Imeju bụ gland kachasị n'ime ahụ mmadụ; na okenye, oke ya ruru 1.5 n'arọ. Imeju di nso diaphragm ma di na hypochondrium ziri ezi. Site na ala ala, akwara Portal na akwara hepatic na-abanye umeji, yana akwara hepatic na lymphatic na-apụ. Ọkpụkpụ dị n'akụkụ imeju (Fig 11.15). Mkpụrụ ndụ ịba ọcha n'anya - hepatocytes - na - ewetakarị bile mgbe niile (ihe ruru 1 liter kwa ụbọchị). Ọ na-agbakọ na mmanụ a na-a andụ ara ma na-etinye uche n'ihi mmiri. Ihe dị ka 600 ml nke bile na-abụ otu ụbọchị. N'oge ị na-eri nri ndị nwere abụba, a na-ezobe ọnya mmiri n'ime duodenum. Bile nwere acid bile, pigmenti nke bile, mineral, mucus, cholesterol.

Bile na-arụ ọtụtụ ọrụ dị iche iche. Na ya, a na-ewepụ ngwaahịa nke metabolic, dị ka pigmenti. bilirubin - Agba nke ikpeazụ nke nkwụsị nke haemoglobin, yana nsị na ọgwụ. Bile acid dị mkpa maka emulsification na nnabata nke abụba na nri.

Mgbe chyme nwere abụba batara na duodenum, mkpụrụ ndụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ mucous na-egbochi homonụ. cholecystokininnke na-akpali mbelata

Fig. 11.15.Imeju:

a - elu diaphragmatic b - eriri afọ na ducts n'ime - hepatic lobule

eriri afọ. Mgbe nkeji 15-90 gachara, bile niile na-ahapụ eriri afọ yana tinye obere eriri afọ. Otu mmetụta a na-enwe na ndagwurugwu ahụ nwere mgbakasị akwara nke nwanyị.

Akụkụ nke bile na-abanye eriri afọ na-akwalite mmebi, emulsification na ịmịkọrọ abụba. Ọzọ nke bile na-etinye obi gị dum na ụlọ ahụ n'ime n'ọbara, na-abanyekwa na veinal portal, ma banye n'ime imeju, ebe a na-etinye ya ọzọ na bile. A na-eme okirikiri a ugboro 6-10 kwa ụbọchị. Akụkụ bile akụkụ ahụ na-apụ apụ site n'ahụ ahụ. Ọzọkwa, na eriri afọ buru ibu, ha na-achịkwa ịdị n'otu nke feces.

A na - achịkọta arịa niile na - esi na eriri afọ na - erute site na eriri afọ Portal vein nke imeju. Mgbe ọ banyere n’imeju, ọ ga-emecha daba n’ime obere ihe, nke dị mma maka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe anakpo mkpụkọ imeju. N'etiti etiti lobale dina Central akwarana-eburu ọbara gaa akwara ịba ọcha n'anyana-abanye usuu vena cava. Ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya na-eweta oxygen na imeju. A na -eme Bile n'ime imeju, na-asọ okpu ahihiana-aga ịba ọcha n'anya. Hapụrụ ya okuku cystic togbuo mkpụkpu. Mgbe ngwakọta nke hepatic na vesicular ducts, ha na-etolite ọsọ bile, nke na-emeghe n'ime duodenum (Fig 11.16). Na nso hepatocytes bụ mkpụrụ ndụ nke na-arụ ọrụ phagocytic. Ha na-enweta ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na ọbara ahụ ma na-etinye aka na mbibi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie. Otu ọrụ dị na imeju bụ mgbochi nke phenol, indole na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu nke na-abanye n'ọbara na obere eriri afọ. Na mgbakwunye, imeju na-etinye aka na metabolism nke protein, abụba, carbohydrates, homonụ na vitamin. Imeju na - emetụta nsị dị ukwuu na ogologo oge, gụnyere mmanya. N'okwu a, mmebi nke ọrụ ya bụ isi.

Imeju ka abatasịrị izu nke anọ dị ka etolite imeju dịka eriri afọ nke eriri afọ. A na - akpụ ụdọ mmiri site na sel na - amụba ngwa ngwa, njikwa ọbara na - eto n'etiti ha. Na mbido mmepe, eriri afọ nke imeju na-emebi emebi nke ukwuu, ọ nweghịkwa ọdụ lobular. Usoro dị iche iche nke akwara dị na ọkara nke abụọ nke mmepe intrauterine na mgbe amuchara nwa. N'ime oge ime ime, imeju na-eto ngwa ngwa, ya mere o buru nnukwu ibu. N'ihi njirimara mmepe nke akwara ọbara nke imeju, ọbara placental niile na-agafere ya, na-enye ihe ndị na-emepe emepe oxygen na nri. Vinal Portal na-anata ọbara site na ibụpụta nyocha CT na imeju. N'ime oge mmepe a, imeju na-arụ ọrụ nke ebe ebusa ọbara. Ruo mgbe amuchara ya

Fig. 11.16.Pancreas, duodenum

hematopoiesis na-aputa n'ime imeju, n'oge a mụpụtara ya, ọrụ a na-ada.

N'izu nke iri nke mmepe ime, glycogen na-aputa n'ime imeju, ihe o na-abawanye ka nwa ebu n’afọ na-eto. Ozugbo amuputara ya, ihe glycogen di n’ime imeju bu okpukpu abuo ya n’etiti okenye. Nmepụta glycogen dị otú ahụ na-eme ka nwa ebu n’afọ merie ọnọdụ ndị na-akpata nchekasị metụtara ọmụmụ na ntụgharị ikuku. Bọchị ole na ole mgbe amuchara nwa, ogo nke glycogen na imeju na-agbadata n'ogo okenye.

N’ime nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ, imeju dị n’afọ ime ime (Fig 11.17). Ọ dị nso karịa nke okenye. Site na afọ ndụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikwu ya na-ebelata, oke mgbasa ya na-abawanye. Oke nke imeju nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ bụ 120-150 g, na njedebe nke afọ nke abụọ nke ndụ ya okpukpu abụọ, ka ọ dị afọ iteghete - site na ugboro isii, site na mmalite oge uto - site na 10. Site na imeju imeju kachasị ukwuu na ụmụ mmadụ na afọ 20-30.

N’ihe umuaka, inye obara n’enwe ya bu odi ya na okenye, ebe ihe di iche bu na nwatakiri nwere ike inwe akwara ndi ozo.

Ihe otite n’ime nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ na nwa ọhụrụ. Guzoro nke bile emeputala na nwa ebu n’adiri onwa ato. Ugboro anọ na -eme ihe ọmụmụ dị n'ime nwa ọhụrụ n'ime otu kilogram 1 n’arọ karịa ahụ okenye. Ego nke bile abughi ihe di nta ma bawanye

Fig. 11,17. Ọnọdụ nke akụkụ ahụ nke nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ na afọ. Na bile na ụmụaka, n'adịghị ka ndị okenye, ịta ahụhụ nke bile acid, kọlesterol na nnu nwere obere, mana imi na anụrị. Obere ntakịrị nke bile acid na-akpata mgbaze abụba na-esighi ike na nri pụrụ iche ha na-enwe ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ nri ha na-eri, karịchaa, site na iji nri mejupụtara ya site na mmiri ara ehi. Na mgbakwunye, na bile nke ụmụaka nke afọ mbụ nke ndụ, enwere ihe ndị nwere ihe ndị na-egbu nje.

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 14-15 maka ụmụ agbọghọ yana afọ 15-16 maka ụmụ nwoke, emesịa etolite na imeju. N'oge na-adịghị anya, tupu afọ 12-14, mmepe nke sistemụ na-achịkwa ihe omume biliary excretion agwụla.

Pancreas - Nnukwu gland nke ngwakọta nzuzo. Ọ dị n'azụ afọ ma nwee ọdịdị ya (lee fig. 11.17). Na gland, isi, olu na ọdụ dị iche. A na-agbanye mkpokọta mmepụta sitere na ngalaba izu nzuzo ahụ na-agbanye n'ime ogologo mmiri, nke jikọtara ọnụ isi ihe pancreas. Mmeghe ya ga-emepe n’elu paodenal papilla. Akara ahu na-ezo ezo ihe ọ .ụụ pancreatic (ihe ruru 2 lita kwa ụbọchị), nke nwere enzymes zuru ezu nke na-emebi protein, abụba na carbohydrates nke nri. Ihe mejupụtara enzymatic nke ihe ọ juiceụ mayụ ahụ nwere ike ịdị iche ma dabere na ụdị nri.

Peptidases - enzymes na-akụda protein - na-ezoro ezo n'ụdị arụ ọrụ. Ha na-eme ka eriri afọ na-arụ ọrụ. itinye ikikenke bụ akụkụ nke ihe ọ juiceụ intestụ eriri afọ. N'okpuru nduzi nke enzyme adịghị arụ ọrụ trypsinogen na-agbanwe trypsin, Chymotrypsinogen - n'ime kemistri. Ihe ọ juiceụụ Pancreatic nwekwara amylase na ribonuclease nke na-etisasị carbohydrates na acid nucleic, n'otu n'otu, na lipaserụọ ọrụ site na bile ma gbarie abụba.

A na-eme iwu nke mwepụta nke mmiri ọreatụ pancụ na-etinye aka na ntinye aka na sistem nhụjuanya. Ihe na-akpali akpali nke na - agabiga na akwara ikpu na n’akwara na - eme ka mwepụta obere ihe ọ juiceụ richụ bara ụba na enzymes.

N'ime homonụ na-arụ ọrụ na pancreas, ndị kachasị rụọ ọrụ bụ secretin na cholecystokinin. Ha na-akpali ntọhapụ nke enzymes, yana mmiri, bicarbonate na ion ndị ọzọ (calcium, magnesium, zinc, sulfates, phosphates). Site na homonụ na-egbochi nzuzo - somatostatiomas na glucagopes, nke etolite na gland n'onwe ya.

Mgbe enweghi nri, mmiri zoro ezo nke mmiri ọgwụ a na-egbu egbu bụ nke akpachapụghị anya ma mejupụta 10-15% nke ogo kachasị. N'ime usoro mgbanwe ahụ, na nri na isi nke ihe oriri, yana ịta ma na-elo ihe, njiri elu na-ebilite ruo 25%. Nkesa nke ihe ọ juiceụ pancụ nke pancreatic bụ n'ihi nfegharị nke akwara ahụ. Mgbe nri batara n’afọ, a na-amụba iodine na-abawanye site na ọrụ nke ma ọgịrịga akwara na gastrin. N’ime eriri afọ nke sochirinụ, mgbe chyme batara n’odide duodenum, ọgbụgba na-erute oke. Acid, nke na-abia site na nri nri site na afọ, na-egbochi bicarbonate (HCO3), nke pancreas na muodsa duodenal na-ezoro ezo. N'ihi nke a, pH nke ọdịnaya nke eriri afọ na-agbago n'ọkwa nke enzymes pancreatic na-arụ ọrụ (6.0-8.9).

Anụ ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ nzuzo nke ime, na-ahapụ ịbawanye homonụ n'ime ọbara insulin na glucagon.

N'ime oge ẹmbrayo, akwara na-apụta n’izu nke atọ n'ụdị nke imeju akụkụ mpaghara eriri afọ nke dị n'akụkụ afọ (lee fig 11.2). Emechaa, ibe edokọbara ahụ jikọrọ ọnụ, na nke ọ bụla n'ime endo- na exocrine ọcha mepụtara. N'ọnwa nke atọ nke mmepe afọ, trinsinogen na lipase enzymes bidoro ịchọpụta n’ime sel ndị gland, amylase na-amalite imepụta mgbe amuchara nwa. Agwaetiti Endocrine pụtara na gland n'oge karịa exocrine, n'ime izu nke asaa nke asatọ glucagon pụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ, yana na insulin nke iri na abụọ n’ime sel. A kọwara mmepe nke ihe ndị dị na endocrine site na mkpa nwa ebu n’uka etolite usoro nke aka ya maka ịhazi metabolism nke metabolism, ebe n’oge a, isi mmalite nke ike bụ glucose site n’ahụ nne nne site na Plasenta.

N'ime nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ, ịdị arọ nke gland bụ 2-4 g; na ngwụsị afọ mbụ nke ndụ, ọ na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ihi uto nke ihe ndị dị na exocrine ma rute 10-12 g. Nke a bụkwa ọrụ maka mmụba ngwa ngwa na nzuzo. N'ime ọnwa ndị mbụ nke ndụ, mgbe hydrochloric acid akabeghị na afọ, a na-ebu nri ma na-enyocha ya.

Ọrụ nke enzymes nke na-akụda protein n’ime ọnwa ndị mbụ nke ndụ nwatakịrị nọ n ’ọkwa dị elu, ọ na-aga n’ihu na-abawanye ma ruo ihe ruru afọ anọ na isii. N'ụbọchị nke atọ nke ndụ nwatakịrị, a na-egosipụta ọrụ chymotrypsin na trypsin na mmiri ara ehi, ọrụ lipase ka esighi ike. N’izu nke atọ, arụ ọrụ nke enzymes ndị a na-abawanye. Ọrụ nke amylase na lipase nke ihe ọ pancụ pancụ pancreatic na-abawanye na njedebe nke afọ mbụ nke ndụ, nke a na-esonye na ngbanwe nke nwatakịrị ahụ iri nri agwakọta. Nri bekee na-abawanye ma olu nzuzo ya na ọrụ enzymes. Amylolytic na lipolytic na-arụ ọrụ ruru ogo kachasị elu site na afọ isii ruo itoolu nke ndụ nwatakịrị. Mmụba na-abawanye na nzuzo nke enzymes ndị a na-apụta n'ihi mmụba na ụba nke zoro ezo na oge ịta.

Nwa ebu n'afọ enweghị ọrụ mmekorita oge nke eriri afọ. Ihe ndakpọ nke ime obodo na-eme na mgbakasị iwe nke akpụkpọ ahụ mucous, ebe ihe dị na eriri afọ na-aga na ụkwụ.

56. Ọrụ dị na imeju na akwara.

Mgbuji nke imeju na bile

Imeju dị na akụkụ elu nke apịtị, na-ewere hypochondrium dum aka nri ma na-agafe n'akụkụ aka ekpe. N’elu ala nke aka nri imeju ya bu odo. afụ. Mgbe cystic na bile dupọ jikọrọ ọnụ, otu ihe na - eme ihe otu ọzọ, nke ga-emepe n'ime duodenum 12. Imeju na-arụ ọtụtụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ahụ:

sonyere na protein protein. Ọ na - eme ka 100% plasma albumin, 70-90% alfa-globulins, na 50% beta-globulins. New amino acid na-etolite na imeju.

Soro mezie metabolism. A na-emepụta protein plasma lipoproteins, cholesterol.

sonye na metabolism metabolism. Imeju bụ ihe nchekwa glycogen.

sonye na coagulation ọbara. N’aka nke ọzọ, ọtụtụ ihe coagulation na - agwakọta ebe a, n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, anticoagulants (siparin) bụ ndị mejupụtara.

na-ekere òkè na azịza mgbochi ọrịa.

Imeju bụ ebe nchekwa ọbara.

na-ekere òkè na metabolism nke beryrubin. Erythrocytes na-emebi emebi, haemoglobin na-agbanwe beryrubin na-apụtaghị ìhè, hypothocytes na-ejide ya, ma na-aga n'ime beryrubin kpọmkwem. N'ime ihe mejupụtara bile, a na-ezo ha n'ime eriri afọ ma na njedebe nke stercobillinogen feces - na-enye agba nke feces.

A na -emezi ụdị vit nke nọ n'ọrụ n’imeju. A, D, K na imeju….

57. Usoro maka ịchịkwa ngwu.

Iwu nke eriri afọ

Vagus irighiri (nke parasympathetic nke NS) na-akpali gland gastric, na-abawanye olu nke nzuzo. Arụ ọrụ nwere mmetụta dị iche na ya. Ihe na-akpali akpali na-egbochi ọgbụgba gastric bụ homonụ - gastrin, nke etolite n’ime afọ n’onwe ya.

Stimulants gụnyere ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe metụtara ihe ndị metụtara ihe ndị metụtara nri - histamine, nke etolitekwara n’ime afọ. A na-emekwa ka mmiri ọgwụ mgbu si na ngwaahịa nke nri digestion nke banyeworo n'ọbara. Mpaghara nzuzo nke eriri afọ (eriri afọ) na-egbochi ihe nzuzo, dịka nzuzo, neurotensin, somatostatin, enterogastron, serotin.

Usoro nke iche Ihe ọiceụ isụ kewara ụzọ atọ: - reflex mgbagwoju anya, - gastric, - eriri afọ.

E guzobere ya na nri a na-anabata n'ọnụ ma pharynx na-emekwa ka ọnya na-aba n'anya. Nke a bụkwa azịza enweghị ọnọdụ. Ref. aak a na-etinye okwu na-anabata ọnụnụ, nerma nkọ. eriri nke na-aga medulla oblongata, eriri parasympathetic etiti, eriri akwara akwara, sel nke eriri afọ.

Agbanyeghị, Pavlov hụrụ na nnwale ndị e mere iji nweta nri n’echere na ihe nzuzo dị n’afọ nwere ike ịgba ume site n’ọdịdị, isi nri, na ihe ụlọ. Agba edo a. A na-akpọ ihe ọiceụ appụ na-egbu egbu. Ọ na-akwadebe afọ maka nri.

Oge abụọ. Ọnya afọ.

A na-esonye n'oge a na iwebata nri n'ime afọ. Kurtsin gosipụtara na iwebata balloon rọba n'ime afọ, mmụba na-esochi ọnya ọgbụgba. ihe ọ juiceụ afterụ mgbe 5 nkeji Nrụgide nke akpụkpọ ahụ mucous na-akpasu ndị na-ahụ maka ala mgbidi ya. Ihe nrịba ama a na-abanye na akwara dị n'ahụ, yana site na ebe a site na eriri nke akwara ahụ rue gast gastric. Iwe ọkụ mechanoreceptor na-ebelata agụụ. zoro ezo n'oge a dịkwa n'ihi mkpali anụ ahụ. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndị emepụtara n’ime afọ n’onwe ya, yana ihe ndị dị na nri. Karịsịa, nri homonụ na-egbu egbu - gastrin, histamine, nri nri nri.

Usoro 3. N'ime oge ọgbụgba n'ime.

Ikewa ihe ọ juiceụụ na-aga n'ihu mgbe nri rutere obere eriri afọ. N’ime obere eriri afọ, a na-abanye n’ime mmiri n’ime ọbara ma na-emetụta ọrụ nzuzo nke afọ. Ọ bụrụ na nri nri dị na afọ maka awa 2-3, mgbe ahụ ihe nzuzo nke afọ ga-ewe awa 5-6.

Ọrụ moto nke afọ.

Akwara ahụ dị nwayọ nke mgbidi afọ bụ akpaaka ma na - enye f-ju nke afọ. N'ihi ya, a na-agwakọta nri, galọn ka edozichara. ihe ọ juiceụ andụ ma banye na 12 duodenal ọnya afọ. Hormones na-akpali ọrụ moto - gastrin, histamine, acetylcholine. Inhibit - adrenaline, norepinephrine, enterogastron.

Nri dị na afọ maka awa 5-10, abụba ruru awa iriOge nri ga-adabere n'ụdị nri.

Mmiri na-abanye n’ime obere eriri afọ ozugbo ha abanye n’afọ. Nri bidoro banye n’ime eriri afọ ya kemgbe ọ ghọrọ mmiri mmiri. N'ụdị a, a na-akpọ ya chyme. Acuchụpụ na duodenum 12 na-apụta na akụkụ dị iche iche, ekele maka sphincter nke ngalaba pyloric nke afọ. Mgbe ọtụtụ ihe oriri acidic ruru na pylorus, akwara sphincter na-ezu ike, nri ahụ na-abanye duodenum 12, ebe onye na-ajụ ya bụ alkaline. Mgbanwe nri ga - adịgide ruo mgbe r-i nkebi nke mbụ nke duodenum 12 ghọrọ acidic. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ogwe ndị dị na sphincter na-enwe nkwekọrịta na nri na-akwụsị ịkwaga afọ ruo mgbe gburugburu p-th bụ alkaline.

Ọrụ nke obere eriri afọ.

N'ihi mbelata ihe ndị dị na akwara dị na mgbidi nke eriri afọ, a na-eme mmegharị ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Nke a na - eme ka agwakọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nri, yana mmegharị ha na eriri afọ.

Ugha afọ bụ pendulum na peristaltic. Kish. A na-eji mọzụlụ arụ ọrụ mọzụlụ ahụ, ọ na-achịkwa ịdị ọcha na ume nke ihe ndọpụ uche. Nkewa parasympathetic ahụ na - akwalite peristalsis, yana ọmịiko - inhibits.

Ihe na-akpasu iwe dị iche iche na-akwalite peristalsis gụnyere: gastrin, histomine, prostaglandins, bile, bekee anụ, akwụkwọ nri.

Atụmatụ anatomical nke imeju na pancreas

Gini bu pusi na imeju?

Anụ a na-ahụ maka anụ ahụ bụ akụkụ nke abụọ kasịnụ nke usoro nri. Ọ dị n’azụ afọ, nwee ọdịdị ya. Dị ka gland exocrine, ọ na-ezo ihe ọ pancụ pancụ na-egbu egbu nke nwere enzymes na-agbari carbohydrates, protein na abụba. Dị ka endocrine gland, homonụ insulin, glucagon na ndị ọzọ zoro ezo. 99% nke gland nwere akwa dị obosara - nke a bụ mpaghara exocrine nke gland. Akụkụ endocrine nwere naanị 1% nke anụ ahụ, dị na ọdụ nke gland n'ụdị agwaetiti nke Langerhans.

Imeju bụ akụkụ ahụ mmadụ kachasị ukwuu. Emi odude ke hypochondrium ke nnasia, enyene ndutịm. N’okpuru imeju bụ eriri afọ, nke na-echekwa bile na-emepụta n’imeju. Akpata akpukpo ahu bu ọnu-uzọ nke imeju. Site na ha, akwara Portal na-abanye na imeju, na-ebu ọbara site na eriri afọ, afọ na ọnya, akwara hepatic na-azụ umeji onwe ya, irighiri akwara. Gbọ mmiri Lymphatic na akwara azụ ịba ọcha n'anya na-apụ apụ. Nkuchi nke di na muru irighiri ahihia na-abanye n’azu. Ihe butere dule na -adakarị, ya na ụbọ akwara na -emeghe n'ime duodenum.

Ọria na akwara - glands, gịnị na nzuzo ya?

Dabere na ebe gland na-ezobe nzuzo ya, a na-amata gland nke mpụga, nke dị na ya na nke dị iche iche.

Ọkpụkpụ endocrine na-emepụta homonụ nke na-abanye kpọmkwem n'ọbara. Ọrịa ndị a gụnyere: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, gland adrenal,
Ọkpụkpụ nke endocrine na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche a na-echebara n'elu anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ n'ime oghere ọ bụla nke anụ ahụ wee pụta. Ndị a bụ ọsụsọ, sebaceous, lacrimal, salivary, mammary glands.
Ọkpụkpụ nke ọgbụgbaze agwakọtara na - emepụta ma homonụ na ihe ndị dị n'ahụ ya. Ha gụnyere pancreas, glands.

Dabere na ntanetị, imeju bụ gland nke nzuzo mpụga, Otú ọ dị, na akwụkwọ sayensị, ajụjụ a: "Imeju bụ gland, gịnị bụ nzuzo?", Na-enye azịza doro anya - "agwakọta", n'ihi na a na-agwakọta ọtụtụ homonụ na akụkụ a.

Ọrụ dị ndụ nke imeju na pancreas

A na-akpọ akụkụ ahụ abụọ nke geses diges. Ọrụ nke imeju na pancreas na mgbaze bụ mgbaze nke abụba. Nri, n’emeghi ihe di na umeji, o ghapu ndi carbohydrates na protein. Mana ọrụ nke imeju na pancreas dịgasị iche iche, ụfọdụ n'ime ha anaghị emetụta nri na nri.

Imeju na-arụ ọrụ:

Obi ara Ọ na - eme ka ụfọdụ homonụ na - eto uto insulin na - eto uto, thrombopoietin, angiotensin na ndị ọzọ.
Ikwenye. Ihe ruru 0.6 l ọbara ka a na-echekwa na imeju.
Hematopoietic. Imeju n'oge mmepe intrauterine bụ akụkụ nke hematopoiesis.
Ihe ngosi. Ọ na -eme ka ihe oriri gharazie ịdị, ma na - akwadebe abụba maka mgbaze - emulsates ha, ma nwee mmetụta nje.
Ihe mgbochi. Ihe dị iche iche na-egbu egbu na-abanye ahụ mmadụ mgbe niile: ọgwụ, ụrọ, ọgwụ na-egbu egbu, na-emepụta microflora metabolism nke ngwaahịa metabolism na eriri afọ. Ọbara nke gbapụtara na eriri afọ yana ihe nwere nsí na-adịghị abanye n'obi, wee ga-agbasakwa ahụ niile, kama ọ na-abanyekwa n'ọbara akwara. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọbara mmadụ na-agafe n'ahụ a kwa nkeji.

N'ime imeju, njikọ aka nke ihe ndị si mba ọzọ na ihe na - egbu egbu nke batara na ya pụtara. Ihe egwu nke ihe ndị dị otu a bụ na ha na-emeghachi omume na protein na lipids sel, na-akpaghasị usoro ha. N'ihi ya, protein na lipids ndị dị otú a, yabụ mkpụrụ ndụ, yana anụ ahụ na akụkụ ha, anaghị arụ ọrụ ha.

Usoro nke mgbochi na - abanye abụọ:

Ntughari nke mmiri na - adighi ike mmiri.
Njikọ nke ihe ndị a na-soluble nwere glucuronic ma ọ bụ sọlfọm acid, glutathione na nguzobe nke ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu nke sitere na ahụ.

Nrụ ọrụ metabolic nke imeju

Ihe dị n'ime ahụ na - etinye aka na metabolism nke protein, abụba na carbohydrates.

Carbohydrate metabolism. Na-enye glucose ọbara na-agbanwe agbanwe. Mgbe nri gachara, mgbe nnukwu glucose batara n’ọbara, a na-ekepụta ya n’usoro nke glycogen n’ime imeju na akwara. N'ime oge nri, anụ ahụ na-enweta glucose n'ihi hydrolysis nke glycogen.
Metabolism protein. A na-eziga amino acid nke batara n’ahụ n’ime eriri afọ bụ site n’inwe ụzọ mgbapụta na imeju. N'ebe a, a na-edozi protein coagulation system (prothrombin, fibrinogen), na plasma ọbara (albumin, α- na β-globulins) sitere na amino acid. N'ebe a, amino acid na-abanye na mmebi ọmụmụ na transamination dị mkpa maka mgbanwe nke amino acid, njikọ nke glucose na anụ ketone sitere na amino acid. A na-egbochi ihe ndị na-egbu egbu nke protein metabolism, ọkachasị amonia, nke na-agbanye urea, na-adọ adọ.
Abụba metabolism. Mgbe ha risịrị nri, abụba na phospholipids na-agwakọ n'imeju site na abụba abụba na-abịa site na eriri afọ, akụkụ nke abụba abụba na-etolite etolite ahụ ketone na ntọhapụ nke ike. N’agbata nri, abụba bara ụba na-abanye akwara site na anụ ahụ adipose, ebe ha na-enweta id-oxidation site na ntọhapụ nke ike. N’ime imeju, a na-eme nchịkọta cho nke cholesterol niile dị n’ahụ. Naanị ¼ nke nri na-abịa.

Ọrụ Pancreatic

Gini bu oria a tụlere ugbu a, chọpụta ihe ọrụ ya ọ na-arụ?

Ihe nri Enzymes Pancreatic na-agbari nri mmiri - nucleic acid, abụba, protein, carbohydrates.
Obi ara A na-eme ka pancreas zoo ọtụtụ homonụ, gụnyere insulin na glucagon.

Gini bu nri ngwu?

Ihe dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ ijeri 40 ruru ijeri. Maka ndu onye obula n’ime ha choro ike. Mkpụrụ ndụ nwụrụ, ihe ọhụrụ chọrọ ihe eji arụ ụlọ. Isi mmalite nke ike na ihe ụlọ bụ nri. Ọ na-abanye n’ime akwara nke diges, kewara (gbarie) n’ime ụmụ irighiri ihe mmadụ na-eme, nke na-abanye n’arụ n’ọbara n’ime eriri afọ ma gbasaa ya n’ahụ niile.

Mgbaze, ya bụ, ndakpọ nke ihe oriri dị mgbagwoju anya - protein, abụba na carbohydrates, n'ime obere ụmụ irighiri (amino acid), acid na glucose dị elu, karị, na-amalite n'okpuru ọrụ nke enzymes. A choputara ha n’ime ihe ndi ozo - osisa, gastric, pancreatic na juice juice.

Carbohydrates na-amalite ịgbaze n'ime oghere onu, a na-amalite ịgbari protein n'ime afọ. Ma ọtụtụ mmeghachi nke mmebi nke carbohydrates, protein, yana mmeghachi nke mmebi nke lipids na-adị na obere eriri afọ n'okpuru mmetụta nke pancreatic na enzymes eriri afọ.

Akụkụ nri ndị a na-achọghị.

Ọrụ nke pancreas na nri diges

Ndi na-edozi, ma ọ bụ polypeptides nri, na-amalite imebisị na afọ n'okpuru ọrụ nke enzyme trypsin ka oligopeptides, nke na-abanye obere eriri afọ. N'ebe a, enzyme ihe ọ juiceụ pancụ pancreatic na-emetụta oligopeptides - elastase, chymotrypsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase A na B. Ihe na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ha bụ nbibi nke oligopeptides na di- na tripeptides.

A na-emezi mgbaze site na enzymes sel, na-emetụta ikike nke mkpụkọ ụdọ di-na tripeptides n'ime amino acid, nke pere mpe ịbanye na akpụkpọ ahụ mucous na eriri afọ wee banye n'ọbara.

Ọrụ nke pancreas na mgbaze nke carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Polysaccharide na-amalite ịgbaze n'ime oghere onu n'okpuru ọrụ nke enzyme α-amylase nke nnu na - ewepụta nnukwu iberibe - dextrins. N'ime obere eriri afọ, dextrins, n'okpuru enzyme nke pancreatic, pancreatic α-amylase, gbarie disaccharides, maltose na isomaltose. Disaccharides ndị a, yana ndị nke butere nri - sucrose na lactose, na-agbadata n’okpuru mmiri ihe ọ juiceụinalụ eriri afọ nye monosaccharides - glucose, fructose na galactose, a na-amakwa ọtụtụ glucose karịa ihe ndị ọzọ. Monosaccharides na-abanye na sel nke eriri afọ, banyezie n'ọbara ọbara ma buru ya n'ahụ.

Ọrụ nke pancreas na imeju na mgbaze nke abụba

Abụba, ma ọ bụ triacylglycerols, na-amalite ka agbaze n'ime okenye ka ọ bụ naanị na eriri afọ (n'ime ụmụaka nọ n'ọnụ ọnụ). Mmebi nke abụba nwere otu njirimara: ha anaghị agbagha na gburugburu aquatic gburugburu nke eriri afọ, ya mere, a na-achịkọta ha na nnukwu ọdịda. Kedụ ka anyị si asa efere nke abụba gbarajị? Anyị na-eji ihe nhicha ahụ. Ha na-asachapụ abụba, ebe ha nwere ihe ndị na - arụ ọrụ n’elu ya, nke na - akụda abụba n’ime obere ọsụsọ, jiri mmiri saa ha ngwa ngwa. Ọrụ nke ihe ndị dị na elu ahụ na eriri afọ bụ nke sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ imeju na-emepụta ya.

Bile emulsifies abụba - na - agbaze nnukwu abụba n'ime ụmụ irighiri akwara nke enwere ike ị nweta enzyme pancreatic, pancreatic lipase. Ya mere, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke imeju na pancreas n'oge mgbaze egbugbere ọnụ, bụ usoro: usoro (emulsification) - nkewa.

N'oge mmebi nke triacylglycerols, a na-emepụta monoacylglycerols na abụba abụba n'efu. Ha na-etolite micelles a gwakọtara ọnụ, nke nwekwara kọlestrọl, vitamin na-abụkarị abụ, na acid. A na-abanye mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime sel eriri afọ ma banyezie n'ọbara.

Ọrụ homonụ nke ụjọ

Na pancreas, etolite ọtụtụ homonụ - insulin na glucagon, nke na-ahụ na enwere glucose n'ọbara, yana lipocaine na ndị ọzọ.

Ọrịa glucose na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche n'ahụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ glucose dị mkpa maka sel ọ bụla, n'ihi na mmeghachi omume nke mgbanwe ya na-eduga n'ọgbọ nke ume, na-enweghị nke ndụ sel agaghị ekwe omume.

Kedụ ihe kpatara ya? Ọkpụkpụ glucose site n'ọbara banye na sel na-abanye na ntinye nke ihe nchebe pụrụ iche nke ụdị dị iche iche. Otu n'ime ụdị a na - ebu glucose site n'ọbara gaa sel nke akwara na adipose. Ihe nchebe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ naanị na ntinye nke homonụ nke pancreas - insulin. A na-akpọ akpụkpọ akwara glucose na-abanye naanị na ikere insulin ka a na-akpọ insulin-based.

Kedu homonụ nke pancreas na-ezobe mgbe erichara ya? Mgbe ị risịrị nri, a na-ezochi insulin, nke na-akpali mmeghachi omume na-eduga n'ịbelata ọkwa glucose ọbara:

ntụgharị nke glucose na carbohydrate nchekwa - glycogen,
ntụgharị glucose na-apụta na mwepụta nke ike - mmeghachi omume glycolysis,
ntụgharị nke glucose na abụba abụba na abụba bụ ihe nchekwa nchekwa.

N'inwe insulin nke ezughi oke, ọrịa shuga mellitus na-apụta, na-esochi ọrịa metabolic nke carbohydrates, abụba na protein.

Kedu homonụ nke pancreas na-ezo n'oge ibu ọnụ? 6 awa mgbe ị risịrị nri, mgbaze na ịmịkọrọ ihe niile na-edozi ahụ na-agwụ. Ọbara glucose na-amalite ịdalata. Oge erugo iji ihe eji eme ihe - glycogen na abụba. Nchịkọta ha bụ ihe mere site na homonụ nke pancreas - glucagon. Mmepụta ya na-amalite site na ịbelata glucose ọbara, ọrụ ya bụ iwelie ọkwa a. Glucagon na-akpali mmeghachi omume:

ntụgharị nke glycogen ka glucose,
ntụgharị nke amino acid, lactic acid na glycerol na glucose,
mmebi abụba.

Ọrụ nkwonkwo nke insulin na glucagon na-eme ka ichebe ọkwa nke glucose na ọbara na ọkwa mgbe niile.

Gịnị bụ ọrịa pancreatitis na otu esi agwọ ya?

Na ọrịa nke imeju na pancreas, mgbaze nke nri nri anaghị arụ ọrụ. Ọrịa a na-ahụkarị bụ ọrịa a na-akpọ pancreatic. Ọrịa ahụ bidoro ma ọ bụrụ ihe mgbochi nke akwara. Enzymes emepụtara na iron ma nwee ike na-agbari protein, abụba na carbohydrates anaghị abanye eriri afọ. Nke a na - eduga n'eziokwu ahụ:

enzymes na-amalite imeze akụkụ ahụ n'onwe ya, ihe mgbu na-egbu mgbu na-eso ya,
nri anaghị agbari, ọ na-eduga n'iwe iwe na oke ibu.

Ha na - a pancụ ọgwụ na - a pancụ ọgwụ ọgwụ na - egbochi mmepụta enzyme. Nri dị mma maka ọrịa pancreatic dị mkpa. Na nmalite ọgwụgwọ, ụbọchị ole na ole, ha ga-ekwenyerịrị ibu ọnụ zuru oke. Isi iwu nke oriri na-edozi ahụ maka pancreatic pancreatitis bụ ịhọrọ nri na usoro nri nke anaghị eme ka emeputa enzymes site na gland. Maka nke a, edere obere nri nke nri ọkụ n'ime obere mpaghara. Ejiri nri carbohydrate buru ụzọ họrọ, n'ụdị ọkara mmiri. Mgbe ahụ, ka ihe mgbu ahụ na-ebelata, a na-agbatịkwu nri ahụ, ewepu nri abụba. A maara na pancreas, dabere na ndụmọdụ niile, ana-eweghachi kpamkpam otu afọ mgbe mmalite ọgwụgwọ.

Ọrụ nke imeju na pancreas n'ime ahụ dị iche iche. Akụkụ akụkụ abụọ a dị ezigbo mkpa na nri, n’ihi na ha na-enye mgbaze nke protein, abụba na carbohydrates na nri.

Ọkpụkpụ na arụ ọrụ nke imeju

N'èzí, ejiri okpu kpuchie imeju. Mpempe akwụkwọ na-adị n'ụdị akpa nwere ogo 40-70 dị na mmetụ nke imeju dị ala nke imeju. Ihe ya jikọtara ya na eriri abụọ nke imeju na-agakọ.

Akụkụ imeju mejupụtara lobules, nke mejupụtara mkpụrụ ndụ imeju - hepatocytes nwere otutu polygonal. Ha na-aga n'ihu na-ewepụta mmiri, na-anakọta na microscopic ducts, na-ejikọ ọnụ. Ọ na-emeghe n'ime duodenum, site na nke bile na-abanye ebe a. N'ehihie, ekenyela 500-1200 ml.

Ihe nzuzo a ka akwara n’ime sel akwara wee banye n’ime eriri afọ (hepatic bile) ma ọ bụ n’ime gallbladder, ebe ọ na-agbakọta (cystic bile). Site ebe ahụ, bile na-abanye eriri afọ ka achọrọ, dabere na ọnụnọ na mejupụtara nke nri ị na-ewere. Ọ bụrụ na mgbaze abịaghị, a na-anakọta bile na eriri afọ. N'ebe a ka etinyere ya n'ihi mmịpụta mmiri sitere na ya, ọ na-aghọ viscous na urukpuru karịa ka ọ na-emetụta imeju.

Bile nwere akụrụngwa nke na - eme ka enzymes (eriri afọ) rụọ ọrụ, na - eme ka abụba ghara ibu ma, yabụ na - eme ka elu nke mmekọrịta nke enzymes (lipases) na abụba, na - eme ka mmebi ha dịkwuo mfe.Bile nwere mmetụta dị njọ na microorganisms, na-egbochi ịmụpụta ha.

Bile nwere: mmiri, bile acids, pigtail bile, cholesterol, abụba, nnu na-adịghị n'ime ya, yana enzymes (ọkachasị phosphatases).

Na mgbakwunye na nsonye nke imeju na mgbaze, metabolism nke carbohydrates, protein, abụba, vitamin, o nwere ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ihe nchebe na ikpochapụ. N'ime imeju na-neutralized:

Nsi a na-egbu egbu (phenol),
ihe ndị na-emebi protein protein,
mmanya
a na-arụ ọrụ urea
a na-agbanwe monosaccharides ka ọ bụrụ glycogen,
monosaccharides sitere na glycogen.

Na mgbakwunye, imeju na-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ. Na bile, ngwaahịa metabolic dị ka uric acid, urea, cholesterol, yana homonụ thyroid - thyroxine ka ewepụrụ.

N’oge ẹmbrayo nke mmepe, imeju na - arụ ọrụ dị ka akụkụ akwara hematopoietic. A maara ya ugbu a na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ protein niile nke plasma na-arụ ọrụ n'ime imeju - albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, na ọtụtụ enzymes.

Na gland a na-enwe mgbanwe nke cholesterol na vitamin, enwere ike ịhụ site na nke a na imeju bụ ụlọ ọrụ "biochemical" nke dị na anụ ahụ na-achọkwa nlezianya na ya. Na mgbakwunye, mkpụrụ ndụ ya na-anabata oke mmanya.

Ọdịdị na arụ ọrụ nke pancreas

A na - echeputa ihe n’azu n’azu ya, maka nke anabatara aha ya, n’abia nke duodenum. Ogologo ya bụ cm 12-15. Ọ mejupụtara isi, ahụ na ọdụ. Ejiri ekpuchi ya na nke kacha dịrị nro ma kpuchie ya. Lobules nwere mkpụrụ ndụ glandular, ebe a na-arụkọta ọtụtụ enzymes diges.

Ọkpụkpụ a nwere ụdị nzuzo abụọ - nke mpụga na nke ime. Ọrụ exocrine nke gland a bụ n'eziokwu na ọ na-emepụta ihe ọ juiceụ pancụ pancreatic nke nwere enzymes digestive dị oke mkpa nke na-abanye duodenum: trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase, maltase, lactase, wdg.

N’ezie, a na-emeju “gland” na enzymes. Yabụ, kwụsịtụrụ inye ha ihe mebiri ihe a yana njiko anụ onwe ya ọtụtụ elekere.

Ihe ọ juiceụụ pancreatic enweghị agba, na-egbukepụ egbukepụ, nwere mmeghachi alkaline. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ọ na-aga n'ime obere ducts, nke na-ejikọ na njikọta nke gland, nke na-abanye n'ime duodenum na-esote ma ọ bụ na-ejikọ ya na otu ihe omimi otu.