgwụ (ụlọ ọgwụ).

Nkwadebe insulin na-adị obere - ndị a bụ azịza ezubere maka nchịkwa subcutaneous ma ọ bụ nchịkwa intramuscular.
Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a na-enyekwa ha intravenia.
Ha nwere mmetụta nbelata shuga dị ngwa ma dị mkpụmkpụ.
A na-enyekarị ha obere obere ala ma ọ bụ intramuscularly tupu nkeji iri site n'otu ruo ọtụtụ oge n'ụbọchị.
Nsonaazụ mgbe ịgba nchara subcutaneous pụtara na nkeji 15-20, rute oke mgbe awa 2 gachara, oge ngụkọta oge a na-eme ihe karịrị awa 6.
A na-ejikarị ha n'ụlọ ọgwụ iji guzobe insulin dị mkpa maka onye ọrịa, yana n'ọnọdụ ebe ọ dị mkpa iji nweta mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na insulin na-arụ ahụ - na-arịa ọrịa shuga na precom (mmeju zuru oke ma ọ bụ nke akụkụ n'ihi mmụba dị elu na shuga dị n'ọbara) .
Na mgbakwunye, a na - eji insulin eme ihe dị mkpụmkpụ ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ anabolic ma depụtara ya, dịka iwu, na obere usoro (4-8 nkeji 1-2 ugboro n'ụbọchị).

Nkwadebe insulin nke nọ ogologo oge dị n'ụdị usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nwere ọnụọgụ dị iche iche nke nsonata shuga (semylong, ogologo, ultralong).
Maka ọgwụ dị iche iche, nsonaazụ ya na-adịru awa 10 ruo 36.
N'ihi ọgwụ ndị a, ị nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ injections kwa ụbọchị.
A na-arụpụta ha n'ụdị mgbochi. (nkwusioru nke ọgwụ siri ike nke ọgwụ ahụ na mmiri mmiri), a na-ahụ naanị subcutaneously ma ọ bụ intramuscularly, a naghị anabata nchịkwa intravenous. Na ọnọdụ akpịrị na-arịa ọrịa shuga na ọnọdụ preccatous, ọgwụ anaghị adị ogologo oge.

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ nkwadebe insulin, ọ dị mkpa ijide n'aka na oge nke ịbelata shuga kachasị ruru oge ị na-ewe.
Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a ga-enwe ike ị 2ụ ọgwụ 2 maka ogologo oge na otu sirinji.
Fọdụ ndị ọrịa chọrọ ọ bụghị naanị ogologo oge, kamakwa ịme ka usoro glucose ọbara dị ngwa. Ha kwesiri ịkọwa nkwadebe insulin na-eme ogologo oge ma dị mkpụmkpụ.
Ọtụtụ mgbe a na-enye ọgwụ ogologo oge tupu nri ụtụtụ agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, enwere ike ịme ogwu ya n’oge ndị ọzọ.

A na-eme nkwadebe insulin niile dabere na ntinye nke nri.
Ekwesịrị ịkọwa nkọwa nke ike ike dere (site na 1700 ruo 3000 khal) site na oke ahụ onye ọrịa n'oge oge ọgwụgwọ, site na ụdị mmemme. Yabụ, ebelatalata nri na-arụ ọrụ ike, na-arụ ọrụ ike, ọnụọgụ calories chọrọ kwa ụbọchị maka onye ọrịa dịkarịa ala 3000, na-eri nri na-eri oke nri yana ibi ndụ enweghị enyemaka, ọ gaghị agafe 2000.

Mmeghe nke usoro oke oke, yana enweghị nri carbohydrates na nri, nwere ike ibute ọnọdụ hypoglycemic. (wedata shuga di ala) tinyere agụụ nke agụụ, adịghị ike, ọsụsọ, ịma jijiji nke anụ ahụ, isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, anụ ahụ, oke iwe (enweghị obi abụọ) ma ọ bụ iwe iwe.
Mgbe nke a gasịrị, hypoglycemic coma nwere ike ịmalite (enweghị mmụọ, nke a na-eji enweghị mmeghachi ahụ nke anụ ahụ n'ihi mkpali dị n'ọbara n'ihi oke ọbara shuga) na nsụhọ mmụọ, ihe ọdịdọ, yana mbelata nke ukwuu na ọrụ obi.
Iji gbochie steeti hypoglycemic, ndị ọrịa kwesịrị ị drinkụ tii dị ụtọ ma ọ bụ rie mkpụrụ osisi ole na ole.

Na hypoglycemic (ejikọtara na mbelata ọbara shuga) coma A na-agbanye 40% glucose ngwọta n'ime akwara dị na 10-40 ml, mgbe ụfọdụ ruo 100 ml, mana ọ dịghị.
Imezi hypoglycemia (iwetulata shuga dị ala) n'ụdị nnukwu enwere ike ime ya site na iji intramuscular ma ọ bụ subcutaneous management nke glucagon.

Site na nchịkwa insulin nke subcutaneous, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmalite lipodystrophy (mbelata olu nke adipose anụ ahụ n'ụdị subcutaneous) na ntụtụ.

Nkwadebe insulin dị ọcha n'oge a ka ọ dị ụkọ na-akpata ihe nfụkasị ọ bụla, agbanyeghị, a naghị ewepụ ndị dị otú ahụ. Mmepe nke oke nfụkasị mmeghachi omume na-achọ desensitizing ozugbo (igbochi ma ọ bụ igbochi mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị) ọgwụgwọ na dochie ọgwụ.

Ihe mgbochi iji ojiji insulin bụ ọrịa na-eme na hypoglycemia, nnukwu ịba ọcha n'anya, cirrhosis, hemolytic jaundice (edo edo na akpụkpọ ahụ mucous nke nku anya na-akpata site na ndakpọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọbara), pancreatitis (mbufụt nke pancreas), nephritis (mbufụt nke akụrụ) Ọria akụrụ jikọtara ya na protein / amyloid metabolism), urolithiasis, afọ na ọnya afọ, decompensated ntụpọ obi (nkụda obi n'ihi nkụda obi. ọrịa nke ya valves).

Achọrọ oke nlezianya na ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa mellitus, na-arịa ụkọ nri (ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpa obi oxygen na nnyefe ya) na mmebi ụbụrụ | mgbasa ọbara.
Ọ dị mkpa ịkpachara anya mgbe ị na-eji insulin na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa thyroid, ọrịa Addison (arụ ọrụ adrenal ezughi oke), na ọdịda akụrụ.

Ekwesịrị ilebara ọgwụ insulin dị ime anya.
N'ime oge izizi nke ịtụrụ ime, mkpa insulin na-agbadata ntakịrị wee rute n'oge nke abụọ na nke atọ.
Alfa-adrenergic blockers na beta-adrenostimulants, tetracyclines, salicylates na-abawanye secretion nke endogenous (excretion nke ahụ hiwere) insulin.
Thiazide diupetik (diuretics), beta-igbochi, mmanya nwere ike ibute hypoglycemia.

Mmekorita ya na
ogwu ozo
site na:

A na - eme ka mmetụta hypoglycemic nke insulin dịkwuo elu onu hypoglycemic ọgwụ ọjọọ, Mao inhibitors, Ace inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, nhọrọ beta-blockers, bromocriptine, octreotide, sulfonamides, anabolic Steroid, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, pyridoxine, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, lithium, ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ethanol .

Mmetụta hypoglycemic nke insulin na-ebelata ogwu ura, ogwu corticosteroids, homonụ thyroid, thiazide diuretics, heparin, tricyclic antidepressants, sympathomimetics, danazole, clonidine, mgbochi ndị na-egbochi calcium, diazoxide, morphine, phenytoin, nicotine.

N'okpuru mmetụta nke reserpine na salicylates, ma ike na-agwụ ike ma na-abawanye na ọrụ ọgwụ a ga-ekwe omume.
Ọgwụ nwere thiol ma ọ bụ sulfite, mgbe etinye ya na insulin, na-akpata mbibi ya.

N'oge afọ ime, ụdị insulin, usoro ya na usoro nchịkwa ya bụ nke ndị dibia nọ na-ekpebi.
Ọ bụrụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ ahọpụtara adabaghị adaba, ọ dị mkpa ka ịgakwuru dọkịta ọzọ wee họrọ, n'ikpeazụ, usoro ọgwụgwọ kachasị adaba ma dị irè.

Ọrịa : ike ọgwụgwụ, ike ọgwụgwụ, agụụ, profuse salivation, pallor, mkpịsị aka mkpịsị aka, shoor, palpitations, ụmụ akwụkwọ kpughere, anya isi, isi ọwụwa, mkpọtụ ugboro ugboro, na-ata ata, mbelata nke mmụọ, mmegbu ma ọ bụ mkparị, omume unmotivated, tonic ma ọ bụ clonic na, n'ikpeazụ, Coma.

Ekwesịrị ịmalite ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa hypoglycemic ozugbo.
N'ọnọdụ dị nro, o zuru iji inye tii dị ụtọ, ihe ọ fruitụ fruitụ mkpụrụ osisi, mmanụ a honeyụ.
Site na mwepu zuru oke (coma) ozugbo itinye usoro glucose dị ukwuu (10-20 ml nke 20-40% glucose).
Ọ bụrụ na enweghi ike itinye ntụtụ nke glucose, a na-atụ aro ka intramuscularly nye 0.001-0.002 g nke glucagon ma ọ bụ 0,5 ml nke 0.1% nke adrenaline hydrochloride n'okpuru anụ ahụ.
Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na na ntinye nke adrenaline, nsonaazụ nwere ike ime - palpitations, ịma jijiji, ọbara mgbali elu, nchekasị, wdg.

A na-enweta insuline Syringe na iko vials hermetically seal with roba stoppers with break-aluminom.
Na karama 10 ml, na igbe 5 pcs ma ọ bụ na penfill (katriji) 1.5 na 3 ml maka ogwe eji ogwu .

Nkwadebe insulin (ma vials na katridges) ndị a na-ejighị, ekwesịrị idobe ya na 2-8 Celsius C n’ebe gbara ọchịchịrị , i.e. na friji (ọkacha mma na ala adịghị adị), na friza.
N'oge okpomọkụ a, ha na-ejigide ihe ọmụmụ ha na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu ruo mgbe nchekwa shelf gosiri na ngwugwu ahụ. A gaghị enyocha insulin mgbe ị na-efe n'ụgbọelu iji zere ihe ize ndụ nke kefriza.
Oke nchekwa nchekwa dị elu na-eduga n'ịbelata nwayọ n'ọrụ ọrụ ọgwụ. Ìhè anwụ na-emetụtakwa n'ụzọ dị njọ, na-eme ka mfu nke ihe omume bio 100 site na narị ugboro.
Insulin na-amịpụta mmiri nwere ike ịmali ma bụrụ urukpuru . Granules na flakes na-etolite insulin nke insulin. Nchikota nke okpomoku na nkpagbu ogologo oge na - eme ka usoro a di ike.

A na-echekwa karama insulin nke onye ọrịa nwere ike ịchekwa ya n'ime ụlọ ụlọ anaghị elu 25 Celsius C, n'ebe gbara ọchịchịrị ruo izu isii. A na-ebelata oge a ka izu anọ na-eji Penfill cartridges, ebe ọ bụ na a na-eburu mkpịsị mkpịsị mkpịsị n’akpa gị n’akpa n ’ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị nso n’ahụ. A ga-echekwa vials nke insulin na friji maka ọnwa 3 mgbe ojiji nke mbụ.

Enweghị ike iji insulin jụrụ oyi mgbe ọ afterachachara ya. Nke a bụ eziokwu kachasị mkpa maka nkwụsị. N'oge nsị, kristal ma ọ bụ ururu na-agbakọta ma ghara ịgbari mgbe ịchachara, nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume ịnweta nkwenye ọzọ. Ya mere, nsogbu nke iwebata ọgwụ ezughi oke na-abawanye nnukwu.

Ekwesiri ile anya ka insulin mebie emebi mgbe emechara. Agaghị enwe ike iji ụdị insulin na-eme ihe mgbe ị na-agbapụta mmiri, ma ọ bụ na-apụta ma ọ bụ na-egosi irighiri ihe.
Nkwụsị nke insulin, nke mgbe agwakọtịtaghị ụdị nkwụghachi ọcha nwere ma ọ bụ nwee eriri, eriri, na-agbanwe agba, adịghị mma maka ojiji.

1 ml nke ihe ngwọta ma ọ bụ nkwusioru na-enwekarị nkeji 40.
Dabere na isi mmalite mmepụta, a na - ekepụta insulin site na akwara anụ ma kee ya site na iji usoro inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Dika ogo asacha, nhazi insulin sitere na akwara anụmanụ na - ekewa n’ime monopic (MP) na monocomponent (MK).
Ugbu a enwetara site na pancreas ezì, edepụtara ha na leta C (SMP - anụ ezi anụ ezi, SMK - anụ ezi anụ ezi), anụ ehi - leta G (anụ ehi: GMP - anụ ehi anụ, GMK - anụ anụ anụ).
Akwụkwọ ozi C na-egosi nkwadebe insulin nke mmadụ.

Dabere na oge omume, a na - ekewa insulins:
- nkwadebe insulin na-eme obere ihe : mbido nke ime ihe dị ka nkeji iri na ise ruo iri abụọ na ise, arụpụta ihe dị elu karịa awa 1 / 2-2, ngụkọta oge nke ime ihe awa 4-6,
- nhazi insulin na-eme ogologo oge ị drugsụ ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere oge oge eji arụ ọrụ (mmalite mgbe elekere 1 / 2-2 gasịrị, elu mgbe awa 3-12 gachara, awa 8-12 awa), ọgwụ were ogologo oge (mmalite mgbe elekere 4-8 gachara, elu mgbe awa 8-18 gachara, ngụkọta oge 20-30 awa).

Ọrịa shuga mellitus bụ nnukwu ọrịa na-ekweghị ala ala. Nje nke mmadu bu aru nke endocrine system nke n’emeputa insulin hormone di nkpa. Insulin na-eme mgbanwe nke glucose, nke dị mkpa maka ụbụrụ na ahụ niile na-arụ ọrụ. Na ọrịa shuga mellitus, pancreas enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ ọfụma. Ya mere, onye ọrịa ahụ chọrọ ị regularụ ọgwụ ike oge niile. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ọgwụ zuru ezu. Ma ụdị shuga na-adabere na shuga chọrọ ntụtụ insulin.

Ọgwụgwọ

A nwere ike iji naanị nri ịgwọ ọrịa shuga dị mfe. Ma n'ọtụtụ oge onye ọrịa ahụ chọrọ ị .ụ ọgwụ. Formdị ọrịa shuga kachasị njọ - ụdị ọrịa na-adabere na ọrịa insulin - na-apụta n'ihe dị ka 10-15% nke ọrịa. Ma otu ụdị nwere ike ịtụgharị gaa na nke ọzọ.

Ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga na-adabere na ọrịa shuga n'ọtụtụ oge chọrọ insulin insulin nke artificial mee ogologo oge. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ bụ bovine na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ insulin anụ ezi, nke nwere adịghị ọcha dị iche iche. Nke a na-amata insulin nke onye ọrịa na homonụ nke mmadụ na-emepụta.

Nsonaazụ

Mgbe ị na - eji insulin inje iji kwalite ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa mamịrị, dịka ọ dị n'ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla, mmetụta ndị ọzọ na - akpata insulin nwere ike ime. Offọdụ n’ime ha anaghị akpata ezigbo nchegbu, mana ụfọdụ ihe ngosipụta dị oke njọ.

Nke a apụtaghị na onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ịjụ ọgwụ ịgba insulin. Ihe ojoo nye ndu ya. Ọ dị mkpa naanị ịhọrọ ọgwụ ziri ezi ka o dabara onye ọrịa a kapịrị ọnụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ịgbanye insulin dị ọcha na-ewepụ ọtụtụ mmetụta na-adịghị mma. Ọ bụrụ na nke a anaghị enyere aka, mgbe ahụ onye ọrịa ahụ ga-anara ọgwụgwọ ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ịjụ ọgwụ ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-arịa ụdị insulin na-arịa agaghị ekwe omume.

Mmeghachi omume anụ ahụ

Mgbe ị na-abanye insulin, mmetụta dị iche iche nwere ike ime.

Hypoglycemia bụ mmetụta kachasị emetụta ọgwụgwọ. Nke a bụ ọnọdụ a na-efe efe nke ejiri glucose ọbara dị ala mara n'okpuru nkịtị. Nke a na-a withụbiga ọgwụ ókè. Obi mmadụ na-emekwa ọsọ ọsọ, nchekasị na ụjọ na-ebilite, a na-ahụ akpụkpọ anụ ahụ. Dizzness, ịkụ afọ ojuju, ọsụsọ gabigara ókè na ịma jijiji ga-ekwe omume. Enwere mmụba nke agụụ, nke kwesịrị iju ya iji belata ọnọdụ onye ọrịa (ọ ka mma iji carbohydrates ngwa ngwa). N'okwu ndị kachasị sie ike, ọdụdụ ọdịdọ, coma na ọnwụ ga-ekwe omume.

Mmetụta ọzọ na-esokarị bụ nfụkasị insulin. Ọ na-abụkarị ihe metụtara mmeghachi omume na ọgwụ adịghị. A na - ejikarị ya na atrophy anụ ahụ na ntụtụ.

Ọrịa Somoji bụ posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia. Mgbanwe na ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara na-akpata nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma maka ndị ọrịa mamịrị.

Lipodystrophy bụ ọrịa na - arụ ọrụ nke anụ ahụ dị n'okpuru ala, ebe ọ na - egosipụta onwe ya na mwepu ya ma ọ bụ na - abawanye ụba. Ọ na-atụ aro ka ịgbanwe saịtị ntụtụ karịa oge.

Insulin edema - na - emekarị na mmalite ọgwụgwọ, mana emesiafechaa. Achọghị ọgwụgwọ.

Kedu ihe kpatara eji nwee ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa shuga ịchọ enyemaka site na ntuziaka maka ojiji nke insulin. Ma otu iwu nchekwa nke ọgwụ a nwere ike isi metụta ahụike nke onye ọrịa.

Insulin bu ogwu eji ewepu oria mamiri, ihe ya bu mmiri n’agha n’ari. Ntụziaka maka ị ofụ ọgwụ a bụ nkpa mmachi mgbe ị na-ede akwụkwọ ọgwụ a. Ekwesịrị ka dọkịta gị nye gị ọgwụ Latin.

Ọgwụ Farmacology

Insulin, nke di na sisitemu obara mmadu, bu homonụ nke neme ka metabolism nke usoro carbohydrate di na aru mmadu, belata shuga obara ma nyere aka inweta glucose. N'ihi ezughi oke homonụ ahụ site na pancreas, ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ, onye ahụ na-emebiga ihe ókè na-amalite ịchọrọ ya site na mpụga.

Emere ihe a dika ihe eji eme aru aru site na oria nke ehi, ezì na ekele nke ihe omumu ihe banyere ndu.

Ihe ngosi maka ojiji

N'ụzọ bụ isi, a na-eji insulin eme ihe dị ka ọgwụ iji gwọọ ọrịa shuga mellitus (ụdị 1) yana n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nke ọrịa endocrine (iji insulin maka ọrịa shuga 2).

A na - eji insulin eme ihe dị mkpụmkpụ iji belata shuga ọbara n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke schizophrenia, mmepe nke furunlera, na ọrịa nke eriri afọ. Ọzọkwa yana ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya na ọkwa mbụ nke imeju imeju.

Na mgbakwunye, a na-enye insulin ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ịre ahụ (iji mee ka ahụ ya dịkwuo elu), maka ndị ọrịa nwere njiri mara nke erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ yana ụkọ nri.

Ojiji insulin bu ihe akparama agwa dika ihe mejuputara osisa nye ogwu eji arusi oria akwara.

Otu esi etinye

Ojiji nke ogwu a gunyere itinye ya n’ime akwara ma ọ bụ n’okpuru anụ ahụ naanị naanị n’ọnọdụ siri ike (ọnụnọ nke ọrịa mamịrị) n’obodo.

Na ọrịa shuga mellitus, a na-enye ọgwụ nwere ike ịbanye insulin n'otu n'otu dabere na nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ, gụnyere ọkwa shuga, homonụ protein n'ime ọbara, n'ihe metụtara ya ọ ga-ekwu okwu naanị banyere ogo a na-anabata. Na ajụjụ ahụ, kedu ụdị shuga insulin na-agbanye, anyị nwere ike ikwu naanị - 12 mmol / liter.

Ọgwụ insulin chọrọ maka ọrịa shuga bụ ná nkezi, nkeji 10 ruo 40 kwa ụbọchị. Site na okike nke ịrịa ọrịa mamịrị, enwere ike ịgbakọ ojiji nke insulin kwa ụbọchị karịa 100 nkeji (subcutaneously) na ọ bụghị ihe karịrị nkeji iri ise na nlekọta nchịkwa ọgwụ.

Maka akara ndị ọzọ, enwere ike ịkọ ọgwụ ahụ na obere usoro - 5-10 nkeji kwa ụbọchị.

Maka iji insulin eme ihe, sirinji eji eme ihe ntụtụ bụ ihe pụrụ iche, yana agịga ejiri rụọ ọrụ, teknụzụ nke gụnyere itinye ntụtụ nke ihe niile dị na ya iji nọgide na-agbaso ọgwụ ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Mgbe edepụtara ihe na nkwanye, ọ na-atụ aro ka ịkwanye ọdịnaya nke karama ahụ tupu ejupụta ya na sirinji.

Maka ọrịa shuga, a na-eji ihe ahụ akọwapụtara akọwapụta na usoro 2-3. A na-eme ntụtụ ahụ nkeji iri atọ tupu mmalite oriri. Otu udiri irighiri ogwu gha amalite ime ihe mgbe oge 60 jiri oge oge ruru 4-8 awa. In insulin ewebata n’ime akwara na-amalite ọrụ ya mgbe nkeji iri atọ gachara, ebe ọ na -ebelata shuga ka ọ bụrụ otu mgbe ma ọ bụ abụọ gachara.

Dị Mwepụta

A na-ewepụta ọgwụ ahụ n’ụdị edozi, nkwusioru, na vials, n’ụfọdụ katridges (katridges, katridges na sistemụ zubere maka iji ha na sirinji).

Karịsịa, usoro ntụtụ ahụ dị na karama akpụkpọ ogwu igba ogwu na ego nke 5 na 10 ml, ọrụ nke, dị ka iwu, nwere site na nkeji 20 ruo 100 na 1 ml nke mmiri mmiri.

Ọgwụ a bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha nwere sọlfọ nwere ihe ruru 3.1%.

Ngwọta maka injection bụ mmiri ọcha na-acha ọcha nwere pH site na 2 ruo 3.5. Iji mee ihe edozi, a na-agbaze ntụ ntụ n'ime mmiri pụrụ iche maka ịgba ntụtụ, yana mgbakwunye nke HCI acid, glycerin na ihe ngwọta nke phenol ma ọ bụ tricresol maka ichebe.

Enwere ike ịzụta nkwụchi nke ikpughe ogologo oge n'ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ nwere karama nke 5 na 10 ml. A na-emechi akụkụ ọ bụla dị otú ahụ na mkpuchi na-acha uhie uhie nke okpu sitere na aluminom.

Ihe ngbanwe

Ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya, pancreatitis, nephritis, ọrịa nkume akụrụ, ọnya afọ na duodenum, ọrịa obi na-agbasa.

Ntụziaka pụrụ iche

Utionkpachara anya na eji insulin eme ihe dị mkpa mgbe ị na-ede ya maka ndị ọrịa na-arịa ụkọ ọbara na ihe mberede ụbụrụ.

Mgbe ị na-eji ọgwụ ogologo oge eme ihe n'ihi ohere nke mmadụ na-agbanwe na mmeghachi nke ego ndị a, a na-atụ aro ka ị mụọ ugboro atọ 3-4 nke mmamịrị maka shuga, mmamịrị kwa ụbọchị maka shuga, yana ọkwa glucose ọbara. Nke a ga - enyere gị aka ịkọwapụta oge nlekọta insulin, na - eburu n'uche mmalite oge mmetụta kachasị hypoglycemic.

Nkwadebe insulin na-eme ogologo oge adịghị mma (n'ihi nzụlite ngwa ngwa nke nsonaazụ) maka ọgwụgwọ nke predomatous na ọnọdụ comatose na ndị ọrịa mamịrị.

A na - eme ka mmetụta insulin dịkwuo mma site na nhazi oge.

Ngwakọta na ụdị ntọhapụ

Ulinmịnye ọgwụ insulin

A na-ewepụta insulin maka injection na vials sterile nke nwere ikike nke 5 ml na 10 ml, ọrụ nke 20 PIECES, 40 PIECES ma ọ bụ Pie iri abụọ na 80 na ngwọta 1 ml.

Insulin maka iji ogwu bu ugwọ hygroscopic ọcha, nke a na-agbari na mmiri, nke enwetara site na mmịpụta nke pancreas nke ehi na-egbu (insulin anụmanụ) ma ọ bụ site na usoro sịntetik. Nwere sọlfọ 3.1%.

Nleta insulin bu ihe nlere anya doro anya, adighi odo odo ma obu nke edo edo (pH 2.0-3.5), nke edoziri site na itinye insulin nke insulin na mmiri ka igba ogwu, nke ejiri mmanu hydrochloric acid tinye ihe ozo 0.25-0.3%, ma obu canning.

A na-ahapụ ndị na - ahapụ mmadụ ka ọ bụrụ ndị a na - akpọrọ n'ime 5 milimita na 10 mil vials, nke ejiri mpempe akwụkwọ roba ejiri okpu alumini kpuchie ya.

Ndụ shelf na ọnọdụ nchekwa

Chekwaa jiri nlezianya (ndepụta B) na okpomọkụ nke 1-10 Celsius C, ịkwadebe insulin ekwesịghị ajụ oyi.

Ndụ nchekwa insulin maka injection bụ afọ 2.

Nkwadebe insulin

Swinsulin - ihe mmeri nke insulin nke insulin na-enweta site na pancreas nke ezi. A na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe na ndị ọrịa na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-enweta site na pancreas ehi.

Monosuinsulin - nkwadebe nke na-eme obere mkpụmkpụ nke nwere insulin nke porcine insulin nwere mmetụta na-ebelata shuga dị mkpụmkpụ. A na-eji ya maka insulin na-eguzogide ọgwụ, lipodystrophy, mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ mpaghara na n'ozuzu ya na-esite na inje nke usoro insulin ndị ọzọ. A na - elekọta Monosuinsulin ma ọ bụ nkeji iri abụọ na abụọ tupu nkeji iri tupu otu nri, otu ugboro n'ọtụtụ ụbọchị. Omume ahụ na-eme mgbe nkeji 15-20 gachara, a na-enweta nsonaazụ kachasị mgbe awa 2 gachara, oge nke ọgwụ adịghị ihe karịrị awa 6. N'ihe banyere mmeghachi omume nfụkasị, a na-eme nnwale intradermal (0.02-0.04 U) tupu itinye monosuinsulin. Na lipodystrophy, a na-achịkwa azịza subcutaneously na oke nke ahụ ike na emetụta mpaghara nke abụba subcutaneous: na ụmụaka, nkeji 2-4, na ndị okenye, 4-8 nkeji 30-40 ụbọchị. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, megharịa ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ihe banyere oke ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè, enwere agụụ, adịghị ike, ọsụsọ, palpitations, isi nri (ọnọdụ hypoglycemia) ga-ekwe omume. Ọ dị mkpa ịkpachara anya na ezughi oke akwara, ọrịa ụbụrụ.

Nkwụsị nke mejupụtara amachibidoro amorphous na zinc-insulin crystalline.

Nkwụsị site n'ụdị nke ntụ ntụ amorphous na acetate buffer nwere oge nke awa 10-12 na nsonaazụ kachasị n'oge awa asaa mbụ.

Akwụsịtụ nke insulin nke insulin na acetate buffer, ọgwụ nwere oge ruru 36 awa, kachasị na-apụta awa 16-20 mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị.

Mkwusi mkpụkpọ nke kristal insulin na mgbagwoju anya na protamine na phosphate buffer.

10 ml vials, ọgwụ mejupụtara: insulin - 40 PIECES, zinc chloride - 0.08 mg, triprotamine - 0.8 ml, glucose - 40 mg, sodium phosphate nke a na - ekesa - ihe dịka 4 mg, tricresol - 3 mg.

Ọgwụ gbatịpụrụ agbatị, na usoro nke oge ọrụ, na-ewe etiti n'etiti ọgwụ nkịtị na Triprotamine-zinc-insulin.

Nkwụsịtụ nke agba ọcha. Njirimara nke nkwusioru, atụnyere ọgwụ ị nwere, ọ na-eji nwayọ nwayọ na ogologo oge.

Nkwụsịtụ nke insulin crystalline, protamine, zinc chloride na sodium phosphate, ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge.

Insulin na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge na mgbakwunye nke aminoquinocarbamide hydrochloride.

Nkwụsị insulin ogologo oge - insulin amorphous anụ ezi a gwakọtara ya na zinc na crystalline ehi insulin n'ụdị ya na zinc (na 3: 7). Ọgwụ bụ ogologo oge, na-achịkwa subcutaneously na intramuscularly na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-agba ume na oke. Mmetụta na -emelata shuga na-apụta na awa 2-4, rute ọrụ kachasị elu na awa 8-10 wee ruo awa 20-24. A na-edowe onunu ogwu na onu ogugu nke ubochi n’otu n’otu, n’iburu n’uche nha okpomoku a n’etu n’ime oge di iche iche n’otu ubochi. Ejiri ọgwụ ahụ maka coma mamịrị na precomatous steeti. N'ihe banyere ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè, ọnọdụ hypoglycemic na mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị (urticaria, ihe ngbu, ọnya akpụkpọ ahụ, ụbụrụ Quincke) nwere ike ịmalite.

Nkwụsị insulin ọkara - nwere insulin ezumike amorphous dị mgbagwoju anya na zinc. Ọgwụ bụ ogologo oge. Etinyere ya na ọrịa mellitus nke ogo njọ na ụdị siri ike, yana hyperglycemia ụbọchị na glucosuria, na-achịkwa subcutaneously ma ọ bụ intramuscularly. Achọpụtara mmetụta ahụ mgbe awa 1-1.5 gasịrị, ọrụ kachasị - mgbe awa 5-8 gachara. Ogologo oge nke ọgwụ ahụ bụ awa 10-12.

Nkwụsị Insulin Ultralong - nwere insulin nke insulin a na -ebu akwa nwere otutu ya na zinc. Tinye subcutaneously na intramuscularly na ọrịa shuga mellitus nke ogo na-adịghị ala ala na ụdị siri ike, na ọkara nke abụọ nke abalị na n'isi ụtụtụ. A na-achọpụta mmetụta iwetulata shuu mgbe awa 6-8 gachara. Oge 30-36 awa.

(Insulinum) - protein dị arọ nke molekul, protein nke mepụtara na mammalian na-eme ka mmiri zoro ezo (ụmụ irighiri agwaetiti nke Langerhans).

Frederick Bunting, Charles Best na James Collip buru ụzọ nweta insulin site na ọrịa anụmanụ na 1921.

Insulin bu ihe nlebara anya nke metabolism metabolism, site na igbanye hexokinases nke na - akwalite itinye glucose - ntinye ya n’ime akwara (nke kacha nke akwara) na ijide ya, ma na - akpalikwa mkpokoro nke glycogen site na glucose na akwara akwara na n’ime imeju, ma na - egbochi gluconeogenesis.

A na-ewere ọrụ mmebe shuga nke 0.045 mg nke insulin na kristal dị ka otu ọrụ (IU) (40 IU dị na 1 ml nke ihe insulin).

Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na mkpa nke insulin na-arịa ọrịa shuga mellitus metụtara mkpochapụ nsogbu ndị na-esite na ọrịa a na mgbanwe nke carbohydrates na abụba. E gosiputara nke a n'imezi ọnọdụ ọrịa nke ndị ọrịa, iwetulata ọkwa shuga dị ala, belata ma ọ bụ kpochapụ glucosuria na acetonuria, yana n'iwusi ọtụtụ nsogbu nke anụ ahụ na-eso mellitus ọrịa shuga (furunlera, polyneuritis, polyarthritis, wdg).

Kaolin, carbon na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ndị ọzọ adsorb na-eme insulin n'ime ya, ọ na-adị mfe mmiri, alkalis, acid na ngwọta mmanya na-adịghị ike, insoluble na 96% mmanya, acetone na ether.

Emebi homonụ ahụ site n'ọrụ nke ìhè anyanwụ (radieshon UV), na-ebelata ndị ọrụ na ihe ndị na - egbu mmadụ, yana enzymes proteolytic (ọkachasị trypsin) na-ebibi ya ngwa ngwa.Igwe njuputa nke insulin dabere na pH nke ndi ozo - na uzo nke mmeghachi omume acid, insulin nwere ike iguzogide esi mmiri n’otu elekere, nkwụsi ike n’ime alkaline sol di obere.

Mmepụta insulin

Mostzọ kachasị agbasa iji mepụta insulin anụmanụ site na pancreas nke ezì na ehi bụ ndị a (ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe nke usoro ndị bụ isi):

1. Isi mmịpụta nke pancreas ekewara ekewa na mmanya na-egbu acid.
2. Mwepu nke mmanya na-aba n'anya n'okpuru agụụ, na-emebi ma na-agbagha na mmanya 80%, nke insulin insude na-eji mmanya na-aba n'anya ma ọ bụ nke ether.
3. Solgbaze insulin insude na mmiri distilled na nsacha ya na-esote na iji usoro ndị a: mmiri si na mmiri ọgwụ nnu, sọks insulin na pịlị acid, ọdịda nke insulin na ebe dị iche site na ihe nwere pH = 5.0, adsorption na kaolin ma ọ bụ carbon na-arụ ọrụ.

A pụrụ ịkwadebe insulin nnu abụọ (ọtụtụ oge chloride) na ntọala insulin.

Insulin bụ ọgwụ a na-eme ka ọ dị ntakịrị belata shuga. , nwere ikike ịhazi metabolism nke metabolism, na-eme ka glucose na-eme ka anụ ahụ dịkwuo elu ma na-akwalite ntụgharị ya n'ime glycogen, na-emekwa ka itinye glucose na sel.
Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta hypoglycemic (iwetulata shuga dị ala), insulin nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta ndị ọzọ: ọ na-eme ka ụlọ ahịa glycogen nwee uru ahụ, na-akpali njikọ peptide, belata oriri protein, wdg.

Nleta insulin tinyere mkpali ma obu mgbochi (mgbochi) nke enzymes ụfọdụ , glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase na-akpali, lipase na-eme ka abụba nke adipose anụ ahụ, lipoprotein lipase, belata obubata ọbara mgbe nri bara ụba nke abụba, na-egbochi.
Ogo nke biosynthesis na secretion (zoro ezo) nke insulin na-adabere n’onodu glucose n’ime ọbara.
Site na mmụba nke ihe ndị dị na ya, mmiri nzuzo nke insulin site na pancreas na-abawanye, na Kama nke ahụ, mbelata nke mkpokọta glucose na ọbara na-eme ka mmiri ọgwụ insulin kwụsịlata.

Na mmejuputa nsonaazụ insulin, ọ bụ onye isi na-arụ ọrụ ya site na mmekọrịta ya na otu onye nnabata nke dị na isi ihe dị na sel ahụ, na nguzobe nke insulin receptor complex.
Nnabata insulin na insulin na-abanye n’ime sel , ebe ọ na - emetụta ụda phospholation nke cellular protein, a na - aghọtaghị mmeghachi omume intracellular nke ọma.
Insulin bu isi ọgwụgwọ a kapịrị ọnụ maka ọrịa shuga mellitus, ebe ọ na-ebelata hyperglycemia (mmụba nke glucose ọbara) na glycosuria (ọnụnọ shuga na mmamịrị), na-emezigharị ntụpọ nke imeju na akwara, na-ebelata mmepụta glucose, na-ebelata ọnya shuga (ọnụnọ nke abụba n'ọbara) , na - eme ka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa dịkwuo mma .

A na - enweta insulin maka iji ogwu gwo oria ehi . E nwere usoro kemịkalụ nke insulin, mana ọ nweghị ike ịnweta.
Developedzọ usoro biotechnology mepụtara na nso nso a iji mepụta insulin mmadụ. Insulin nke enwetara site na inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-agbanwe agbanwe na usoro amino acid nke insulin na-eme mmadụ.
N'ọnọdụ ebe enwetara insulin site na ọrịa ụmụ anụmanụ, adịghị ọcha dị iche iche (proinsulin, glucagon, onwe-statin, protein, polypeptides, wdg) nwere ike ịdị na nkwadebe ahụ n'ihi adịghị ọcha zuru oke.
Preparationsme insulin n'ụzọ dị ọcha nwere ike ibute mmeghachi omume ọjọọ dị iche iche.

Zọ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eme ka o kwe omume ịnweta ọcha (monopic - chromatographically ọcha na mwepụta nke "elu" nke insulin), na-asachapụ nke ukwuu (monocomponent) na nkwadebe insulin.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị insulin nke mmadụ na-eme ihe.
N'ime usoro insulin nke sitere na anụmanụ, a na-ahọrọ insulin nwetara site na pancreas ezì.

A na-ekpebi ọrụ insulin na-egbu (site n'ikike wedata glucose ọbara na oke bekee) na otu n'ime ụzọ physicochemical (electrophoresis na akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ chromatography na akwụkwọ). Maka otu ihe (IU), ma ọ bụ otu mba ụwa (IE), buru ọrụ nke 0.04082 mg nke insulin crystalline.

Ihe kachasị egosi maka iji insulin eme ihe bụ ụdị m ọrịa shuga mellitus (nke insulin na-adabere), mana n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-enye ya iwu maka ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus nke II (na-abụghị insulin).

Na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa shuga jiri insulin kwadebe ụdị dura nke dị iche iche .
Insulin na-adị mkpụmkpụ ọ dịkwa n'ụfọdụ usoro ọrịa ndị ọzọ na - akpata ọrịa hypoglycemic steeti (iwetulata shuga ọbara n'ụdị ụfọdụ) nke schizophrenia, dị ka ihe anabolic (na - eme ka protein) na - arụ ọrụ na -ewe oke ume, nri na-edozi ahụ, ajị anụ ahụ (otutu ọnya anụ ahụ), thyrotoxicosis (ọrịa thyroid) glands), na ọrịa nke afọ (atony / ọnwụ nke ụda /, gastroptosis / prolapse of the afo /), ịba ọcha n'anya (mbufụt nke anụ ahụ akwara), ụdị mbụ nke imeju imeju, yana akụrụngwa "polarizing" ngwọta na-eji na-emeso nnukwu akwara insufficiency (mismatch n'etiti gbasara obi oxygen ina na ya nnyefe).

Nhọrọ insulin maka ịgwọ ọrịa shuga na-adabere n'ịdị ukwuu na njirimara nke ọrịa ahụ, ọnọdụ onye ọrịa ahụ, yana ọnụego mmalite na oge mmetụta hypoglycemic nke ọgwụ.
Oge izizi nke insulin na ịtinye ọgwụ wee mee nke a ga-emerịrị n'ụlọ ọgwụ (ụlọ ọgwụ).

Nkwadebe insulin na-adị obere - ndị a bụ azịza ezubere maka nchịkwa subcutaneous ma ọ bụ nchịkwa intramuscular.
Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a na-enyekwa ha intravenia.
Ha nwere mmetụta nbelata shuga dị ngwa ma dị mkpụmkpụ.
A na-enyekarị ha obere obere ala ma ọ bụ intramuscularly tupu nkeji iri site n'otu ruo ọtụtụ oge n'ụbọchị.
Nsonaazụ mgbe ịgba nchara subcutaneous pụtara na nkeji 15-20, rute oke mgbe awa 2 gachara, oge ngụkọta oge a na-eme ihe karịrị awa 6.
A na-ejikarị ha n'ụlọ ọgwụ iji guzobe insulin dị mkpa maka onye ọrịa, yana n'ọnọdụ ebe ọ dị mkpa iji nweta mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na insulin na-arụ ahụ - na-arịa ọrịa shuga na precom (mmeju zuru oke ma ọ bụ nke akụkụ n'ihi mmụba dị elu na shuga dị n'ọbara) .
Na mgbakwunye, a na - eji insulin eme ihe dị mkpụmkpụ ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ anabolic ma depụtara ya, dịka iwu, na obere usoro (4-8 nkeji 1-2 ugboro n'ụbọchị).

Nkwadebe insulin nke nọ ogologo oge dị n'ụdị usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nwere ọnụọgụ dị iche iche nke nsonata shuga (semylong, ogologo, ultralong).
Maka ọgwụ dị iche iche, nsonaazụ ya na-adịru awa 10 ruo 36.
N'ihi ọgwụ ndị a, ị nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ injections kwa ụbọchị.
A na-arụpụta ha n'ụdị mgbochi. (nkwusioru nke ọgwụ siri ike nke ọgwụ ahụ na mmiri mmiri), a na-ahụ naanị subcutaneously ma ọ bụ intramuscularly, a naghị anabata nchịkwa intravenous. Na ọnọdụ akpịrị na-arịa ọrịa shuga na ọnọdụ preccatous, ọgwụ anaghị adị ogologo oge.

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ nkwadebe insulin, ọ dị mkpa ijide n'aka na oge nke ịbelata shuga kachasị ruru oge ị na-ewe.
Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a ga-enwe ike ị 2ụ ọgwụ 2 maka ogologo oge na otu sirinji.
Fọdụ ndị ọrịa chọrọ ọ bụghị naanị ogologo oge, kamakwa ịme ka usoro glucose ọbara dị ngwa.Ha kwesiri ịkọwa nkwadebe insulin na-eme ogologo oge ma dị mkpụmkpụ.
Ọtụtụ mgbe a na-enye ọgwụ ogologo oge tupu nri ụtụtụ agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, enwere ike ịme ogwu ya n’oge ndị ọzọ.

A na-eme nkwadebe insulin niile dabere na ntinye nke nri.
Ekwesịrị ịkọwa nkọwa nke ike ike dere (site na 1700 ruo 3000 khal) site na oke ahụ onye ọrịa n'oge oge ọgwụgwọ, site na ụdị mmemme. Yabụ, ebelatalata nri na-arụ ọrụ ike, na-arụ ọrụ ike, ọnụọgụ calories chọrọ kwa ụbọchị maka onye ọrịa dịkarịa ala 3000, na-eri nri na-eri oke nri yana ibi ndụ enweghị enyemaka, ọ gaghị agafe 2000.

Mmeghe nke usoro oke oke, yana enweghị nri carbohydrates na nri, nwere ike ibute ọnọdụ hypoglycemic. (wedata shuga di ala) tinyere agụụ nke agụụ, adịghị ike, ọsụsọ, ịma jijiji nke anụ ahụ, isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, anụ ahụ, oke iwe (enweghị obi abụọ) ma ọ bụ iwe iwe.
Mgbe nke a gasịrị, hypoglycemic coma nwere ike ịmalite (enweghị mmụọ, nke a na-eji enweghị mmeghachi ahụ nke anụ ahụ n'ihi mkpali dị n'ọbara n'ihi oke ọbara shuga) na nsụhọ mmụọ, ihe ọdịdọ, yana mbelata nke ukwuu na ọrụ obi.
Iji gbochie steeti hypoglycemic, ndị ọrịa kwesịrị ị drinkụ tii dị ụtọ ma ọ bụ rie mkpụrụ osisi ole na ole.

Na hypoglycemic (ejikọtara na mbelata ọbara shuga) coma A na-agbanye 40% glucose ngwọta n'ime akwara dị na 10-40 ml, mgbe ụfọdụ ruo 100 ml, mana ọ dịghị.
Imezi hypoglycemia (iwetulata shuga dị ala) n'ụdị nnukwu enwere ike ime ya site na iji intramuscular ma ọ bụ subcutaneous management nke glucagon.

Site na nchịkwa insulin nke subcutaneous, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmalite lipodystrophy (mbelata olu nke adipose anụ ahụ n'ụdị subcutaneous) na ntụtụ.

Nkwadebe insulin dị ọcha n'oge a ka ọ dị ụkọ na-akpata ihe nfụkasị ọ bụla, agbanyeghị, a naghị ewepụ ndị dị otú ahụ. Mmepe nke oke nfụkasị mmeghachi omume na-achọ desensitizing ozugbo (igbochi ma ọ bụ igbochi mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị) ọgwụgwọ na dochie ọgwụ.

Ihe mgbochi iji ojiji insulin bụ ọrịa na-eme na hypoglycemia, nnukwu ịba ọcha n'anya, cirrhosis, hemolytic jaundice (edo edo na akpụkpọ ahụ mucous nke nku anya na-akpata site na ndakpọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọbara), pancreatitis (mbufụt nke pancreas), nephritis (mbufụt nke akụrụ) Ọria akụrụ jikọtara ya na protein / amyloid metabolism), urolithiasis, afọ na ọnya afọ, decompensated ntụpọ obi (nkụda obi n'ihi nkụda obi. ọrịa nke ya valves).

Achọrọ oke nlezianya na ọgwụgwọ nke ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa mellitus, na-arịa ụkọ nri (ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpa obi oxygen na nnyefe ya) na mmebi ụbụrụ | mgbasa ọbara.
Ọ dị mkpa ịkpachara anya mgbe ị na-eji insulin na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa thyroid, ọrịa Addison (arụ ọrụ adrenal ezughi oke), na ọdịda akụrụ.

Ekwesịrị ilebara ọgwụ insulin dị ime anya.
N'ime oge izizi nke ịtụrụ ime, mkpa insulin na-agbadata ntakịrị wee rute n'oge nke abụọ na nke atọ.
Alfa-adrenergic blockers na beta-adrenostimulants, tetracyclines, salicylates na-abawanye secretion nke endogenous (excretion nke ahụ hiwere) insulin.
Thiazide diupetik (diuretics), beta-igbochi, mmanya nwere ike ibute hypoglycemia.

Mmekorita ya na
ogwu ozo
site na:

A na - eme ka mmetụta hypoglycemic nke insulin dịkwuo elu onu hypoglycemic ọgwụ ọjọọ, Mao inhibitors, Ace inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, nhọrọ beta-blockers, bromocriptine, octreotide, sulfonamides, anabolic Steroid, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, pyridoxine, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, lithium, ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ethanol .

Mmetụta hypoglycemic nke insulin na-ebelata ogwu ura, ogwu corticosteroids, homonụ thyroid, thiazide diuretics, heparin, tricyclic antidepressants, sympathomimetics, danazole, clonidine, mgbochi ndị na-egbochi calcium, diazoxide, morphine, phenytoin, nicotine.

N'okpuru mmetụta nke reserpine na salicylates, ma ike na-agwụ ike ma na-abawanye na ọrụ ọgwụ a ga-ekwe omume.
Ọgwụ nwere thiol ma ọ bụ sulfite, mgbe etinye ya na insulin, na-akpata mbibi ya.

N'oge afọ ime, ụdị insulin, usoro ya na usoro nchịkwa ya bụ nke ndị dibia nọ na-ekpebi.
Ọ bụrụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ ahọpụtara adabaghị adaba, ọ dị mkpa ka ịgakwuru dọkịta ọzọ wee họrọ, n'ikpeazụ, usoro ọgwụgwọ kachasị adaba ma dị irè.

Ọrịa : ike ọgwụgwụ, ike ọgwụgwụ, agụụ, profuse salivation, pallor, mkpịsị aka mkpịsị aka, shoor, palpitations, ụmụ akwụkwọ kpughere, anya isi, isi ọwụwa, mkpọtụ ugboro ugboro, na-ata ata, mbelata nke mmụọ, mmegbu ma ọ bụ mkparị, omume unmotivated, tonic ma ọ bụ clonic na, n'ikpeazụ, Coma.

Ekwesịrị ịmalite ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa hypoglycemic ozugbo.
N'ọnọdụ dị nro, o zuru iji inye tii dị ụtọ, ihe ọ fruitụ fruitụ mkpụrụ osisi, mmanụ a honeyụ.
Site na mwepu zuru oke (coma) ozugbo itinye usoro glucose dị ukwuu (10-20 ml nke 20-40% glucose).
Ọ bụrụ na enweghi ike itinye ntụtụ nke glucose, a na-atụ aro ka intramuscularly nye 0.001-0.002 g nke glucagon ma ọ bụ 0,5 ml nke 0.1% nke adrenaline hydrochloride n'okpuru anụ ahụ.
Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na na ntinye nke adrenaline, nsonaazụ nwere ike ime - palpitations, ịma jijiji, ọbara mgbali elu, nchekasị, wdg.

A na-enweta insuline Syringe na iko vials hermetically seal with roba stoppers with break-aluminom.
Na karama 10 ml, na igbe 5 pcs ma ọ bụ na penfill (katriji) 1.5 na 3 ml maka ogwe eji ogwu .

Nkwadebe insulin (ma vials na katridges) ndị a na-ejighị, ekwesịrị idobe ya na 2-8 Celsius C n’ebe gbara ọchịchịrị , i.e. na friji (ọkacha mma na ala adịghị adị), na friza.
N'oge okpomọkụ a, ha na-ejigide ihe ọmụmụ ha na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu ruo mgbe nchekwa shelf gosiri na ngwugwu ahụ. A gaghị enyocha insulin mgbe ị na-efe n'ụgbọelu iji zere ihe ize ndụ nke kefriza.
Oke nchekwa nchekwa dị elu na-eduga n'ịbelata nwayọ n'ọrụ ọrụ ọgwụ. Ìhè anwụ na-emetụtakwa n'ụzọ dị njọ, na-eme ka mfu nke ihe omume bio 100 site na narị ugboro.
Insulin na-amịpụta mmiri nwere ike ịmali ma bụrụ urukpuru . Granules na flakes na-etolite insulin nke insulin. Nchikota nke okpomoku na nkpagbu ogologo oge na - eme ka usoro a di ike.

A na-echekwa karama insulin nke onye ọrịa nwere ike ịchekwa ya n'ime ụlọ ụlọ anaghị elu 25 Celsius C, n'ebe gbara ọchịchịrị ruo izu isii. A na-ebelata oge a ka izu anọ na-eji Penfill cartridges, ebe ọ bụ na a na-eburu mkpịsị mkpịsị mkpịsị n’akpa gị n’akpa n ’ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị nso n’ahụ. A ga-echekwa vials nke insulin na friji maka ọnwa 3 mgbe ojiji nke mbụ.

Enweghị ike iji insulin jụrụ oyi mgbe ọ afterachachara ya. Nke a bụ eziokwu kachasị mkpa maka nkwụsị. N'oge nsị, kristal ma ọ bụ ururu na-agbakọta ma ghara ịgbari mgbe ịchachara, nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume ịnweta nkwenye ọzọ.Ya mere, nsogbu nke iwebata ọgwụ ezughi oke na-abawanye nnukwu.

Ekwesiri ile anya ka insulin mebie emebi mgbe emechara. Agaghị enwe ike iji ụdị insulin na-eme ihe mgbe ị na-agbapụta mmiri, ma ọ bụ na-apụta ma ọ bụ na-egosi irighiri ihe.
Nkwụsị nke insulin, nke mgbe agwakọtịtaghị ụdị nkwụghachi ọcha nwere ma ọ bụ nwee eriri, eriri, na-agbanwe agba, adịghị mma maka ojiji.

1 ml nke ihe ngwọta ma ọ bụ nkwusioru na-enwekarị nkeji 40.
Dabere na isi mmalite mmepụta, a na - ekepụta insulin site na akwara anụ ma kee ya site na iji usoro inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Dika ogo asacha, nhazi insulin sitere na akwara anụmanụ na - ekewa n’ime monopic (MP) na monocomponent (MK).
Ugbu a enwetara site na pancreas ezì, edepụtara ha na leta C (SMP - anụ ezi anụ ezi, SMK - anụ ezi anụ ezi), anụ ehi - leta G (anụ ehi: GMP - anụ ehi anụ, GMK - anụ anụ anụ).
Akwụkwọ ozi C na-egosi nkwadebe insulin nke mmadụ.

Dabere na oge omume, a na - ekewa insulins:
- nkwadebe insulin na-eme obere ihe : mbido nke ime ihe dị ka nkeji iri na ise ruo iri abụọ na ise, arụpụta ihe dị elu karịa awa 1 / 2-2, ngụkọta oge nke ime ihe awa 4-6,
- nhazi insulin na-eme ogologo oge ị drugsụ ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere oge oge eji arụ ọrụ (mmalite mgbe elekere 1 / 2-2 gasịrị, elu mgbe awa 3-12 gachara, awa 8-12 awa), ọgwụ were ogologo oge (mmalite mgbe elekere 4-8 gachara, elu mgbe awa 8-18 gachara, ngụkọta oge 20-30 awa).

Ọrịa shuga mellitus bụ nnukwu ọrịa na-ekweghị ala ala. Nje nke mmadu bu aru nke endocrine system nke n’emeputa insulin hormone di nkpa. Insulin na-eme mgbanwe nke glucose, nke dị mkpa maka ụbụrụ na ahụ niile na-arụ ọrụ. Na ọrịa shuga mellitus, pancreas enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ ọfụma. Ya mere, onye ọrịa ahụ chọrọ ị regularụ ọgwụ ike oge niile. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ọgwụ zuru ezu. Ma ụdị shuga na-adabere na shuga chọrọ ntụtụ insulin.

Ọgwụgwọ

A nwere ike iji naanị nri ịgwọ ọrịa shuga dị mfe. Ma n'ọtụtụ oge onye ọrịa ahụ chọrọ ị .ụ ọgwụ. Formdị ọrịa shuga kachasị njọ - ụdị ọrịa na-adabere na ọrịa insulin - na-apụta n'ihe dị ka 10-15% nke ọrịa. Ma otu ụdị nwere ike ịtụgharị gaa na nke ọzọ.

Ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga na-adabere na ọrịa shuga n'ọtụtụ oge chọrọ insulin insulin nke artificial mee ogologo oge. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ bụ bovine na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ insulin anụ ezi, nke nwere adịghị ọcha dị iche iche. Nke a na-amata insulin nke onye ọrịa na homonụ nke mmadụ na-emepụta.

Nsonaazụ

Mgbe ị na - eji insulin inje iji kwalite ọnọdụ ndị ọrịa mamịrị, dịka ọ dị n'ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla, mmetụta ndị ọzọ na - akpata insulin nwere ike ime. Offọdụ n’ime ha anaghị akpata ezigbo nchegbu, mana ụfọdụ ihe ngosipụta dị oke njọ.

Nke a apụtaghị na onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ịjụ ọgwụ ịgba insulin. Ihe ojoo nye ndu ya. Ọ dị mkpa naanị ịhọrọ ọgwụ ziri ezi ka o dabara onye ọrịa a kapịrị ọnụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ịgbanye insulin dị ọcha na-ewepụ ọtụtụ mmetụta na-adịghị mma. Ọ bụrụ na nke a anaghị enyere aka, mgbe ahụ onye ọrịa ahụ ga-anara ọgwụgwọ ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ịjụ ọgwụ ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-arịa ụdị insulin na-arịa agaghị ekwe omume.

Mmeghachi omume anụ ahụ

Mgbe ị na-abanye insulin, mmetụta dị iche iche nwere ike ime.

Hypoglycemia bụ mmetụta kachasị emetụta ọgwụgwọ. Nke a bụ ọnọdụ a na-efe efe nke ejiri glucose ọbara dị ala mara n'okpuru nkịtị. Nke a na-a withụbiga ọgwụ ókè.Obi mmadụ na-emekwa ọsọ ọsọ, nchekasị na ụjọ na-ebilite, a na-ahụ akpụkpọ anụ ahụ. Dizzness, ịkụ afọ ojuju, ọsụsọ gabigara ókè na ịma jijiji ga-ekwe omume. Enwere mmụba nke agụụ, nke kwesịrị iju ya iji belata ọnọdụ onye ọrịa (ọ ka mma iji carbohydrates ngwa ngwa). N'okwu ndị kachasị sie ike, ọdụdụ ọdịdọ, coma na ọnwụ ga-ekwe omume.

Mmetụta ọzọ na-esokarị bụ nfụkasị insulin. Ọ na-abụkarị ihe metụtara mmeghachi omume na ọgwụ adịghị. A na - ejikarị ya na atrophy anụ ahụ na ntụtụ.

Ọrịa Somoji bụ posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia. Mgbanwe na ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara na-akpata nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma maka ndị ọrịa mamịrị.

Lipodystrophy bụ ọrịa na - arụ ọrụ nke anụ ahụ dị n'okpuru ala, ebe ọ na - egosipụta onwe ya na mwepu ya ma ọ bụ na - abawanye ụba. Ọ na-atụ aro ka ịgbanwe saịtị ntụtụ karịa oge.

Insulin edema - na - emekarị na mmalite ọgwụgwọ, mana emesiafechaa. Achọghị ọgwụgwọ.

Kedu ihe kpatara eji nwee ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa shuga ịchọ enyemaka site na ntuziaka maka ojiji nke insulin. Ma otu iwu nchekwa nke ọgwụ a nwere ike isi metụta ahụike nke onye ọrịa.

Insulin bu ogwu eji ewepu oria mamiri, ihe ya bu mmiri n’agha n’ari. Ntụziaka maka ị ofụ ọgwụ a bụ nkpa mmachi mgbe ị na-ede akwụkwọ ọgwụ a. Ekwesịrị ka dọkịta gị nye gị ọgwụ Latin.

Ọgwụ Farmacology

Insulin, nke di na sisitemu obara mmadu, bu homonụ nke neme ka metabolism nke usoro carbohydrate di na aru mmadu, belata shuga obara ma nyere aka inweta glucose. N'ihi ezughi oke homonụ ahụ site na pancreas, ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ, onye ahụ na-emebiga ihe ókè na-amalite ịchọrọ ya site na mpụga.

Emere ihe a dika ihe eji eme aru aru site na oria nke ehi, ezì na ekele nke ihe omumu ihe banyere ndu.

Ihe ngosi maka ojiji

N'ụzọ bụ isi, a na-eji insulin eme ihe dị ka ọgwụ iji gwọọ ọrịa shuga mellitus (ụdị 1) yana n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nke ọrịa endocrine (iji insulin maka ọrịa shuga 2).

A na - eji insulin eme ihe dị mkpụmkpụ iji belata shuga ọbara n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke schizophrenia, mmepe nke furunlera, na ọrịa nke eriri afọ. Ọzọkwa yana ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya na ọkwa mbụ nke imeju imeju.

Na mgbakwunye, a na-enye insulin ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ịre ahụ (iji mee ka ahụ ya dịkwuo elu), maka ndị ọrịa nwere njiri mara nke erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ yana ụkọ nri.

Ojiji insulin bu ihe akparama agwa dika ihe mejuputara osisa nye ogwu eji arusi oria akwara.

Otu esi etinye

Ojiji nke ogwu a gunyere itinye ya n’ime akwara ma ọ bụ n’okpuru anụ ahụ naanị naanị n’ọnọdụ siri ike (ọnụnọ nke ọrịa mamịrị) n’obodo.

Na ọrịa shuga mellitus, a na-enye ọgwụ nwere ike ịbanye insulin n'otu n'otu dabere na nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ, gụnyere ọkwa shuga, homonụ protein n'ime ọbara, n'ihe metụtara ya ọ ga-ekwu okwu naanị banyere ogo a na-anabata. Na ajụjụ ahụ, kedu ụdị shuga insulin na-agbanye, anyị nwere ike ikwu naanị - 12 mmol / liter.

Ọgwụ insulin chọrọ maka ọrịa shuga bụ ná nkezi, nkeji 10 ruo 40 kwa ụbọchị. Site na okike nke ịrịa ọrịa mamịrị, enwere ike ịgbakọ ojiji nke insulin kwa ụbọchị karịa 100 nkeji (subcutaneously) na ọ bụghị ihe karịrị nkeji iri ise na nlekọta nchịkwa ọgwụ.

Maka akara ndị ọzọ, enwere ike ịkọ ọgwụ ahụ na obere usoro - 5-10 nkeji kwa ụbọchị.

Maka iji insulin eme ihe, sirinji eji eme ihe ntụtụ bụ ihe pụrụ iche, yana agịga ejiri rụọ ọrụ, teknụzụ nke gụnyere itinye ntụtụ nke ihe niile dị na ya iji nọgide na-agbaso ọgwụ ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Mgbe edepụtara ihe na nkwanye, ọ na-atụ aro ka ịkwanye ọdịnaya nke karama ahụ tupu ejupụta ya na sirinji.

Maka ọrịa shuga, a na-eji ihe ahụ akọwapụtara akọwapụta na usoro 2-3. A na-eme ntụtụ ahụ nkeji iri atọ tupu mmalite oriri. Otu udiri irighiri ogwu gha amalite ime ihe mgbe oge 60 jiri oge oge ruru 4-8 awa. In insulin ewebata n’ime akwara na-amalite ọrụ ya mgbe nkeji iri atọ gachara, ebe ọ na -ebelata shuga ka ọ bụrụ otu mgbe ma ọ bụ abụọ gachara.

Dị Mwepụta

A na-ewepụta ọgwụ ahụ n’ụdị edozi, nkwusioru, na vials, n’ụfọdụ katridges (katridges, katridges na sistemụ zubere maka iji ha na sirinji).

Karịsịa, usoro ntụtụ ahụ dị na karama akpụkpọ ogwu igba ogwu na ego nke 5 na 10 ml, ọrụ nke, dị ka iwu, nwere site na nkeji 20 ruo 100 na 1 ml nke mmiri mmiri.

Ọgwụ a bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha nwere sọlfọ nwere ihe ruru 3.1%.

Ngwọta maka injection bụ mmiri ọcha na-acha ọcha nwere pH site na 2 ruo 3.5. Iji mee ihe edozi, a na-agbaze ntụ ntụ n'ime mmiri pụrụ iche maka ịgba ntụtụ, yana mgbakwunye nke HCI acid, glycerin na ihe ngwọta nke phenol ma ọ bụ tricresol maka ichebe.

Enwere ike ịzụta nkwụchi nke ikpughe ogologo oge n'ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ nwere karama nke 5 na 10 ml. A na-emechi akụkụ ọ bụla dị otú ahụ na mkpuchi na-acha uhie uhie nke okpu sitere na aluminom.

Ihe ngbanwe

Jiri insulin kpachara anya na ọnọdụ:

• Ndị ọrịa shuga na-amata ụkọ akwara ozi ezughi oke ma ọ bụ mgbasa ụbụrụ.
• Ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa thyroid
• Ọrịa nke sisitemu mkpụrụ ndụ,
• Na-arụ ọrụ akụrụ.

Mgbe etinyere ya n’okpuru akpukpo aru, ihe nlegha anya nwere ike iputa n’onu nke lipodystrophy ya na ngosiputa nke atrophy n’anu ahu, n’ebe ahuru oria.

Ebe ọ bụ na akpachapụ insulin ọhụụ asachapụrụ nke ọma, ha anaghị ebute nfụkasị, mana ụdị okwu ndị ahụ nwere ike ime.

Aha nkwadebe insulin na-eme obere ihe, ntuziaka maka ojiji

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a marawo ọgwụgwọ dị mma maka ọrịa shuga 1. A amụbeghị ọrịa shuga 2dị nke abụọ, ọgwụ maka ya adịghị ike. Ya bụ, ụdị shuga 2, nke a na-akpọ na-abụghị insulin, dị ize ndụ yana nsogbu ndị siri ike nke ọdịdị ala.

N'ụbọchị ndị a, emepụtara ọtụtụ ọgwụ maka nchịkwa ọnụ na ntụtụ. Maka ọnọdụ dị iche iche, echepụtara ụdị insulins dị iche iche - obere oge, ultra-short ma na-arụ ọrụ.

Industrylọ ọrụ ahụike na-emepụta mita glucose ọbara n'ụlọ maka ndị ọrịa nwere ọria mamịrị, ka ha wee nwee ike ịmata elu nke glucose ọbara n’oge ma mee onwe ha ọgwụ.

Emeela ihe niile ka ndị ọrịa nwee ike ibi ndụ zuru oke.

Insdị insulin

E kewara insulin n'ime ìgwè dabere na oge ekpughepụ ahụ onye ọrịa. Enwere ụdị ọgwụ 5 - insulin na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpụmkpụ, mkpụmkpụ, nke etiti, ogologo oge (ịgbatị) na agwakọta.

Oge ọrụ ha n’anụ ahụ na - agbanwe site na 1 awa ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ.

Ọgwụ ultrashort na-amalite ime ihe mgbe oge ole na ole gasịrị na nsonaazụ ya na-adị site na 1 ruo awa 3, insulin gbatịpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ ka otu elekere ma na-aga n'ihu belata glucose ruo awa 24.

Preparationsme insulin dị iche na ọnọdụ ndị eji eme ha.

Ọ bụrụ na insulin ogologo oge na-enyere onye ọrịa aka ịnọgide na-enwe glucose nkịtị n'ụbọchị, mgbe ahụ, a na-akpọkwa insulin na-adịghị adị obere oge - insulin nri - ọ na-eme ahụ n'ahụ n'oge nri ma na-egbochi ntụgharị nke carbohydrates nwetara n'oge nri n'ime glucose. Ejiri insulin Ultrashort mee ihe maka ọnọdụ nke ima elu glucose na mberede, mgbe achọrọ ya belata ngwa ngwa.

Nkwadebe insulin dị mkpụmkpụ

Ọ bụghị ihe niile dị n'ime obere arụmọrụ nwere ike dochie ibe ha. Ha nwere njiri mara nke ha na mejuputa ya na ntinye ya na odi nma nke onye obia. Isi ihe bụ na ụdị ọgwụ ọ bụla na-ebu oke ọsọ na-amalite ịrụ ọrụ ihe dị ka nkeji iri atọ mgbe a gbasịrị ya.

Ha na-ebelata oke glucose. Ọ na - arụ ọrụ site na awa 3 ruo 8. Mgbe etinyere n'ime ahụ, ego ndị a bụ site na catecholamines, STH na ụfọdụ homonụ ndị ọzọ. Mana, ọbụlagodi mgbe ọgwụ kwụsịrị n'ọbara, ọ na-aga n’ihu na mkpụrụ ndụ ya.

Enyere aha ọgwụ na nkọwa ha nyere n'okpuru.

Ọgwụ a, dịka ntuziaka ahụ si dị, bụ analog nke hormone ahụ na-emepụta ahụ mmadụ. N'ime ọrụ, ọ bụ ndị kachasị ọsọ na nke ndị dị mkpụmkpụ. N'ịkọwa ụfọdụ, ọgwụ ahụ nwere otu nke ultrashort insulins. Ọgwụ na-amalite ibelata ego glucose nkeji iri na ise mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị, mana nsonaazụ ya na-agafe ka awa 3 gachara.

Edere ọgwụ ahụ n'ọnọdụ ndị a:

• Ọrịa shuga 2dị 2
• Enweghi ike imezi insulin homonụ nke umu ihe ndi ozo.
• Mmụba glucose mgbe erichara,
• Ọgụ mgbochi ma ọ bụ anabataghị ọgwụ ndị na - abụghị insulin na - belata glucose,
• Elldị shuga abụọ nke ọrịa mellitus nwere nsogbu na-emetụtawanye njọ n'oge ịwa ahụ yana ọnụnọ nke ọnya ọnya.

Ọ bụ dọkịta ga-agbakọta ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọgwụ a kọwara akọwapụtara. Were ọgwụ a n'ụzọ nke injections subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly. Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ ahụ abanye naanị ya, onye ọrịa ahụ na-eji ụzọ nchịkwa okpuru ala. Edere ọgwụ a maka nchịkwa tupu nri, nke a dịkwa iche na insulins adịghị adị obere.

Actrapid NM

Insulin a nwere ngwa ngwa na-ebelata glucose ọkara otu awa mgbe ịgba ọgwụ ahụ wee ruo ihe ruru awa 8. Nri prefix nke aha ya na-egosi na ọgwụ a bụ homonụ mmadụ nwetara. Edere ọgwụ ahụ:

• Na ụdị ọrịa shuga 2,
• Na mgbochi nke ọgwụ glucose na mbadamba,
• N’oge ịwa ahụ
• N’oge ime ime.

Edere Actrapid maka ọrịa metabolism nke carbohydrates n'ihi enweghị oke homonụ ahụ zuru oke. A na-ahụ maka ya site na ajọma nke mebiri emebi metabolism. Ọzọkwa, egosiri ọgwụ ahụ maka ịnabata ọgwụ ọgwụ sitere na anụmanụ.

Ana aisteredụ ọgwụ ahụ kwa ụbọchị site na ugboro 3 ruo 6 n'ime awa iri abụọ na anọ. Ọ bụrụ n’otu oge ahụ onye ọrịa ahụ na-ewere ụdị ọgwụ hormone ndị ọzọ, nke a ekwesịghị imetụta usoro onunu ogwu. Naanị n'ihe banyere iji ụmụ anụmanụ eji eme ihe, a nwere ike belata ọnụọgụ 10%.

Insuman Rapid

Ogwu ahu dika ihe egosiputara ya na ime ya yiri nke mbu. Ọ bụ insulin na-eme ngwa ngwa. Ogologo oge nke mmetụta nke belata glucose dị ala, n'okpuru mmetụta nke ọgwụ a, ruo awa 7. Ọgwụ dị na vials nke sirinji insulin na na katrized maka mkpịsị mkpụrụ ọgwụ ejiri onwe ya.

A na-enye ọgwụ ahụ nkeji iri abụọ tupu nri ebido. Insuman Rapid na-aga nke ọma na insulin toro ogologo, nke nwere protein protein protamine dị obere.

Humulin Regular

Nke a bụ insulin mmadụ, nke otu ndị ICD, nwetara site na inyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Dị ka homonụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ụdị a, a ga - ahụ ya maka mkpịsị sirinji na mkpịsị sirinji. Ekwesịrị ime ka ọnya afọ (mpaghara - 2 cm site na otube), apata ụkwụ ma ọ bụ ogwe aka dị elu. A ga-agbanwegharị ebe a na-agba ya. Rickwụ ụgwọ na-esote ebe injection gara aga ekwesịghị ịdị.

Nsonaazụ ya na nnabata nke hormone ma ọ bụ ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè nwere ike ịbụ:

• Mbelata glucose nke ukwuu
• Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị
• Mbelata siri ike na abụba subcutaneous.

Homorap 40

Nke a bụ ọgwụ dị irè metụtara insulins dị mkpụmkpụ. Ihe omume ya na-amalite nkeji iri atọ mgbe nchịkwa gachara were ihe ruru elekere asatọ.Ihe ọ bụla insulin dị mkpụmkpụ dabere na ebe nlekọta ya, usoro ntụtụ, usoro ọnụọgụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi yana mmeghachi omume nke onye ọrịa.

A na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ngwa ngwa nke steatose na predcomatous steeti onye ọrịa. Ọ na-akụ ọnụ n'oge ịwa ahụ. Ọgwụ dị mma maka ọgwụgwọ nwatakịrị na nwanyị dị ime.

Ọgwụ ndị a na-etinye ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị. Maka ọgwụ mgbochi, a na-eji nfuli insulin eme ihe. Nwekwara ike ịgba ntụtụ site na iji insulin eme ogologo oge tinye sirinji. Ekwesiri icheta na na nchikota a, ebu ụzọ tinye mkpirikpi homonụ na sirinji, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-eto ogologo.

Njirimara nke insulin ngwa ngwa

Maka usoro insulin na-eme ihe dị mkpirikpi, iwu ndị a maka nchekwa na nnyefe ha dị mma:

• A ga-emechi vials nke ọgwụ. Ọ kachasị mma idobe ha n'ọnụ ụzọ friji ka ha wee dị mma ma ọ naghị ajụ oyi.
• N'ime ụlọ dị n ’ọnọdụ okpomọkụ karịa ogo 30, homonụ ahụ dị mma maka iji ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa. Mgbe o nwere okpomoku dị elu, enweghị ike ịchekwa ya.
• Nwere ike iburu ngwongwo gị na ọgwụ ahụ na obere akpa gị, akpa ịchọ mma, akpa.
• Obere insulin, na ndi ozo, anabataghi onwu. Okpomoku di elu bukwara ya aru. Edobela ya ọgwụ ị na-edebe n'ụgbọala anwụ anwụ na anwụ.

Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a na-egosi na ọgwụ anaghị adabara maka ojiji:

• Ihe ngwọta dị na ampoule bụ urukpuru
• Thebọchị emebiela edere na nkwakọ ngwaahịa agabigalarị,
• Ogwu akpọnwụwo akpọnwụwo, ma etere ya ajị,
• A na-ahụ njin ma ọ bụ flakes na afụ,
• Emeghere karama ahụ wee nọrọ n’ọnọdụ a karịa ọnwa 1.

Ahụ insulin na-ewuli elu

N’ịzụ ahụ, a na-eji ọgwụ na-adịghị adị oge eme ihe kama iji ọgwụ anabolic steroid. Mmetụta ya bụ na a na-ebugharị glucose na akwara, ya mere uto ha dị ukwuu na-apụta.

Ọ bụ dọkịta nke egwuregwu ka ahọpụtara ubara maka bodybuilders n’otu n’otu. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ịdoụbiga ọgwụ ike ókè na arụ ọrụ na-ezughị ezu na-eduga n'ịba oke ibu, ebe ọ bụ na glucose na-abanye ọ bụghị naanị uru ahụ, kama ọ na-abanyekwa na abụba dị n'okpuru ala.

Insulin - dose, ihe, ntuziaka

Insulin - dose, ihe, ntuziaka

Insulin bu ogwu nke puru n’onwunye homonu. Ihe kachasị eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe bụ ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus 1. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-eji ya maka ụdị ọrịa shuga 2.

Insulin bu ogwu nke puru n’onwunye homonu.

Nsonaazụ

Mgbe a na-eji ọgwụ subcutaneously, ọgwụ lipodystrophy nwere ike ịmalite. Ọzọkwa, ọgwụ nwere ike ibute allergies.

Ebuli insulin dị elu n'ihi ịdoụbiga ya ókè nwere ike ibute ụkọ hypoglycemic. Ihe mgbaàmà: ịba ụba nke salivation, ịsụsọ, adịghị ike, mkpụmkpụ ume, nkụchi, ahụ ike, adịkarịghị - coma, cramps, delirium, ọnwụ nke mmụọ.

Gịnị bụ insulin?

Insulin bụ nkwadebe protein-peptide nke mmalite nke homonụ. A na - eji insulin eme ihe dị ka ngwaọrụ akọwapụtara na-arịa ọrịa shuga.

Insulin bu homonụ nke na - arụ ọrụ na metabolism ma na - enyere aka belata oke glucose na plasma ọbara nke onye ọrịa. Isbelata carbohydrates n'ime ọbara na-enweta site na ịba ụba oriri nke sugars site na anụ ahụ na-adabere na insulin. Insulin na-enye aka na njikọ nke glycogen site na mkpụrụ ndụ imeju na-egbochi ntụgharị abụba na amino acids ka ọ bụrụ carbohydrates.

Ebe enweghi insulin n’arụ n’ahụ mmadụ, a na-achọpụta mmụba nke shuga dị n’ọbara. Mmụba na glucose ọbara na-akpalite mmepe nke ọrịa shuga mellitus na nsogbu ndị metụtara ya. Enweghị insulin n'ime ahụ na-eme n'ihi nsogbu nke pancreas, nke na-apụta n'ihi ọrụ nke sistemu endocrine, mgbe mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nwee nnukwu akọnuche dị n'ahụ ahụ metụtara ihe na-akpata ọnọdụ nrụgide.

A na - eme insulin nke sitere na anụ ahụ.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, imepụta ọgwụ na-eji anụ ahụ pancreas nke ehi na ezì.

Iwu nchekwa

Ọnọdụ nchekwa insulin bụ mkpa ọ dị ịgbaso iwu pụrụ iche nke ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa mamịrị na ndị ezinụlọ ha anaghị eso na nchefu ha. Edemede a ga-echetara ndị na-agụ ya ọzọ banyere ọnọdụ nke enwere ike ibuga insulin na otu esi edobe ya nke ọma n'ụlọ.

Ya mere, otu esi echekwa insulin? Ntuziaka maka ihe dị n’ime ya.

Ebe ọ bụ na insulin bụ homonụ nke protin dị n’ime ya, mmadụ nwere ike inye ọmụmaatụ mfe nke mmetụta mgbanwe okpomọkụ n’usoro ya. O zuru ezu icheta ihe a eggsụ n’ọkụ eghere eghe, ebe oke okpomoku zuru oke na-eme ka protein protin ahụ gbue ngwa ngwa. Obere okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa protein na-agbanwe ma na-agbanwe ya.

Dị Mkpa! Ekwesiri ịchekwa insulin na-enweghị mmetụta nke ala na oke okpomọkụ. Kacha mma na ụlọ okpomọkụ.

A na-echekwa ihe ahụ n'ime karama, ọ bụghị na friji, mana na okpomọkụ nke na-erughị ogo 25.

Etu esi echekwa insulin n'ụlọ, ebe na nke ọ nwere ike ịka njọ? Mgbe ị na-edobe ya:

• Na windowsill - ke ndaeyo n'ihi oke okpomọkụ na ụzarị ọkụ anyanwụ, n'oge oyi, ka ekpughere oyi,
• Mgbe echekwara n’ime oche n’elu ebe a na-ere mmanụ ma ọ bụ nke eletrik.
• N’ebea ka eji akpo oku.

Enwere m ike idowe insulin na friji? Ọ na - eme na oge ọkọchị, ikuku ikuku na - ebili oke, ya mere, a na - atụ aro idobe ọgwụ ahụ na friji. A naghị atụ aro ịchekwa insulin anakọtara na sirinji.

Dị Mkpa! Ọ bụrụ na insulin ajị anụ, ị gaghị echezọ kpoo ya mgbe ị nọchara friji, ọ ka mma karịa n'ọbụ aka.

A na-atụ aro karama hormone na-emeghe maka iji rụọ ọrụ n'ime otu ọnwa. Ebe ọ bụ na mgbe oge a gasịrị ọgwụ kpamkpam na arụ ọrụ ya kpamkpam. Ndụ nchekwa nke ihe ahụ akọwara abụghị afọ, dị ka a na-eche mgbe ụfọdụ, kama ọ bụ ihe dị ka afọ atọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ emebiela, mgbe ahụ ịpụpụ vial ya na ọgwụ kwesịrị ozugbo.

Followinggbaso iwu nke ntuziaka maka ị usingụ ọgwụ na ndụmọdụ nke dibịa na-aga, ị nwere ike ịtụkwasị obi ịkwụsị ụdị ọrịa a dị egwu dịka ọrịa shuga na ịlaghachi na ndụ zuru oke na ndụ na-enweghị ọrịa.

Ofzọ eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe

Ọtụtụ mgbe, nlekọta ọgwụ nke nwere insulin na-arụ ọrụ intramuscularly ma ọ bụ subcutaneously. Site na mmepe nke coma, a na-ahụ ọgwụ insulin site na ntụtụ dị n'ime.

Achọrọ insulin chọrọ ka a na-agwọ ọrịa shuga site na ọgwụgwọ insulin n’otu n’otu.

Ogologo insulin chọrọ maka ọgwụgwọ insulin nke ọrịa shuga mellitus nwere ike ịdị site na nkeji 10 ruo 40.

Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa shuga na-apụta, enwere ike inye ọgwụ ọgwụ ruru otu narị n ’ọgwụ n’okpuru anụ ahụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ coma kwa ụbọchị. Ma mgbe ị na-eji usoro nchịkwa intravenous, ọ bụghị karịa 50 nkeji. N’aka ndị ọzọ, ọgwụ a na-agbago sitere na nkeji isii ruo iri.

Maka inje, a na-eji sirinji pụrụ iche, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume ịbanye n’otu ọgwụ ahụ dum na-enweghị nsị, nke na-egbochi njehie usoro onunu ogwu.

Insbọchị insulin kwa ụbọchị na-abanye n’ime ahụ dịka ndụmọdụ ndị a tụrụ na dabere n’ụdị ọgwụ eji eme ihe. A na-eme usoro inje dị ka atụmatụ nke endocrinologist mepụtara.

Mmetụta ọgwụ ahụ na-amalite mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị, dabere n'ụdị ya:

• ultrashort na-amalite mgbe nkeji iri na ise gasịrị,
• ọgwụ ogologo oge na-amalite ịrụ ọrụ mgbe awa 1-2 gachara

A na-eji karama ube mee ihe iji chekwaa insulin. Chekwaa ọgwụ a ebe dị mma ebe nchekwa anyanwụ.

Vidio dị n’isiokwu a na-agwa gị mgbe achọrọ insulin.