Nnyocha ọbara maka suga (glucose)

Ihe na-enye glucose bụ ọgwụ monosaccharide nke sitere na uru ume dị elu. Ọ bụ isi mmalite nke ike maka ihe niile dị ndụ. Insulin bu diri nnabata nke glucose ma dokwa anya itinye uche ya. A na-ahụta homonụ a bụ nke a kacha mụọ n'ụwa. N'okpuru mmetụta ya, ọkwa glucose na-ebelata. A na-edebe Monosaccharide n'ụdị glycogen.

Nyocha ọbara maka shuga bụ aha ezinụlọ maka nyocha nke nyocha nke glycemia (glucose ọbara). Ọmụmụ ihe dị mkpa maka nchọpụta na njikwa nke nsogbu nke metabolism metabolism, ebe ọkwa glucose na-ekpebi ọnọdụ mmadụ niile. Mbibi sitere na iwu ruo n'akụkụ nke obere ka ana-akpọ hypoglycemia, ka ukwuu - hyperglycemia.

Hypoglycemia

Ọrịa hypoglycemia bụ ọrịa pathologies nke mbelata glucose dị n'okpuru 3.5 mmol / L.

Otu atọ nke mgbaàmà bụ njiri mara hypoglycemia:

1. Adrenergic: nchekasị, akparamagwa agwa, nchekasị, echiche nke ụjọ, arrhythmia, jijiji, oke ahụ ike, nwata akwụkwọ, pallor, ọbara mgbali elu.
2. Parasympathetic: agụụ, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, ịsụsọ oke, ịba.
3. Neuroglycopenic (n'ihi agụụ nke usoro akwara obi): disorientation, isi ọwụwa, anya mmiri, ọhụụ okpukpu abụọ, paresis, aphasia, cramps, ọdịda okuku ume, ọrụ obi, nsụhọ.

Isi ihe kpatara hypoglycemia bụ:

• mmiri furu efu n'ihi ọgbụgbọ ma ọ bụ afọ ọsịsa,
• nri adịghị mma,
• ị overụ ọgwụ insulin ma ọ bụ ọgwụ na-eme ka ọ dị ala,
• imega ahụ gabigara ókè
• ọrịa na-agwụ ike
• hypermenorrhea,
• ị alcoholụbiga mmanya ókè
• otu akụkụ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ akụkụ ọdịda,
• akpụ akpụ mkpụrụ ndụ akụrụngwa,
• congenital fermentopathies metụtara glucose metabolism,
• nchịkwa intraven nke ihe ngwọta sodium chloride (NaCl).

Site na hypoglycemia ogologo oge, ụgwọ ọrụ dị mkpụmkpụ nke carbohydrate metabolism na-apụta. N'ihi glycogenolysis (mmebi glycogen), ọkwa nke glycemia na-abawanye.

Kpebie ụdị nsonaazụ ọmụmụ a site n'aka onye ọkachamara. Okwesiri iburu n’uche na oburu na-egosibeghi iwu banyere ime nyocha ma ihe ekwesighi, ma gha apia isi na ya puta.

Hypoglycemia na-ebutekarị megide njehie nke njehie nri ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga. Otu ndị ọrịa a ga - enwerịrị ọgwụ ike ha na ha (obere cubes shuga, mmiri ọ sweetụ sweetụ, ụlọ mmanya). A chọrọ nnwale ọbara maka shuga iji chọpụta hypoglycemia.

Hyperglycemia

Ihe na - akpata hyperglycemia:

1. Ọrịa shuga mellitus. Nke a bụ isi ihe na etiological nke hyperglycemia na-adịghị ala ala. Ndabere nke ọrịa a bụ ụkọ insulin ma ọ bụ nguzogide anụ ahụ.
2. Njehie na nri. Site na bulimia nervosa, ndị mmadụ anaghị achịkwa nri nri, n'ihi nke ha na-eri nnukwu carbohydrates na-agbari ngwa ngwa.
3. Ojiji ufodu ogwu. Ọgwụ ndị na-akpalite hyperglycemia: thiazide diuretics, ọgwụ glucocorticoid, nicotinic acid, Pentamidine, ndị na-egbochi nchebe, L-asparaginase, Rituximab, ụfọdụ ìgwè antidepressants.
4. Enweghi biotin.
5. Ọnọdụ ndị na-akpata obi erughị ala. Ihe ndị a gụnyere nnukwu ọrịa obi (ọrịa strok, infarction myocardial).
6. Ọrịa na-efe efe.

Akara hyperglycemia site na mgbaàmà ndị a:

• akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ
• ọnụ kpọrọ nkụ
• polyuria
• malaise
• iro ụra
• Ibelata oke ibu ka ị na-enwe agụụ,
• ụjọ
• mmebi anya
• na-ebelata ikike mgbochi,
• Ọrịa ọnya na-adịghị mma
• akpụkpọ anụ?
• mmebi nke uche na aka (yana ogologo ụzọ).

Nchọpụta ngwa ngwa ụlọ dị mma maka ndị chọrọ nlebara anya glucose oge niile. Maka nyocha nyocha, a na-eme nnyocha ụlọ nyocha.

Ọrịa hyperglycemia dị ala (6.7–8,2 mmol / L) na enyemaka enyemaka n’oge adịghị eweta ọghọm ahụike. Agbanyeghị, mmụba na-aba ụba nke na-adịghị ala ala na shuga na-akpata nnukwu ọrịa metabolism, na-ebelata ihe nchebe nke anụ ahụ, yana mmebi ahụ. Nsogbu nke hyperglycemia nwere ike igbu mmadụ. Ihe ndị dị egwu na-akpata ya bụ polyneuropathy, micro na macroangiopathy.

Onu ogugu glucose nke nwanyi di ime bu ihe iriba ama nke oria shuga. Ọnọdụ ọrịa na - ebulite ihe ize ndụ nke preeclampsia, ịmụ nwa n’oge, nnukwu pyelonephritis, ime ọpụpụ na nsogbu ịmụ nwa. N'ime ụmụ nwoke nwere hyperglycemia na-adịghị ala ala, a na-ahụkarị balanoposthitis, na ụmụ nwanyị - vulvovaginitis.

Ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa shuga abụghị njirimara nke nnabata glucose. Mana ọnọdụ ahụ chọrọ mgbazi ọgwụ.

Kedu ihe achọrọ njikwa glycemia

Nyocha ọbara maka shuga na-enye gị ohere inyocha ọnọdụ metabolism metabolism.

Mmụba na glucose nwere ike igosipụta ọnọdụ ndị a:

• ọrịa shuga mellitus
• pheochromocytoma,
• thyrotoxicosis,
• acromegaly
• Hisenko-Cushing's syndrome,
• ọrịa hyperparathyroidism,
• somatostinoma,
• glucagonoma
• Ọrịa pancreatic (pancreatitis, mumps metụtara pancreas, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, cancer),
• enweghi aka nke hepatorenal,
• autoimmune mbuso agha na sel pancreatic.

Ihe kpatara iji belata ogo glucose:

• ibu ọnụ ogologo oge
• mebiri nke mmebi nke nri carbohydrate (ọrịa nke afọ, eriri afọ),
• ọrịa imeju na-adịghị ala ala
• Ọrịa metụtara ezughi oke nke insulin antagonists (hypofunction nke thyroid gland, adrenal cortex na pituitary gland),
• ike hyperinsulinemia (oke ibu, ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus abụọ).
• insulinoma
• sarcoidosis
• congenital erughi nke enzymes (ọrịa Girke, galactosemia),
• nsi
• ihe ogwugwo na ogha diges.

A na-ahụ hypoglycemia n'ime ụmụ ndị nne na-arịa ọrịa shuga. Ọ na - etolitekwa nri na-edozi oke na ọtụtụ carbohydrates dị mfe na nri. Isi ihe kpatara hyperglycemia bụ ọrịa shuga.

Etu esi akwado maka nyocha

Achọrọ nkwadebe ụlọ nyocha kwesịrị ekwesị maka nchịkwa glycemic laboratory.

Etu ị ga-esi aga nyocha:

1. Iri ọbara n’afọ na-enweghị isi. N’abali ị ga-eri naanị nri nwere obere kalori.
2. Ruo awa iri na abụọ ewezuga mmanya na-aba n’anya, ise anwụrụ, belata mmega ahụ
3. N’ụbọchị ọmụmụ, ịnwere ike ị drinkụ mmiri.
4. Otu ụbọchị tupu nnwale ọbara, a na-akagbu ọgwụ ndị na-emetụta metabolism metabolism (a na-atụle dọkịta.

Enwere ike imetụta nsonaazụ ya na enweghị ụra, ọrịa na-efe efe, ogologo njem. Enweghi ike ime nyocha ahụ mgbe usoro physiotherapeutic, ọmụmụ x-ray, arụmọrụ. Iji chọpụta glycemia, a na-ewere ọbara venous ma ọ bụ okpu ọbara na mkpịsị aka.

A na - enweta dọkịta site na dọkịta iji ozi ma ọ ga - ekwe omume tụọ shuga n'ụlọ. Nchọpụta ngwa ngwa ụlọ dị mma maka ndị chọrọ nlebara anya glucose oge niile. Maka nyocha nyocha, a na-eme nnyocha ụlọ nyocha.

N'ime ụdị shuga 1, a na-atụ aro ka a nyochaa glycemia tupu ntụtụ insulin ọ bụla. N'ime ụdị shuga abụọ, a na-enyocha glucose ọbara kwa ụbọchị n'ụtụtụ. A na-adụ ndị okenye gafere afọ iri anọ na ndị ọrịa nọ n'ihe ize ndụ (ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, ndị nwere ọrịa ọrịa ma ọ bụ buru ibu) ọdụ ka ha na-enyocha glycemia mgbe niile.

Od na-ekpebi nnwale ọbara maka shuga

Iji chọpụta ọkwa nke glucose dị n'ọbara, a na-ejikarị atụmatụ nke data na millimoles kwa liter (nhazi - mmol / l). Na nke a, enwere ike ikenye ụdị nyocha ụlọ nyocha dị iche iche:

• Nnyocha ọbara biochemical maka ọkwa glucose,
• nnwale nnabata glucose ọbara na mmega ahụ (nnwale nnabata glucose na afọ efu na mmega ahụ),
• ule nnabata glucose maka C-peptides,
• nyocha nke hemoglobin glycated,
• nyocha maka ọkwa fructosamine,
• nyocha nke ogo glucose na ọbara nke ụmụ nwanyị dị ime (nyocha nnabata glucose n'oge ime).

Ọnụego mgbanye glucose na venous na capillary ọbara dị iche.

Hypoglycemia na-ebutekarị megide njehie nke njehie nri ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga. Otu ndị ọrịa a ga - enwerịrị ọgwụ ike ha na ha (obere cubes shuga, mmiri ọ sweetụ sweetụ, ụlọ mmanya).

Tebụl nwere ntụpọ nke usoro nyocha ọbara maka shuga

Nkọwapụta Izugbe

Ọrịa glucose dị ka onye bụ isi na-emetụta metabolism nke ahụ bụ otu n'ime akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọbara. Ọ bụ kpọmkwem ọnụnọ nke akara a n'ọbara ọbara nke enyere aka ịtụle steeti nke carbohydrate metabolism. Ọ bụ glucose dị ihe dị n’etiti ihe mejupụtara ọbara na plasma, ma n’ikpeazụ, ọ na-akachasị nke ọma. A na-ahazi glucose ọbara site na sistemụ akwara etiti (CNS), ụfọdụ homonụ na imeju.

Ọtụtụ ọrịa na ahụike nke anụ ahụ nwere ike ibute nkụda mmụọ nke ọkwa glucose ọbara, ọnọdụ a ka a na-akpọ hypoglycemia, na mmụba ya bụ hyperglycemia, nke na-eme ọtụtụ mgbe na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus (DM). N'okwu a, nchọpụta ọrịa shuga mellitus bụ nke nwere ezigbo azịza nye otu n'ime nyocha a:

• Ọdịdị nke mgbaàmà ụlọọgwụ nke ọrịa shuga gbakwunyere na-abawanye na glucose plasma ≥ 11.1 mmol / l, ma ọ bụ:
• plasma glucose na-ebu ọnụ ≥ 7.1 mmol / L, ma ọ bụ:
• plasma glucose ọkwa 2 awa mgbe ịwụsịrị kwa os 75 grams nke glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol / L.

Oburu na omumu ihe omumu nke glucose na otutu ndi mmadu na - acho ihe banyere oria ma obu ime ihe nlere anya, i gha enwe ike ikwusi onwe gi ike otu n’ime ihe a: N'ime ọgwụ dị irè, iji kwado nchoputa nke ọrịa shuga, ọ dị mkpa iji duzie ọmụmụ nke abụọ na-esote ụbọchị.

Healthtù Ahụ Ike recommwa na-atụ aro maka nnwale glucose plasma naanị plasma nwetara site n'ọbara na-ebu ọnụ. N'okwu a, a na-ahụta nchịkọta glucose ndị na-esonụ.

• A na-ahụta ọkwa glucose plasma na-erughị 6.1 mmol / l dị ka nke nkịtị,
• A na-ahụta glucose plasma site na 6.1 mmol / l ka 7 mmol / l dị ka nsogbu glycemia nke nwere nsogbu,
• ọkwa plasma glucose na-ebu ọnụ karịa 7 mmol / L bụ nha maka nchọpụta mbido ọrịa shuga.

Ihe ngosiputa maka nhọpụta ule ọbara maka shuga

• ụdị shuga mellitus ụdị nke m,
• ịchọpụta na nlegide nke ọrịa shuga
• afọ ime dị ime
• enwere ikike nnabata glucose,
• na-elele ndị mmadụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa shuga mellitus (oke ibu, karịa afọ 45, ụdị oria nke m nwere n'ime ezinụlọ).
• nchọpụta pụrụ iche nke hypo- na hyperglycemic coma,
• sepsis
• ujo
• ọrịa thyroid
• pathology nke adrenal glands,
• ogwu eji egwu egwu,
• ọrịa imeju.

Nchoputa nke ihe nyocha putara

Mmụba glucose ịba ụba:

• ọrịa shuga na ndị okenye na ụmụaka,
• physiological hyperglycemia: mmega ahụ na-agafeghị oke, nrụgide mmetụta uche, ise siga, adrenaline na-agbagharị n'oge ntụtụ,
• pheochromocytoma,
• thyrotoxicosis,
• acromegaly
• gigantism
• Ọrịa Cushing
• nnukwu ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala,
• pancreatitis na mumps, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis,
• etuto ahụ na-egbu mgbu,
• ọrịa imeju na akụrụ,
• ọrịa ọbara ọgbụgba,
• infarction myocardial
• ị medicationsụ ọgwụ (diuretics, kafiin, homonụ mmekọahụ nke nwanyị, glucocorticoids),
• ụbụrụ na ọnya afọ,
• Akwụkwụ na-adọ
• nsị carbon monoxide.

Mbelata na glucose ịta:

• hyperplasia, adenoma ma ọ bụ carcinoma nke β-sel nke agwaetiti nke Langerhans,
• Langerhans islet α-sel erughi,
• Ọrịa Addison
• ọrịa adrenogenital
• hypopituitarism,
• ụkọ nke adrenal cortex,
• arụ ọrụ thyroid (hypothyroidism) belatara,
• umu agbogho
• umu nke ndi nne nwere oria,
• ịdoụbiga ọgwụ ike ókè, ọgwụ nchịkwa insulin na ọgwụ ịba ọcha n'anya a na-ezighi ezi,
• imebi nri - iri nri, yana vomiting mgbe ị risịrị ndị ọrịa mamịrị,
• ọrịa ọrịa imeju siri ike: cirrhosis, ịba ọcha n'anya nke etiologies dị iche iche, ọrịa cancer mbụ, hemochromatosis,
• Ọrịa Girke
• galactosemia,
• enwere ikike ịnabata mkpụrụ osisi,
• ibu ọnụ ogologo oge
• nsị na mmanya, arsenic, chloroform, salicylates, antihistamines,
• ị medicationsụ ọgwụ (anabolic steroid, propranolol, amphetamine),
• nnukwu ahụ ike,
• ahu ọkụ
• ọrịa malabsorption,
• ọgbụgba na-egbu egbu
• oke ibu
• oria oria oria abua,
• nnukwu pyogenic meningitis,
• Ọkpụkpụ meningitis,
• ọrịa ọnụnọ cryptococcal,
• encephalitis na mumps,
• isi ma ọ bụ metastatic tumo nke pia mater,
• anaghị arịa ọrịa meningoencephalitis,
• isi amoebic meningoencephalitis,
• hypoglycemia sitere n'oge ya na sarcoidosis.