Ntụziaka maka ị drugsụ ọgwụ, analogues, nyocha

Emeputara ogwu ahu site na ihe omumu ihe omumu nke ihe omimi nke DNA site na iji aru nke Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ọgwụ ahụ, na-eso ndị na-anabata ya nke mkpụrụ ndụ cytoplasmic nke sel ahụ mejupụtara, na-eme ka insulin nnabata nke na-akpali usoro dị n'ime sel ahụ, gụnyere imepụta ụfọdụ enzymes isi (pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, glycogen synthetase na ndị ọzọ). Mbelata mgbanye nke glucose n'ọbara na-apụta n'ihi mmụba nke mbugharị ya n'ime sel, ịba ụba na ntinye anụ, yana mbelata nke nguzo glucose na umeji. Ọgwụ ahụ na-akpali glycogenogenesis, lipogenesis, protein protein.
Ogologo oge nke ihe ogwu a bu kariri n'ihi nbanye ya, nke dabere na uzo, ebe na uzo ochichi ya na ihe ndi ozo, ya mere, profaịlụ omume nke ogwu a nwere ike di iche iche obughi na ndi oria di iche iche, kamakwa otu mmadu. Na nkezi, na subcutaneous ochichi nke ọgwụ ahụ, a na-ahụ mmalite mmalite ihe mgbe awa 1.5 gachara, a na-enweta nsonaazụ kachasị mgbe elekere anọ ruo elekere iri na abụọ, ogologo oge nke ihe ahụ bụ otu ụbọchị. Mmalite nke mmetụta ahụ na izu oke nke ị ofụ ọgwụ ahụ dabere na oke (olu nke ọgwụ a na-ahụ maka ya), saịtị ntụtụ (apata ụkwụ, afọ, isi), ịta insulin na ọgwụ ahụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. Nnukwu insulin na plasma ọbara ruru ruru ka awa abụọ ruo awa iri na asatọ mgbe nchịkwa subcutaneous gasịrị. O nweghị ihe akpọrọ ihe ga-egbochi protein Plasima edeturu, belụsọ maka ịmịnye ọgwụ mgbochi insulin (ọ bụrụ na ọ dị). A na-ekesa ọgwụ ahụ kpamkpam n’akwara niile, ọ banyeghị n’ime mmiri ara ara yana site na ihe mgbochi placental. Ọ kachasị n'ime akụrụ na umeji, ọgwụ insulinase na-ebibi ọgwụ ahụ, yana ikekwe, protein disulfide isomerase. Metabolites metabolites adịghị arụ ọrụ. Ndụ ọkara nke insulin site n'ọbara ọbara bụ naanị nkeji ole na ole. Iwepu ọkara ndụ site na anụ ahụ na - eme ihe dịka awa 5 - 10. Ọ bụ ya mere akụrụ (30 - 80%).
Onweghi ihe puru iche banyere ogwu ahu nye mmadu ka ekpughere n'oge omumu ihe omumu, nke gunyere ihe omimi nke otutu ihe omumu, ihe banyere uzo ogwu, ihe omumu banyere oria, oria otutu, na ihe ojoo na nka.

1dị shuga shuga atọ, ọrịa mellitus nke abụọ: ịialụ ọgwụ mgbochi hypoglycemic (n'oge ọgwụgwọ), ogbo nke mgbochi hypoglycemic ọgwụ, ọrịa shuga, ụdị shuga mellitus nke 2 n'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime.

Usezọ eji eme ihe na inyocha insulin-isopan genetic engineering na usoro onunu ogwu

A na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe naanị. Ọ bụ dọkịta ga-ekpebi ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ya n'ihe ọ bụla na-adabere n'ịtụkọta glucose n'ọbara, ọ na-abụkarị ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị sitere na 0,5 ruo 1 IU / n'arọ (dabere na ọkwa glucose ọbara na njirimara onye ọrịa ahụ). N'ikwu ya, ọgwụ a na-abanye n'okpuru ya. Ọzọkwa, a nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ ọgwụ subcutaneously na buttock, mgbidi nke akụkụ ihu, yana mpaghara mpaghara akwara dị na ubu. Okpomọkụ dị iche iche nke ọgwụ a na-elekọta kwesịrị ịdị na n ụlọ ahụ.
Etinyekwala gi ogwu.
Ihe a chọrọ na insulin kwa ụbọchị nwere ike dị ala n’arụ ndị ọrịa nwere insulin na -emepụta insulin na-eme nke ọma na ndị ọrịa nwere insulin na-eguzogide (dịka ọmụmaatụ, n’ime ndị ọrịa buru ibu n’oge mgbaka).
Iji gbochie mmepe nke lipodystrophy, ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe ebe ngbanye mpaghara mpaghara anatomical.
Mgbe ị na-eji insulin eme ihe, ọ dị mkpa ịdị na-enyochakarị glucose n'ọbara. Na mgbakwunye na ọgwụ ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè, ihe ndị na-akpata hypoglycemia nwere ike ịbụ: ịwụsị nri, dochie ọgwụ, afọ ọsịsa, ọgbụgbọ, mmụba anụ ahụ, ịgbanwe ebe injection, ọrịa na-ebelata mkpa insulin (ọrụ akwara na / ma ọ bụ ọrụ imeju, pituitary pituitary, adrenal cortex, gland thyroid), mmekorita ya na ogwu ndi ozo.
Oge izu na nchịkwa insulin ma ọ bụ ịsingụ ya n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, karịsịa na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga 1, nwere ike ibute hyperglycemia. Dịka iwu, ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke hyperglycemia na-amalite nwayọọ nwayọọ, n'ime ọtụtụ awa ma ọ bụ ụbọchị. Ha gụnyere mmamịrị dị ukwuu, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, nkụ na akpịrị nke anụ ahụ, agụụ, akpịrị kpọrọ nkụ, isi nke acetone na ikuku nwere ume. Enweghị ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche, hyperglycemia nwere ike iduga mmepe nke ketoacidosis mamịrị, nke bụ ihe na-eyi ndụ egwu.
O kwesiri imeghari onodu insulin maka oria Addison, aru oru thyroid, akwara or na imeju aru, hypopituitarism, oria na onodu ya na aru oria, n’agbata afọ 65. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike ịgbanwe mgbanwe nke ọgwụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ gbanwee nri a na-emebu ma ọ bụ mee ka mmega ahụ sie ike.
Ọgwụ na-ebelata nnabata mmanya.
Tupu njem a, ya na mgbanwe na mpaghara oge, onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ dibịa bekee, ebe ọ bụ na mgbe ịgbanwe mpaghara oge ọ pụtara na onye ọrịa ahụ ga-abanye insulin ma rie nri n'oge ọzọ.
Ọ dị mkpa ime mgbanwe site n'otu ụdị insulin gaa na nke ọzọ n'okpuru njikwa nke glucose n'ọbara.
N'oge ị drugụ ọgwụ (karịsịa maka ebumnuche mbụ, ịgbanwe ụdị insulin na nke ọzọ, nnukwu nchekasị nke uche ma ọ bụ mgbatị anụ ahụ), ikike ịchịkwa usoro dị iche iche, ịkwọ ụgbọ ala na itinye aka n'ihe omume ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ nke chọrọ ọsọ nke moto na mmeghachi omume nke uche nwere ike ibelata. na ntinye anya.

Ime na lactation

Enweghị mgbochi ọ bụla na ojiji nke insulin n'oge ime yana n'oge a na-enye nwa ara, ebe ọ bụ na insulin abanyeghị na Plasenta ma banye na mmiri ara. Hypoglycemia na hyperglycemia, nke nwere ike ịmalite site na usoro ọgwụgwọ ahọpụtaghị nke ọma, na-amụba ohere nke ọnwụ nwa ebu n’ile na ọdịdị nke arụmọrụ nwa ebu n’afọ. Womenmụ nwanyị dị ime nwere ọrịa shuga kwesịrị ịnọ n'okpuru nlekọta ahụike n'oge ha dị ime, ha kwesịrị ilebara ọkwa glucose ọbara ha anya, na ndụmọdụ ndị a na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị na-eme atụmatụ ime. N’ime oge izizi nke ịtụrụ ime, ịmara insulin na-agbadata ma jiri nwayọ na nke abụọ. Mgbe ịmụchara nwa, mkpa ịba insulin na-alaghachi ọsọ ọsọ na ọkwa ahụ a na-ahụ tupu ịtụrụ ime. N'oge a na-afeụ ara, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọrịa shuga nwere ike ịhazigharị usoro nri na / ma ọ bụ usoro onunu ogwu.

Nsonaazụ nke ihe insulin-isopan sistemụ mmadụ

N'ihi mmetụta nke metabolism metabolism: ọnọdụ hypoglycemic (ọsụsọ dị elu, ọsụsọ, ike ọgwụgwụ, anụ ahụ dị nro, ahụ ọhụhụ, ọgbụgbọ, palpitations, agụụ), ike ọgwụgwụ pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ adịghị ike, ịma jijiji, ịma jijiji, isi ọwụwa, nchekasị, oke iwe, paresthesia na ọnụ, ibelata ịta ahụhụ. nlebara anya, disorientation, ura, odighi nke nsụhọ, ihe nhụjuanya, nwa oge ma ọ bụ mgbagha arụ ọrụ ụbụrụ, ọnwụ), gụnyere coma hypoglycemic.
Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ: ọnya ọnya, urticaria, ụkwara Quincke, ụkwara anaphylactic, mmeghachi omume anaphylactic (gụnyere mmerụ ahụ na-eme ka ọ ghara ịba ụba, ịsụsọ na-elu, belata ọbara mgbali, itching, eriri afọ mgbu, angioedema, ume iku ume, nkụchi obi ngwa ngwa, ịkụda / na-akụda).
Ndị ọzọ: njehie na-efe efe oge na-adịghị ala ala (ọ na-abụkarị na mbido ọgwụgwọ), neuropathy na-egbu mgbu (neuropathy akụkụ), ọrịa retinopathy mamịrị, edema.
Mmeghachi omume mpaghara: ọzịza, ọnya afọ, akpụgharị, hyperemia, mgbu, itching, hematoma, lipodystrophy na saịtị ịgba ntụtụ.

Mmekọrịta nke ihe ọmụmụ ahụike insulin-isophan mmadụ na ihe ndị ọzọ

: glucocorticoids, ọgwụ mgbochi, na homonụ thyroid, heparin, thiazide diuretics, tricyclic antidepressants, danazole, clonidine, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blockers, phenytoin, morphine, diazoxide, nicotine.
: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, onu hypoglycemic ọgwụ ọjọọ, angiotensin n'ịtụgharị enzyme inhibitors, nhọrọ beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, octreotide, bromocriptine, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, anabolic Steroid, clofibrate, mebendazole, ketoconazole, pyridoxine, cyclophosphamide, theophylline, ọgwụ ọjọọ lithium fenfluramine.
N'okpuru nduzi nke salicylates, reserpine, nkwanye nwere ethanol, ma ime ka insulin na-ewusi ike ma na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ga-ekwe omume.
Octreotide, lanreotide nwere ike iwelie ma ọ bụ ibelata mkpa ahụ insulin dị.
Ndị na - egbochi Beta na-egbochi mkpuchi nke hypoglycemia na mgbake ngwa ngwa mgbe hypoglycemia gasịrị.
Site na ojiji insulin na ọgwụ thiazolidinedione jikọtara ọnụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịzụlite obi na-adịghị ala ala, ọkachasị ndị ọrịa nwere ihe ndị dị ize ndụ maka mmepe ya. Mgbe etinyere usoro ọgwụgwọ dị otú a, ọ dị mkpa inyocha ndị ọrịa iji chọpụta ọria obi na-adịghị ala ala, ọnụnọ edema, na oke ibu. Ọ bụrụ na mgbaàmà nke nkụda obi na-akawanye njọ n'ime ndị ọrịa, ekwesịrị ịkwụsị ọgwụ thiazolidinedione.

Dodoụbiga ya ókè

Site na ịdoụbiga ọgwụ ókè, hypoglycemia na-amalite.
Ọgwụgwọ: onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ike iwepụ hypoglycemia dị nwayọ n'onwe ya, n'ihi na nke a ọ dị mkpa iji rie nri n'ụba carbohydrates ma ọ bụ shuga n'ime, ya mere a na-atụ aro ka ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus na-ebu shuga, kuki, ihe ndị na-atọ ụtọ, ihe ọ fruitụ fruitụ mkpụrụ osisi dị ụtọ. Na nnukwu hypoglycemia (gụnyere ọnwụ nke mmụọ), a na-edozi ihe ndozi 40% dextrose intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intravenously - glucagon. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị onwe ya, onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị iri nri nwere carbohydrate iji gbochie ịmaliteghachi hypoglycemia.

Ọgwụ Farmacology

Ọ na-emekọ ihe n'etiti ndị na-anabata ya nke akpụkpọ ahụ cytoplasmic nke dị na sel ahụ wee mepụta insulin-receptor complex nke na-akpali usoro intracellular, gụnyere njikọ nke ọtụtụ enzymes isi (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase, wdg). Mbelata nke glucose n’ime ọbara bụ n’ihi mmụba n’ọdụ ụgbọ ahụ dị n’ime ya, ịba ụba na nnabata site na anụ ahụ, yana mbelata nke ọ̀kpụkpụ glucose na-amịpụta. Na-akpali lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, njikọ protein.

Ogologo oge ihe omume insulin kwadebere bụ nke ọnụego nnabata, nke dabere n'ọtụtụ ihe (gụnyere dose, usoro na ebe nchịkwa), ya mere profaịlụ nke insulin na-enwe mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ndị dị iche iche, yana n'otu na otu onye. Na, na, mgbe sc nchịkwa, mmalite nke ihe bụ mgbe 1.5 awa, utịp utịp ke n'etiti 4 na 12 awa, oge nke edinam bụ ruo 24 awa.

Njuputa nke nnabata na mmalite nke mmetụta nke insulin na-adabere na saịtị injection (afọ, afọ, isi), dose (olu insulin insulin), mkpokọta nke insulin na ọgwụ, wdg Ọ na-ekesa na-agafe n’akpụ anụ ahụ, ọ banyeghịkwa n'ihe mgbochi placental na n'ime mmiri ara. Ọ bụ insulinase na-abụkarị imeju ya na akụrụ. Ọ bụ ya mere akụrụ (30-80%).

Nsonaazụ nke ihe inyocha Insulin-isophan mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ

N'ihi mmetụta nke metabolism metabolism: Ọnọdụ hypoglycemic (pallor nke anụ ahụ, ịba ụba ọsụsọ, palpitations, ịma jijiji, agụụ, oke iwe, paresthesia n'ọnụ, isi ọwụwa). Nnukwu hypoglycemia siri ike nwere ike iduga mmepe nke hypoglycemic coma.

Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ: adịkarịghị - ọnya ọnya, ụkwara Quincke, nke a na - adịghị ahụkebe - ujo anafilactic.

Ndị ọzọ: ọzịza, njehie na-ezighi ezi (oge ụfọdụ na mmalite ọgwụgwọ).

Mmeghachi omume mpaghara: hyperemia, ọzịza na itching na ntụtụ ahụ, yana iji ogologo oge - lipodystrophy na saịtị ahụ.

Ihe akpachara anya maka insulin-isophan bio engineering

Okwesiri igbanwe ebe ogwu ngbanyere na mpaghara anatomical iji gbochie mmepe nke lipodystrophy.

Na-emegide usoro ịgwọ ọrịa insulin, ọ dị mkpa ịdị na-achọpụta ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ glucose ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọbara mgbe niile. Ihe ndị na - akpata hypoglycemia, na mgbakwunye na insulin ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè, nwere ike ịbụ: nnọchi ọgwụ, nzere nri, vomiting, afọ ọsịsa, mmega ahụ na-abawanye ụba, ọrịa na-ebelata mkpa insulin (ọrụ imeju na akụrụ, hypofunction nke adrenal cortex, pituitary ma ọ bụ thyroid gland), mgbanwe nke ebe yana inje, yana iso ogwu ndi ozo.

Ọgwụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nkwụsịtụ n'ime nchịkwa insulin, karịsịa na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga 1, nwere ike ibute hyperglycemia. Ọtụtụ mgbe, mgbaàmà mbụ nke hyperglycemia na-amalite nwayọọ nwayọọ karịa ọtụtụ awa ma ọ bụ ụbọchị. Ndị a gụnyere akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, mmamịrị nke ukwuu, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, ọbara ọbara na ajị anụ, akpọnwụ akpịrị, enweghị agụụ, isi nke acetone na ikuku ikuku. Ọ bụrụ na agwọtaghị ya, hyperglycemia n'ụdị shuga 1 nwere ike ibute mmepe nke ọrịa ketoacidosis na-eyi ndụ egwu.

Ekwesịrị imeghari etu insulin si arụ ọrụ ọfụma, ọrịa nke Addison, hypopituitarism, ọrụ imeju na akụrụ ya na ọrịa mellitus na ndị ọrịa karịrị afọ 65. Alsogbanwe uda insulin nwekwara ike ịchọ ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ na-eme ka mmega ahụ sie ike ma ọ bụ gbanwee nri nri ọ na-enwe.

Ọrịa concoitant, ọkachasị ọrịa na ọnọdụ ya na ahụ ọkụ na-eme ka ebulite insulin.

Ọkpụkpụ site na ụdị insulin na nke ọzọ ga-ebufe n'okpuru ịchịkwa ọkwa glucose ọbara.

Ọgwụ a na-ebelata mmanya nnabata.

Na njikọta ebumnuche insulin, mgbanwe dị n'ụdị ya ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ nke nrụgide anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke uche, enwere ike belata ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ijikwa usoro dị iche iche, yana itinye aka na ihe omume ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ nke chọrọ nlebara anya na ọsọ nke mmeghachi omume nke uche na moto.

Njirimara nke ihe insulin-isopan genetic engineering

Ọgwụ insulin na-arụ ọrụ. A na - enweta insulin mmadụ site na teknụzụ DNA.

Ọ na-emekọ ihe n'etiti ndị na-anabata ya nke akpụkpọ ahụ cytoplasmic nke dị na sel ahụ wee mepụta insulin-receptor complex nke na-akpali usoro intracellular, gụnyere njikọ nke ọtụtụ enzymes isi (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase, wdg).Mbelata nke glucose n’ime ọbara bụ n’ihi mmụba n’ọdụ ụgbọ ahụ dị n’ime ya, ịba ụba na nnabata site na anụ ahụ, yana mbelata nke ọ̀kpụkpụ glucose na-amịpụta. Na-akpali lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, njikọ protein.

Vidiyo (pịa igwu egwu).

Nkọwa nke ihe arụ ọrụ insulin-isophan biogen engineering / Insulinum isophanum humanum biosyntheticum.

Usoro, kemịkal aha: enweghị data.
Otu ọgwụ: homonụ na ndị na-emegide ha / insulins ha.
Ihe ogwu ogwu: hypoglycemic.

Isofan insulin: ntuziaka maka ojiji na ọnụahịa ọgwụ

Ọgwụ insulin nwere agwa nnọchi, n'ihi na isi ọrụ ọgwụgwọ bụ imegwara ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na metabolism metabolism site na iwebata ọgwụ pụrụ iche n'okpuru anụ ahụ. Ọgwụ dị otú ahụ na-emetụta ahụ mmadụ na insulin nke sitere na pancreas mepụtara. N'okwu a, ọgwụgwọ ahụ zuru oke ma ọ bụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu.

N'ime ọgwụ ndị a na-eji maka ọrịa shuga, otu n'ime ihe kachasị mma bụ insulin Isofan. Ọgwụ nwere insulin nke sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mmadụ jiri oge ọkara.

Ngwá ọrụ dị n'ụdị dị iche iche. A na-edozi ya n'ụzọ atọ - subcutaneously, intramuscularly na intravenously. Nke a na-enye onye ọrịa ohere ịhọrọ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka ịchịkwa ọkwa nke glycemia.

Ihe ngosi maka ojiji na aha ahia ogwu

Ejiri ọgwụ a gosipụtara maka ụdị ọrịa shuga na-adabere na ọrịa shuga. Ọzọkwa, usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ịdị ogologo ndụ.

Insulin dị ka Isofan bụ ọgwụ eji emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa enyere mmadụ n'ụkpụrụ ndị a:

ụdị shuga 2 (insulin-dependance),
usoro ịwa ahụ
iguzogide ndị ọrịa hypoglycemic weere ọnụ dị ka akụkụ nke ọgwụgwọ siri ike,
ọrịa afọ ime (na enweghị uru ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ),
ihe omumu ogwu.

Companieslọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta insulin nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe n’okpuru aha dị iche iche. Ndị kachasị ewu ewu bụ Vozulim-N, Biosulin-N, Protafan-NM, Insuran-NPH, Gensulin-N.

A na-ejikwa ụdị insulin insulin ndị ọzọ nwere aha aha ndị a:

Adighi ike
Humulin (NPH),
Pensulin,
Isofan insulin NM (Protafan),
Actrafan
Insulidd N,
Biogulin N,
Protafan-NM Penifill.

Okwesiri iburu n'uche na ojiji nke dọkịta insulin Isofan kwesiri ekwenye.

Insulin mmadụ nwere mmetụta hypoglycemic. Ọgwụ ahụ na-eso ndị na-anabata mkpụrụ ndụ cytoplasmic sel, na-akpụ insulin-receptor complex. Ọ na - eme ka usoro dị n'ime sel na - arụ ọrụ ma mezie enzymes (glycogen synthetase, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, wdg).

Ibelata nsụkọta nke shuga bụ nke a na-eme site na ịbawanye n'ụba nke intracellular, na-ebelata ogo nke imeju na -emepụta site na imeju, na-akpali mmụba na inwekwu glucose site na anụ ahụ. Ọzọkwa, insulin mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ njikọ protein, glycogenogenesis, lipogenesis.

Ogologo oge nke ọgwụ ahụ na-adabere na ọsọ nke nnweta, ọ bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe (mpaghara nchịkwa, usoro na usoro). Ya mere, ịdị mma nke insulin Isofan nwere ike ịbụ ide mmiri ma otu onye ọrịa na ndị ọrịa shuga ndị ọzọ.

Ọtụtụ mgbe mgbe ịgba ntụtụ ahụ gasịrị, a na-ahụpụta mmetụta nke ọgwụ ndị ahụ mgbe awa 1.5 gachara. Kachasị arụmọrụ kachasị elu na-apụta na 4-12 awa mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị. Oge ihe - otu ubochi.

Yabụ, izu oke nke itinye ihe na mmalite nke ihe ahụ na - arụ ọrụ na - adabere n'ihe ndị dịka:

mpaghara ịgba ọgwụ (buttock, apata ụkwụ, afọ),
ike ihe ịta
usoro onunu ogwu.

A na-ekesa nkwadebe insulin na mmadụ na-ezighi ezi na akwara. Ha abanyeghị n’etiti Plasenta, a banyeghị n’ime mmiri ara.

Ebibi ha site na insulinase tumadi n’ime akụrụ na imeju, a na-egosipụta ya n’ime 30-80% na akụrụ.

Ntụziaka maka iji insulin Isofan kwupụta na a na-enye ya subcutaneously ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị tupu nri ụtụtụ (nkeji 30-45). N'okwu a, ịkwesịrị ịgbanwe ebe ntụtụ ụbọchị kwa ụbọchị ma chekwaa sirinji a na-eji eme ụlọ okpomọkụ, yana nke ọhụrụ na friji.

Mgbe ụfọdụ a na-a adminụ ọgwụ ahụ intramuscularly. Intzọ ọbara n'ime iji insulin eme ihe na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ejighị ya.

A na-agbakọta usoro onunu ogwu ahụ n'otu oge maka onye ọrịa ọ bụla, dabere na ọkwa shuga na mmiri ọmụmụ yana nkọwa nke ọrịa ahụ. Dịka iwu, nkezi usoro ubochi kwa ụbọchị sitere na 8-24 IU.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrịa nwere insensensitivity na insulin, mgbe ahụ, ezigbo ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị bụ 8 IU. Site na ịba uru nke homonụ ahụ, usoro ịba ụba na-abawanye - site na 24 IU kwa ụbọchị.

Mgbe ogo ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị karịrị 0.6 IU kwa 1 n'arọ nke uka, mgbe ahụ, a na-eme inje 2 n'akụkụ ahụ dị iche iche. Ndị ọrịa nwere otu ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị nke 100 IU ma ọ bụ karịa kwesịrị ịga ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụrụ na edochi insulin.

Ọzọkwa, mgbe ị na-ebufe otu ụdị ngwaahịa gaa na nke ọzọ, ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa ọdịnaya shuga.

Ojiji insulin mmadu nwere ike ime ka ekpughere ekpughe. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụ angioedema (hypotension, umi ume, fever) na urticaria.

Ọzọkwa, ịgafe usoro onunu ogwu nwere ike ibute hypoglycemia, nke ihe mgbaàmà ndị a gosipụtara:

ehighi ura
akpụkpọ ahụ,
ịda mba
hyperhidrosis
tua egwu
obi ụtọ ala
palpitations
isi ọwụwa
ndaba,
ọgba aghara vestibular
agụụ
ịma jijiji na ihe.

Mmetụta dị n'akụkụ ya gụnyere akpịrị acidosis na hyperglycemia, nke ọdịdị ihu na-egosipụta, ụra, nri agụụ na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ na-ebilite megide nzụlite nke ọrịa na-efe efe na ahụ ọkụ, mgbe a na-efu ntụgharị, usoro ị theụ ọgwụ adịghị mma, ma ọ bụrụ na esoghị nri ahụ.

Mgbe ụfọdụ imebi mmụọ na-eme. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, a na-amalite inwe precoatous na coma stema.

Na nmalite ọgwụgwọ, obere ọrụ na-eduga n'ịrụ ọrụ nwere ike ime. A na-ahụta mmụba na ụzọ ụzọ ọgwụ insulin na-enwewanye ọganihu nke glycemia na mmeghachi omume immunological nke ọdịdị obe na insulin mmadụ.

Oge ụfọdụ ka ọgwụ ịgba gburugburu na-efegharị na ọnya afọ. N'okwu a, hyperrophies anụ ahụ subcutaneous ma ọ bụ atrophies. Ma n’oge usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ, njehie na edema nwere ike ime nwa oge.

Ọ bụrụ na ị doụbiga ọgwụ ọ hormonụ hormonụ ókè, ọbara shuga dị elu nke ukwuu. Nke a na - akpata hypoglycemia, mgbe ụfọdụ onye ọrịa na - adaba na mmiri.

Ọ bụrụ n ’ufere dị ntakịrị, ị ga-a takeụ nri carb dị elu (chọkọleti, achịcha ọcha, mpịakọta, swiiti) ma ọ bụ drinkụọ mmanya dị ụtọ nke ukwuu. N'ọnọdụ nkụda mmụọ, a na-enye onye ọrịa ọgwụ elektrose (40%) ma ọ bụ glucagon (s / c, v / m).

Mgbe onye ọrịa nwetaghachiri, ọ dị mkpa inye ya nri n'ụba carbohydrates.

Nke a ga - egbochi nlọghachi hypoglycemic na glycemic coma.

Ejighị ọgwụgwọ nke ọgwụ ndị ọzọ agwọ ọrịa sc. A co-ochichi na sulfonamides, Ace / Mao / carbonic anhydrase, NSAIDs, ethanol inhibitors, anabolic Steroid, chloroquine, androgens, quinine, bromocriptine, pirodoksin, tetracyclines, lithium preparations, clofibrate, fenfluramine, Ketonozolom, Tsiklofosvamidom, theophylline, mebendazole enhances hypoglycemic mmetụta.

Ike nke ịba ụba hypoglycemic emee na-eso:

Ihe nrịbama H1 histamine na-egbochi,
Glucagon
Somatropin
Epinephrine
GKS,
Phenytoin
ogwu gboro ya
Epinephrine
Estrogens
Ndị na-emegide nnu.

Na mgbakwunye, mbelata shuga na-eme ka njikọ nke Isofan insulin na loop na thiazide diuretics, Klondin, BMKK, Diazoxide, Danazol, homonụ thyroid, ọgwụ tricyclic antidepressants, sympathomimetics, Heparin na sulfinpyrazone. Nicotine, wii wii na morphine na-abawanye hypoglycemia.

Pentamidine, beta-egbochi, Octreotide na Reserpine nwere ike ịkwalite ma ọ bụ mee ka ike gwụ glycemia.

Prekpachara anya maka ojiji insulin insulin bụ na onye nwere ọrịa shuga kwesịrị ịgbanwe ebe a ga-etinye insulin. E kwuwerị, ọ bụ naanị ụzọ iji gbochie ọdịdị nke lipodystrophy.

Na-emegide usoro ịgwọ ọrịa insulin, ị kwesịrị ịdị na-enyochakarị glucose. N'ezie, na mgbakwunye na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibute ọrịa hypoglycemia:

ọrịa shuga na shuga,
ọgwụ idochi
mụbaa ọrụ ahụ
ọrịa na-ebelata mkpa nke homonụ (akụrụ na ọrịa imeju, hypofunction thyroid gland, pituitary gland, wdg),
nri a na-edoghị anya,
mgbanwe mgbanwe mpaghara.

Usoro ezumike na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ nkwụsịtụ ogologo oge n'etiti inje insulin nwere ike inye aka na mmepe hyperglycemia, ọkachasị na ụdị shuga 1. Ọ bụrụ na emezighị ọgwụgwọ n'oge, mgbe ahụ onye ọrịa na-etopụta ketoacidotic coma mgbe ụfọdụ.

Na mgbakwunye, a ga-achọ mgbanwe onwonye ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ karịa 65, ọ nwere ọrụ ọrịre nke thyroid gland, akụrụ ma ọ bụ imeju. Ọ dịkwa mkpa maka hypopituitarism na ọrịa Addison.

Na mgbakwunye, ndị ọrịa kwesịrị ịma na nhazi insulin nke mmadụ na-ebelata nnabata mmanya. N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ, na nnọchi nke nnọchi, ọnọdụ nrụgide, mgbatị anụ ahụ siri ike, ọ dịghị mkpa ịkwọ ụgbọ ala na usoro ndị ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ tinye aka na ihe omume dị egwu nke chọrọ ịba ụba na ọsọ nke mmeghachi omume.

Ndị ọrịa dị ime kwesịrị ịtụle na oge mbu, mkpa insulin na-ebelata, na nke abụọ na atọ ọ na-abawanye. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike ịchọrọ obere hormone ahụ n'oge ọrụ.

A ga-atụle atụmatụ nke ọgwụ ọgwụ nke Isofan na vidiyo n'isiokwu a.

Ọria mamiri - M .: ọgwụ, 1964. - 603 p.
Rudnitsky L.V. ọrịa thyroid. Ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi, Peter - M., 2012. - 128 c.
Kennedy Lee, nchọpụta Basu Ansu na ọgwụgwọ na endocrinology. Uzo nsogbu, GEOTAR-Media - M., 2015. - 304 p.

Ka m kọwaa onwe m. Aha m bụ Elena. Anọwo m na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọkà mmụta endocrinologist ruo ihe karịrị afọ 10. Ekwenyere m na abụ m ọkachamara n'ọhịa m ugbu a, m chọrọ inyere ndị ọbịa niile nọ na saịtị ahụ aka idozi ihe dị mgbagwoju anya ọ bụghị ọrụ. A na-achịkọta ihe niile dị na saịtị ahụ ma jiri nlezianya hazie iji kọọ ozi niile dị mkpa. Tupu itinye ihe akọwara na weebụsaịtị, ndụmọdụ mmetụtara na ndị ọkachamara dị mkpa mgbe niile.

Ntụziaka maka ojiji

Ntụziaka maka ojiji gosipụtara ụdị ọrịa ọrịa insulin na - eji emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ - eji agwọ ọrịa shuga na - akpata ọrịa shuga mellitus. A na-eme ọgwụgwọ n'ọnọdụ a n'oge ndụ niile. N'okwu a, ọ dị mkpa ịgbaso usoro injection. Na mgbakwunye, a na-eji Isofan eme ihe maka ụdị 1 na ụdị shuga 2.

Dọkịta nwere ike inye gị ọgwụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na enwereghị nsonaazụ site na ọgwụ nwere ike ịbelata shuga. Emezie insulin ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụgwọ agwakọta.

Mmụba na shuga ọbara nwekwara ike ịbụ nsonaazụ nke nsogbu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ọwachara ahụ. N'okwu a, enwere ike ịkọ ọgwụ insulin ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụgwọ dị mgbagwoju anya. Edere ya ọgwụ maka ụmụ nwanyị dị ime nke nwere ọrịa shuga.

A na-eji Isofan mee ihe naanị maka ụdị 1 na ụdị 2 ọrịa shuga!

A na-egbochi ọgwụ a n'ime ndị ọrịa na-enwekarị mmeghachi omume nfụkasị yana inwe hypoglycemia.

Mmetụta mmetụta

Isi mmetụta dị na ị Iụ Isofan bụ:

Mmetụta ọjọọ na metabolism metabolism. E gosipụtara nke a n'ụdị pallor nke anụ ahụ, ịsụ ngọngọ na-asọ asọ, nkụchi obi ngwa ngwa, ọdịdị ahụ na-ama jijiji, mmadụ na-achọkarị iri nri, na-enwe ahụmịhe ụjọ, isi ọwụwa ugboro ugboro.
Allergy gosipụtara site na nsị anụ ahụ, edere nke Quincke. N'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọgwụ ahụ na-akpata akpata ụjọ akpata anaphylactic.
Uzo nwere ike iputa.
Mgbe ogwu ogbugba, itching ma ọ bụ ọria, ọnya nwere ike ime. Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwọ ahụ na-adịgide ogologo oge, etolite lipodystrophy guzobere.

N'akụkụ a, na mmalite ọgwụgwọ, enwere ike ịme ọgwụ insulin naanị mgbe ọ họpụtara dọkịta ma n'okpuru nlekọta ya.

Dose doseụbiga ihe ókè

N'ihe banyere iwebata ọgwụ ịba ụba, onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ike ịnweta ihe ịrịba ama nke hypoglycemia. N'okwu a, ịkwesịrị iri otu shuga ma ọ bụ nri nwere carbohydrates. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ kuki, ihe ọ fruitụ fruitụ mkpụrụ osisi, sweets.

Mata oke Isofan nwere ike ibute enweghị mmụọ. A na-atụ aro ka ịnye ọgwụ ntụtụ nke 40% dextrose. Enwere ike ijikwa Glucagon intramuscularly, intravenously ma ọ bụ subcutaneously.

Mkpakọrịta

Ntuziaka maka iji ọgwụ ahụ na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu njirimara ọgwụ ahụ na nuzu nke iji ya.

Isofan injinia mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ karịa ma ọ bụrụ na a drugsụọ ọgwụ ndị a n'otu oge:

Hypoglycemic ọnụnọ nke mmadụ.
MAO na ACE inhibitors, carbon anhydrase.
Sulfonamides.
Anabolikov.
Tetracyclines.
Ọgwụ nwere ethanol.

Idị nke Isofan na-adalata mgbe ejiri ya: mgbochi ogwu a na-ede ede, ọgwụ glucocorticoid, homonụ thyroid, antidepressants, morphine. Ọ bụrụ na-agaghị ekwe omume ịkagbu ọgwụ na-emetụta ihe nke insulin, ọ dị mkpa ịdọ ndị dọkịta na-aga ya aka banyere nke a.

Ọgwụ yiri ya

Ndị ọrịa shuga nwere mmasị n’ajụjụ nke ihe a ga-eji dochie insulin. A na-atụ aro ka iji ọgwụ analogues Isofan maka ọgwụgwọ: Humulin (NPH), Protafan-NM, Protafan-NM Penfill, Insumal, Actrafan.

Tupu ị gbanwee Isofan ka analog, ọ dị mkpa ịkpọtụrụ dọkịta gị. Usoro ọgwụgwọ insulin bụ ọgwụgwọ siri ike. Ọ chọrọ ịdọ aka ná ntị nke onye ọrịa na ịlele dọkịta.