Oge eji eme ihe > Ọgwụ

Metformin (dimethylbiguanide) - onye na - ahụ maka ọgwụ nje maka ojiji a na - ahụ maka ya, nke bụ nke biguanides. Irè Metformin Ejikọtara ya na ike nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ iji gbochie gluconeogenesis n'ime ahụ. Ihe dị n’ime ya na - egbochi ụgbọ ala elektrọnikị nke ikuku iku ume mitochondria. Nke a na-eduga n'ịbelata uche nke ATP n'ime sel gị na mkpalite glycolysis site n'ụzọ ikuku na - enweghị oxygen. N'ihi nke a, glucose na-abanye n’ime sel n’ime extracellular space na-abawanye, na mmepụta nke lactate na pyruvate n’ime imeju, eriri afọ, adipose na anụ ahụ na-abawanye. Lylọ ahịa Glycogen na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na-ebelata. Ọ dịghị akpata hypoglycemic mmetụta, ebe ọ na-emepụtaghị mmepụta insulin.

Na-ebelata usoro nhazi nke abụba yana egbochi mmepụta nke abụba n'efu. Na-emegide usoro iji ọgwụ ahụ si eme ihe, a na-ahụta mgbanwe nke ọgwụ insulinodynamics nke insulin n'ihi mbelata nke ruru insulin na-agbanye na insulin n'efu. A na-achọpụta mmụba na insulin / proinsulin ruru. N'ihi usoro ọrụ nke ọgwụ ahụ, enwere mbelata nke ogo glucose na ọbara ọbara mgbe ị risịrị nri, a na-ebelatakwa ihe ngosipụta nke glucose. N'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọgwụ ahụ anaghị akpali mmepụta nke insulin site na mkpụrụ ndụ beta nke pancreas, ọ na-akwụsị hyperinsulinemia, nke a na-ahụta ka otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa na ịba ụba oke ahụ na ọrịa shuga na ọganihu nke nsogbu vaskụla. Mbelata ọkwa glucose bụ n'ihi mmụba glucose nke ọma site na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na mmụba nke ndị na-anabata insulin na-anabata ya. N'ime ndị ahụ dị mma (na-arịa ọrịa shuga) mgbe ị na-ewere metformin, a naghị achọpụta mbelata nke glucose. Metformin na-enyere aka belata ahụ mmadụ n’arụ ibu na ọrịa shuga site na-ebelata agụụ, na-ebelata nnabata nke glucose na nri n’ime eriri afọ ma na-akpali anaerobic glycolysis.

Metformin nwekwara mmetụta nke fibrinolytic n'ihi ihe mgbochi nke PAI-1 (ụdị plasminogen activator inhibitor) na t-PA (plasminogen activator).
Ọgwụ na-akpali usoro nke biotransformation nke glucose n'ime glycogen, na-eme ka mgbasa ọbara na anụju akwara. Ngwongwo HypolipPs: na -ebelata ọkwa nke LDL (lipoproteins dị ala), triglycerides (site na 10-20% ọbụlagodi mmụba mbụ nke 50%) na VLDL (lipoproteins dị obere). N'ihi mmetụta metabolic, metformin na-akpata mmụba na HDL (akwa npoproteins dị elu) site na 20-30%.

Ọgwụ ahụ na-egbochi mmụba nke akwara anụ ahụ ndị dị nro. O nwere nsonaazụ dị mma na sistem ụbụrụ na-egbochi ọdịdị nke ọrịa angiopathy.

Mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ gachara, a na-abanye n'ọbara kachasị arụ ọrụ na plasma ọbara mgbe awa 2.5 gachara. N'ime ndị ọrịa natara ọgwụ oke ike ịnwe ha, ọdịnaya kachasị elu nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ na plasma ọbara erughi 4 μg / ml. 6 awa mgbe ị takingụ ọgwụ ahụ, nnabata nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ site na ọgwụ na-akwụsị, nke a na-esobelata mbelata plasma. metformin . Mgbe ị na-ewere ọgwụ ndị a tụrụ aro ka ị gachara ụbọchị 1-2, a na-ahụkarị ihe metformin na plasma ọbara n'ime 1 μg / ml ma ọ bụ obere.

Ọ bụrụ na ị theụọ ọgwụ ahụ mgbe ị na-eri nri, mgbe ahụ enwere mbelata na mmịpụta nke metformin site na ọgwụ.A na-agbakọta Metformin na mgbidi nke ọkpọ mmiri: na obere na duodenum, afọ, yana na gland na imeju. Ndụ ọkara ahụ bụ ihe dị ka awa 6.5 Site n'iji metformin na-eme ihe, ndụ zuru oke na mmadụ nwere ahụike dị ihe dịka 50-60%. Obere nkebi na protein protein. N'iji tubular secretion na glomerular filtration, akụrụ ya gafere site na 20 ruo 30% nke nchịkwa enyere aka (anaghị agbanwe agbanwe, n'ihi na, n'adịghị ka a ga-eme ya, ọ bụghị metabolized). N'ihe banyere ọrụ akụrụ na-emebi emebi, mkpụkọ akwara na-agbadata n'ike ya na njigide nke creatinine, ya mere, ịta ụta plasma na ọkara ndụ metformin na-abawanye n'ahụ ahụ, nke nwere ike ibute oke nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ahụ.

Kedu ihe kpatara metformin anaghị enyere aka

Mgbe ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa na-eme mkpesa na ọgwụ enyere ha ọgwụ anaghị enyere aka, ya bụ, anaghị anagide ọrụ ya bụ isi - glucose glucose na-ebu ọnụ. Nke a nwere ike ime n'ọtụtụ ihe. N’okpuru ebe a, edepụtara m ihe kpatara metformin enweghị ike ịnyere aka.

Metformin ekwenyeghi maka egosi
Izu oke
Ọgwụ Ọgwụ
Ọdịghị nri mgbe ị na-ewere metformin
Ọnụọgụ mmadụ dị iche iche

Mgbe ụfọdụ o zuru ezu iji dozie inwe mmejọ n'ihe iwere yana iwelata shuga agaghị eme ka ị chere.

Mmekọrịta na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ

N'oge a na-eji metformin na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ mejupụtara, a na-emeghachi omume kemịkal n'etiti mmiri nke ọgwụ ndị ahụ, nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu ma ọ bụ belata mmetụta dị ala nke metformin.

Yabụ, iji metformin na danazole n'otu oge na-eduga n'ịba ụba shuga dị elu. Iji kpachara anya, ịkwesịrị iji chlorpromazine, nke na-ebelata ntọhapụ nke insulin, si otú ahụ na-abawanye glycemia.

Ohere inweta mmụba na nrụda shuga na-apụta mgbe a na-eri ya:

Glucocorticosteroids (GCS).
Sympathomimetics.
Ihe mgbochi maka ihe eji eme ya.
Epinofrina.
Mmeghe nke glucagon.
Homonụ thyroid.
Nchịkwa nke phenothiazone.
Loop diuretics na thiazides.
Nri Nicotinic acid.

Iji ọgwụgwọ cimetidine nwere ike ibute mmepe nke lactic acidosis. Ojiji nke metformin, n'aka nke ya, na-ebelata mmetụta nke anticoagulants.

Generallyụ mmanya na-aba n'anya na-egbochi ihe ọ contraụ whenụ na-eji metformin eme ihe. Xxụ mmanya nwere calorie na nri na-adịghị edozi, ụkọ ma ọ bụ imeju akwara na-eduga n'ịbepụta acidicis lactic.

Ya mere, n'oge ọgwụgwọ na metformin, ndị ọrịa kwesịrị inyocha ọrụ nke akụrụ. Iji mee nke a, ha kwesịrị ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro abụọ n’afọ iji mụọ gbasara ịgwọ ọrịa lactate na plasma. Ọ dịkwa mkpa iji nyocha maka ọdịnaya nke creatinine n'ime ọbara.

Ọ bụrụ na achọtara onye ọrịa ahụ ọrịa na-efe efe bronchopulmonary ma ọ bụ ọrịa na-efe efe nke usoro mkpụrụ ndụ, a ga-aghọrọ onye ọkachamara ngwa ngwa.

Njikọ nke metformin yana ọgwụ shuga ndị ọzọ, dị ka insulin injections na sulfonylureas, na-eduga mgbe ụfọdụ na mbelata. E kwesiri ịtụle ihe omume a maka ndị ọrịa na-anya ụgbọala ma ọ bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya. May nwere ike ịhapụ ọrụ dị egwu dị ugbu a n'oge ọgwụgwọ.

Na-ekwekọghị n'ụdị ethanol, loop diuretics, ndị na-enwe radioineine nwere iodine nwere mmiri, ebe ọ na-abawanye n'ihe ize ndụ nke lactic acidosis, ọkachasị n'ihe ụnwụ nri ma ọ bụ obere kalori. N'oge a na-eji metformin, a ga-ezere mmanya na-egbu egbu na-egbu egbu.

Jiri nlezianya jiri ya na ọgwụ anticoagulants na-adịghị mma na cimetidine.Nchịkwa nke Sulfonylurea, insulin, acarbose, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOs), oxytetracycline, angiotensin na-agbanwe enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, clofibrate, cyclophosphamide na salicylates na-eme ka mmetụta nke metformin gbanwee.

Site na iji glucocorticosteroids, ọgwụ mgbochi ọnụ a na-ejikọ ọnụ, epinephrine, glucagon, homonụ thyroid, ọgwụ phenothiazine, nicotinic acid, thiazide diuretics, mbelata mmetụta nke metformin ga-ekwe omume.

Nifedipine na-akwalite mmịpụta, C max, na-ebelata excretion.

Ihe anakpo Cationic (amiloride, digoxin, morphine, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, ranitidine, triamteren na vancomycin) na-asọ mpi maka usoro ebugharị tubular ma, site na usoro ọgwụgwọ ogologo oge, nwere ike ịbawanye C max site na 60%.

Metformin bụ ọgwụ biguanide nke eji eme ihe n'ọgwụgwọ ụdị shuga 2.

Ihe kachasị na ọgwụ ahụ bụ Metroformin hydrochloride, silicon dioxide, povidone, magnesium stearate, macrogol dị ka ihe inyeaka.

A na-eji ọgwụ ahụ arụ ọrụ iji belata shuga ọbara. N'otu oge, mbelata ihe ngosipụta na-apụta ọ bụghị naanị mgbe isi nri gasịrị, kamakwa na-enye gị ohere iwetulata ọkwa ala. Akụkụ ndị dị mkpa nke mbadamba nkume ahụ na-enye gị ohere ịchịkwa mmepụta insulin site na pancreas, nke na-emetụta anụ ahụ n'ụzọ dị mma ma ghara ịkpalite mmepe nke hypoglycemia. Na mgbakwunye, n'etiti mmetụta dị mma gụnyere:

neutralization nke hyperinsulinomia,
na-enye aka ịbelata ibu,
na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa ndị na - emepe emepe nke obi,
ọma na-emetụta lipid metabolism na ahụ,
na-eme ka ihe ezumike dichasi ike,
na-ebelata ọkwa dị elu nke cholesterol ọjọọ,
na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa angiopathy,
na-ebelata triglycerides.

A na-a oụ ọgwụ ahụ ọnụ, mgbe nke a gasịrị awa abụọ ruo atọ ka ọrụ ya kacha amalite ịpụta. Ihe dị ka awa isii mgbe ị theụsịrị ọgwụ ahụ, ịta ahụ nke plasma nke metformin na-ebelata, ebe ọ bụ na ịnakwụnye akụkụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na-akwụsị.

Mgbe ị na-a treatmentụ ọgwụ a mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gasịrị, ị nwere ike ịhụ ọnụnọ ya mgbe niile n'ọbara obere obere.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ịka nká na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọtụtụ ụdị ọrịa kansa na ụmụ oke na oke, yana na-egbochi mmepe nke etuto ahụ na nnwale na ọdịnala mmadụ na nke akwara mmadụ.

Njikọ nke metformin na aspirin na-egbochi uto nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na-egbochi iwepu protein protein Mcl-1 na Bcl-2 (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056043). Caspases bụ enzymes ndị nwụrụ anwụ bụ ihe kpatara ọnwụ mkpụrụ ndụ.

Njikọ nke metformin na ọgwụ aspirin na-egbochi nnọọ uto mkpụrụ ndụ akwara nke ọma site na ịgbalite caspse-3 (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056043) Metformin belata TNF alfa (www.ncbi.nlm.nih).

gov / pubmed / 24009539) STAT3 (onye na - eme mgbanwe na onye na - eme mgbazi nke transperent 3) - protein dị mma na onye na - eme ihe na - emegharị ihe sitere na ezinụlọ nke STAT. Metformin na - egbochi STAT3 n'ụzọ dị mma ma nwee ike igbochi ọnọdụ nke ọrịa cancer akpa nwa na squamous cell carcinoma nke esophagus (www.ncbi.nlm.nih).

gov / pubmed / 26245871) (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24577086) Tyrosine kinase 2 bụ enzyme nke etinye aka na IL-6, IL-10 na IL-12 sign. Nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na mgbochi mgbochi.

Mgbanwe na mkpụrụ ndụ TYK2 nwere njikọ na Een hyperimmunoglobulin syndrome (HIES), ihe mgbochi immunodeficiency nke ejiri elu immunoglobulin E (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase_2) Metformin gbochie uto ọrịa kansa prostate site na ibelata Tyrosine kinase 2. ncbi.nlm.nih.

gov / pubmed / 26721779) Ọkpụkpụ na oke of-catenin na-emetụta ọtụtụ ụdị ọrịa kansa, gụnyere hepatocellular carcinoma, cancer colorectal, kansa kansa, ara, ovaries na endometrial cancer. https: //en.wikipedia.

org / wiki / Beta-catenin Metformin dose-based dependence β-catenin in cancer ara (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035400) PPAR-γ - Peroxisome proliferator-activates gamma gamma.PPAR-γ na-edozi metabolism abụba na nchekwa glucose.

Mpeji PPAR-γ nwere oke adịghị enwe anụ ahụ mgbe nri nri nwere nnukwu abụba. Ọtụtụ ọgwụ insulin na-achọpụta ọgwụ ndị a na-eji na-agwọ ọrịa shuga mellitus na-arụ ọrụ PPAR-γ, na-ebelata glucose ọbara na-enweghị ịba ụba insulin pensụl. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_gamma)

cancer squamous cell (80% nke ikpe), cancer colorectal, glioblastoma, isi na olu. Protein a na - etinye aka na 30% nke ọrịa cancer niile (etuto nke anụ ahụ epithelial) Metformin na - egbochi EGFR na glioblastoma www.ncbi.nlm.nih.

gov / pubmed / 21766499 Kinase AKT1 bụ enzyme nke PI3K / AKT ụzọ na - etinye aka na nhazi nke ịgbatị mkpụrụ ndụ, uto na nlanarị. A na-elebara anya nke ukwuu maka ọmụmụ nke enzyme a n'ihi eziokwu ahụ ọ na-eme dị ka oncogen n'ọtụtụ ọrịa ọjọọ https: //en.wikipedia.

org / wiki / Protein_kinase_B Metformin na-ebelata AKT1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890675 Metformin belatara ihe ọghọm oncology na ndụ ogologo oge site na ibelata ọnọdụ nke ọtụtụ ụdị ọrịa kansa na ụdị ajọ ọrịa na-emetụtakarị ọrịa kansa dị iche iche (lee anya na ekpe) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3906334

Metformin bụ ọgwụ ga - ekwe omume maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo na-arịa ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga.

Ka ha na nká, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke na-arịa oruru n'ihi atherosclerosis nke arịa ọbara. Metformin ọgwụ ochie na-eme ka akwara dị na ụmụ oke ma si otú a na-agwọ enweghị ike, bụ nke na-ebilite n'ihi vaskụla atherosclerosis.

Nke a bụkwa ihe na - ebutekarị adịghị ike. Naanị usoro metformin bụ nwayọ nwayọ - ka enwere usoro ọgwụgwọ. Ndi okacha amara nke America sitere na Mahadum Georgia gosiputara na ogwugwo maka metformin agadi nwere ike ime ka akwara obara nke na ebu n’aru.

Metformin na-ebelata ọkwa nke ihe nrịbama ọrịa ma belata nkwonkwo nkwonkwo na ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus.

Njikọ na isi mmalite data:

Metformin belata enzymes imeju dị elu ma nwee ike ịgwọ ọrịa imeju na-adịghị egbu egbu (NAFLD) na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus.

Ugboro ole ka ị na-anụ ka metformin "na-akụ umeji." Ma usoro nyocha nke ụlọ ọgwụ na-egosi na, na-atụle mmetụta metabolic na profaịlụ nchekwa dị mma, metformin yiri ọgwụ na-ekwe nkwa na ọgwụgwọ nke NAFLD, karịsịa na ndị ọrịa nwere akụkụ nke metabolic syndrome.

Usoro nke metformin

Ihe kachasị mkpa nke metformin bụ ịkwụsịlata mmepụta glucose umeji.

Metformin na-eme ka ntọhapụ nke enzyme imeju AMPK, nke na-ahụ maka metabolism nke glucose na abụba. Nmebe a na - eduga n’ibelata mmepụta glucose n’imeju. Nke ahụ bụ, glucose ngafe n'ihi metformin etoliteghị.

Na mgbakwunye, metformin na-eme ka mmadụ nwekwuo mmetụta na insulin nke ya ma na-eme ka mgbakwunye glucose na-agbatị onwe ya (na-eji insulin, a na-enyefe glucose na mkpụrụ ndụ niile ma ghọọ isi iyi), na-eme ka ọ bụrụ abụba acid, ma na-ebelata nnabata glucose na eriri afọ.

Oge igbu oge na nnabata nke glucose na eriri afọ site na metformin na - enyere aka belata ọkwa glucose ọbara dị ala mgbe ị risịrị nri, yana ịbawanye nnabata nke mkpụrụ ndụ lekwasịrị anya na insulin nke ha.

Mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ gasịrị, a na-etinye metformin na eriri afọ, mmetụta ya na-arụ ọrụ na-amalite mgbe awa 2.5 gachara. Na akụrụngwa na - ekepụta akụrụ ya ka ọ gachara awa 9-12. Okwesiri iburu n'uche na metformin nwere ike iru ike, akwara na akwara.

Ojiji nke metformin na-amalite site na oriri nke 500-850 mg ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị mgbe ma ọ bụ mgbe nri gasịrị. Mmụba nke iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na - eme ihe ọzọ dabere na nsonaazụ nke glucose ọbara.

Ogo mmezi nke metformin na-abụkarị 1500-2000 mg / ụbọchị.

Iji belata nsonaazụ n’akuku eriri afọ, a na-ekezi ihe ubọchị kwa ụbọchị ka ọ bụrụ 2-3. Oke kachasị kwa ụbọchị nke 3000 mg / ụbọchị, kewara 3 doses.

Ọgwụ mbụ nke metformin bụ French Glucophage.

Jenerik nke Glucophage: Metformin nke ụlọ ọrụ Ozone (Russia), Siofor, wdg.

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, iji belata nsonaazụ metformin (eriri afọ) ma melite ogo ndụ ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị shuga 2 na France, metformin na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge wee wepụta ya n'okpuru aha Glucofage Long site na iji nwayọ nwayọ nke metformin na-arụ ọrụ. Enwere ike iwere ogologo oge glucophage otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị, nke, n'ezie, kachasị adabara ndị ọrịa.

Ntinye nke metformin dị ogologo bụ na eriri afọ nke elu.

Ihe nke ihe a bu n’obi igbochi usoro gluconeogenesis nke na-eme n’ime imeju. Mgbe mmepụta glucose n’ime anụ ahụ belatara, ọkwa ọbara ya na-ebelata. Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na n'ime ndị ọrịa mamịrị, ọnụego glucose na imeju karịrị akarị ugboro atọ ụkpụrụ.

N'ime imeju enwere enzyme akpọrọ AMP-protein protein kinase (AMPK), nke na-arụ ọrụ bụ isi na nrịba insulin, metabolism nke abụba na glucose yana yana nguzozi ike. Metformin na-eme ka AMPK na-egbochi mmepụta glucose.

Na mgbakwunye na igbochi usoro gluconeogenesis, metformin na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ya bụ:

na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ nwee obi uto ya na sel ya na homonụ na-ebute shuga,
na - eme ka glucose na - abawanye site na mkpụrụ ndụ,
na - eduga n'ịba ụba oxidation nke ọdụdụ abụba,
na -echeta ịmịkọrọ glukos site na ngọngọ diges.

Drugakingụ ọgwụ ahụ na-enyere aka belata oke ibu na ndị mmadụ. Metformin na - agbada cholesterol ọbara, TG na LDL cholesterol na afọ efu. N'otu oge, ọ naghị agbanwe ego nke lipoproteins nke ihe ndị ọzọ.

Mgbe onye ọrịa drinksụchara mbadamba metformin, ọkwa ọbara ya ga-abawanye n'ime awa 1-3 wee bido ime ihe. Ọgwụ na-etinye obi gị dum ngwa ngwa na eriri afọ.

Metformin na - eme ka ihe nzuzo nke hepatic enzyme AMP na - arụ ọrụ protein kinase (AMPK), nke na - ahụ maka metabolism nke glucose na abụba. Ime ka AMPK rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa maka mmetụta inhibitory nke metformin na gluconeogenesis na imeju.

Na mgbakwunye na igbochi usoro gluconeogenesis na imeju, metformin na-eme ka ahụrụ anụ ahụ dị na insulin, na-abawanye mgbakwunye glucose, na-eme ka ọzịza nke ọdụdụ ahụ ghara, ma na-ebelata nnabata nke glucose na eriri afọ.

N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, mgbe nri gafere oke nri nke carbohydrates na-abanye n'ahụ ahụ, a na-amalite inyocha insulin na-egbochi ahụ ime ka ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara nwee ike.

A na-agbari Carbohydrates dị na nri ma banye n’ime eriri afọ ma ghọọ glucose, bụ́ nke na-abanye n’ọbara. Site n'enyemaka nke insulin, a na-enyefe ya niime ụlọnga wee bụrụ maka ume.

Imeju na akwara nwere ike ịchekwa glucose gabigara ókè, ma na-emekwa ka ọ dịrị mfe ịbanye n'ọbara ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ya na hypoglycemia, na mgbatị anụ ahụ). Na mgbakwunye, imeju nwere ike ịchekwa glucose site na nri ndị ọzọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na abụba na amino acid (ụlọ mgbochi nke protein).

Mmetụta kachasị mkpa nke metformin bụ mgbochi (mgbochi) nke imeju glucose site na umeji, nke bụ ụdị maka ụdị shuga 2.

A na-egosipụta mmetụta ọgwụ ahụ na-egbu oge ịnwe glucose na eriri afọ, nke na-enye ohere ịnweta ọkwa glucose dị ala mgbe nri gasịrị (ọkwa ọbara ọbara postprandial), yana iwelie mmetụta nke sel ka insulin (mkpụrụ ndụ ebumnuche na-amalite imeghachi ngwa ngwa na insulin, nke eweputara n’oge mmuputa mmanu).

Mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ gachara, a na-etinye mbadamba metformin n’ime eriri afọ. Ọrụ nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-amalite awa 2,5 mgbe nchịkwa gachara ma awa 9 ruo awa 12 ruo akụrụ ga-ewepụ ya. Metformin nwere ike ịchịkọta umeji, akụrụ na akwara anụ ahụ.

Na mbido ọgwụgwọ, a na-enyekarị metformin ihe ugboro abụọ rue atọ n'ụbọchị tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe nri gachara, 500-850 mg ọ bụla. Mgbe emechara ubochi iri nke iri itoolu itoolu, a na-enyocha ịdị irè ya na shuga n'ọbara na, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a na-abawanye ọnụọgụ ahụ n'okpuru nlekọta dọkịta. Enwere ike ịbawanye dose nke metformin na 3000 mg. kwa ụbọchị, kewara 3 doses.

Ntụziaka pụrụ iche maka iji ya na nyocha ndị ọrịa

Dịka ọgwụ ọ bụla, metformin nwere nkuzi nke ya. Egosiri m akwụkwọ a n'ụzọ kachasị ewu ewu, ka i wee nwee ike ịghọta etu ọgwụ a si arụ ọrụ. Ka anyi bido site na mbu ma tugharia ajụjụ banyere ihe metformin n’arụ, ma ọ bụrụ n’okwu sayensị, mgbe ahụ ọgwụ ọgwụ, ike na ọgwụ ọgwụ, mana naanị ka ọ dị mfe.

Usoro nke Metformin dị oke mkpa na nyocha mkpokọta ndepụta nke ihe ndị gosiri.

Dịka ntuziaka ahụ si dị, a na-eji ọgwụ ahụ agwọ ọrịa shuga nke 2, yana iji gbochie ọrịa a.

Edere mbadamba shuga dị na Metformin maka ndị nọ n'afọ ndụ niile, gụnyere ụmụaka ndị gbara afọ 10.

N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịkwado ya na mbụ.

Tupu iji Metformin, ịkwesịrị ịma ụdị ọgbụgba na-eji ya.

N'okwu a, ọ ka mma ịgbaso ndụmọdụ nke dọkịta nke depụtara usoro ọgwụgwọ a, na-eburu n'uche njirimara onye ọrịa ọ bụla.

Ihe ngosi maka ideputa ogwu bu:

ụdị 1 na ụdị ọrịa shuga 2
ọrịa shuga (ọnọdụ dị n'etiti),
oke ibu na nnabata insulin,
Ọrịa ovopolycystic,
metabolic syndrome
n’egwuregwu
igbochi ịka nká.

N'agbanyeghi otutu ahihia nke ichoro inu mmanya n’ime Metformin, ana ewere ya ya dika oria nke abuo. N'ime ụdị ọrịa mbụ, a na-eji ọgwụ a eme ihe na-enweghị atụ, kachasị dị ka njikọta na insulin na-agwọ ọrịa.

Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ egosila na ka ị takingụ ọgwụ insulin otu oge na inje insulin, mkpa maka homonụ belatara ihe dịka 25-50%. Ọzọkwa, mgbe iji ọgwụ ọgwụ were ogologo oge, ụgwọ ọrụ nke carbohydrate metabolism na-aka mma. A na-ejikwa ya na ụdị ọrịa shuga nke abụọ, nke chọrọ ntụtụ insulin.

N'ime ụdị ọrịa nke abụọ, a na-enye Metformin iwu n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla. N'oge ọgwụgwọ monotherapy, usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ka abawanye nwayọ. Yabụ, na mbụ ka enyere ya ohere iji 1 mbadamba ụbọchi (500 ma ọ bụ 850 mg).

Ka oge na-aga, ị canụ ọgwụ nwere ike ịbawanye elu site n'ịgakwuru dọkịta tupu nke ahụ. Oke kachasị maka ya kwa ụbọchị ekwesịghị ịfe 2.5 mg, ya bụ, onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ike were mbadamba 2-3 kwa ụbọchị. Mgbe izu abụọ gasị, metabolism metabolism na-amalite ịlaghachi na nkịtị. Mgbe ọ nwatasịrị ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara nkịtị, a pụrụ ibelata usoro ahụ ị ga-eji nwayọ belata.

Nchikota nke ogwu Metformin na sulfonylurea nwere ike imeputa ihe di nkpa. Mana ahụ mmadụ nwere ngwa ngwa i usedụ ụdị ọgwụ a. Ya mere, monotherapy na Metformin nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide.

Ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa mamịrị nwere ụdị ọrịa nke abụọ buru oke ibu ma ọ bụ buru oke ibu.

N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú a, iji ọgwụ Metformin nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị mma na mbelata oke nke onye ọrịa. Ma ka ọ ghara imerụ ahụ nke ya, onye ọrịa mamịrị kwesịrị ịgbaso ndụmọdụ ndị a:

Usoro ọgwụgwọ ekwesịghị ịdị ihe karịrị ụbọchị 22.
N'ịakingụ ọgwụ, onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ibute ụzọ ndụ ya.
Theakingụ ọgwụ na nnukwu mmanya.
Usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-egbochi nri onye ọrịa.

Kwa ụbọchị, onye ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga aghaghị ịrụ ụfọdụ ọrụ anụ ahụ, ma ọ na-agba ọsọ, na-eje ije, na-egwu mmiri, volleyball, bọl na ndị ọzọ. Site na nri ị ga - ewepu ngwaahịa ndị a na - eme achịcha, achịcha, chocolate, jam, mmanụ a honeyụ, mkpụrụ osisi dị ụtọ, abụba na nri eghe.

Dọkịta nọ n’onwe ya na-ekpebi ụzọ ọ ga-esi a drugụ ọgwụ maka onye ọrịa. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ị medicationụ ọgwụ banyere onwe gị, ebe nke a nwere ike ibute nsonaazụ dị egwu. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike iji ya ndị na - adịghị oke ibu, mana ọ na - adịkarị oke.

A na-egosi ojiji nke Metformin na ọgwụgwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 nke nwere ọrụ ezigharịrị echekwara, yana ọnọdụ ọria mamịrị. Ihe ngosipụta a kapịrị ọnụ maka iji ya bụ shuga 2dị nke Abụọ, yana oke ibu.

A na-ejikwa ya dị ka akụkụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ siri ike na ọgwụgwọ nke oke ibu nke visceral.

N'oge a na-eme ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ, nyocha nke Metformin dị mma nke na mgbe ha nyochasịrị ọgwụ na-enyocha ya, na 2007 ka akwadoro ọgwụ ahụ maka omume ụmụaka maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa shuga 1, dị ka ihe jikọrọ ọgwụ insulin.

A na-ewere mbadamba Metformin nke ọma mgbe ha risịrị nri, na-a drinkingụ nnukwu mmiri. Ọgwụ nke mbụ na nke mbụ bụ 1000 mg kwa ụbọchị, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye karịa izu 1-2, a na-agbanwe uru ya n'okpuru nchịkwa nke nyocha ụlọ nyocha na ọkwa glucose dị n'ọbara.

Ogo kachasị anabata bụ 3000 mg kwa ụbọchị. Enwere ike iji ọgwụ a na-eme kwa ụbọchị n'otu oge, mana na mbido ọgwụgwọ, n'oge mmegharị ahụ, a na-atụ aro ịkewa ya n'ime usoro 2-3, nke na-enyere aka belata mmetụta n'akụkụ ọgwụ na eriri afọ.

A na-ahụta ọgwụ kachasị na plasma ọbara 2,5 awa 2.5 mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị, mgbe awa 6 gachara ọ ga-agbada. Ka ụbọchị 1-2 gachara ị regularụ ọgwụ, emeela ka itinye ọgwụ mgbe niile na ọbara, dịka nyocha si kwuo, Metformin bidoro inwe mmetụta pụtara ìhè izu abụọ mgbe mmalite nke nchịkwa.

Site n'iji Metformin na insulin jikọtara ọnụ, ọ dị mkpa ilekọta ahụike, yana nnukwu insulin n'ụlọ ọgwụ.

A na-egosi contraindications ndị a na ntuziaka Metformin:

Lactic acidosis dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ nke gara aga
Ọnọdụ precomatous
Enweghị mgbochi na akụkụ ọ bụla nke ọgwụ ahụ,
Ọrụ akụrụngwa arụrụala, yana ọrịa ọnya nwere ike ibute ụdị mmebi a.
Adrenal ezughi oke,
Imeju imeju
Ọrịa mamịrị
Ọnọdụ niile na-akpata akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ (vomiting, afọ ọsịsa) na hypoxia (ujo, ọdịda cardiopulmonary).
Alcoholism Ekwesiri iburu n’uche na obuna otu mmekorita nke Metformin na mmanya nwere ike ibute nsogbu nke ukwu.
Ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa na-efe efe na nnukwu ọrịa, yana fever,
Ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala na ngbanwe,
Nnukwu ụlọ ịwa ahụ na mmezi ahụ,
Ara

Oge ime, dị ka nwata, anaghị elele contraindication zuru oke maka ị theụ ọgwụ a, ebe ọ bụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịdebere Metformin maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa mmekpa ahụ na nke ụmụaka, na agbanyeghị, n'ọnọdụ ndị a, usoro ọgwụgwọ na-apụta kpam kpam n'okpuru nlekọta ahụike.

A na-amụ Metformin n'ọtụtụ mba: Intanet juputara n'ozi banyere ihe ọhụrụ ọhụụ achọpụtara.Yabụ, gịnị bụ ojiji nke metformin na ịdọ aka na ntị taa?

Metformin na-egbochi ma na-achịkwa ụdị ọrịa shuga 2.
Metformin anaghị ebelata shuga ozugbo ọ takingụsịrị ọgwụ nke mbụ. Omume ya na-amalite mgbe awa 2.5 gachara. Mbelata ọbara ọgbụgba dị n’ime ọbara na-apụta n’ụbọchị ole na ole - site n’ụbọchị asaa ruo ụbọchị iri na anọ.
Ọ naghị akpata hypoglycemia na usoro ọgwụgwọ, yana ịdoụbiga ya ókè - ọ dịkarịsịrị ike.
Enwere ike ijikọ Metformin na insulin, maninil, wdg.
Dr. R. Bernstein (USA) rụrụ ụka na metformin na-ebelata ohere ịba ọrịa kansa ma na-egbochi homonụ nke agụụ, si otú a na-enyere aka n'ịkwụsi ike.
Dika nyocha nke Craig Kerry si kwuo, enwere ike iji metformin mee ihe nke ọma na ọgwụgwọ dị omimi nke oncology na ọrịa obi.
Metformin na-akwalite uto nke neurons ndị ọhụrụ na ụbụrụ na ogwe azụ.
N ’ọrịa Alzheimer, ọnụ ọgụgụ akwara ndị dị na hippopatus, akụkụ nke ụbụrụ ebe ncheta ọhụrụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ahụmahụ na-egosi na iwere 1000 mg nke metformin kwa ụbọchị maka ndị na-ebu 60 n'arọ na-eme ka ikike ịmepụta ncheta ọhụrụ.
Enwere echiche na-emegide ihe na metformin n’onwe ya na-abawanye nsogbu nke dementia. Ndị nchọpụta Taiwanese nke Dr. Yichun Kuan duziri, nyochaa ọmụmụ nke ndị ọrịa 9300 nwere ọrịa shuga 2, na-enyocha mmetụta nke metformin na ìgwè ndị ọrịa na-achịkwa. Nkwubi okwu ha: ogologo oge onye ọrịa ahụ na-ewere metformin yana ọgwụ dị elu, otú ahụ ka ọ ga-enwe ike inwe dementia. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na-ajụ echiche a.
Metformin na - egbochi ọrịa usoro - otu n'ime ihe na - akpata ịka nká, na - echebe obi na arịa ọbara site na ịka nká.
Ọgwụ na-eme ka cholesterol dị ala, na-agbadata ọkwa cholesterol na-adịghị ala ala.
Metformin na - ebelata enzymu nke imeju dị elu ma nwee ike ịgwọ ọrịa imeju na - adịghị a alcoụ mmanya na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga.
Na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọnwụ site na bouquet nke ọrịa mamịrị site na 30%.
Metformin enweghị ọgwụ mgbochi zuru oke maka ọrịa nke akụrụ, imeju, na ọrịa obi na-adịghị ala ala. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị, dọkịta na-agbanwe ọgwụ ahụ, onye ọrịa ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'iji metformin. Agbanyeghị, mkpebi dọkịta na-arịa ọrịa na-emetụta obi, imeju na akụrụ nke onye ọrịa nwere ike ọ gaghị akwado ọgwụ a.
Metformin nwere ike belata ọkwa vitamin B12, yabụ mgbe ị na-eji ya, ịkwesịrị ilebara ọnụọgụ ọbara.
A na-eji ya mee ihe na-enweghị ovulation na ndị ọrịa infertility.
Metformin na-eme ka ịdị arọ ya sie ike ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ ọgwụ antipsychotic kpatara.
Enweghi ike ijikọ ya na mmanya iji zere nsogbu n'ụdị lactic acidosis (nsogbu na-egbu egbu).
Metformin bu onye ochichi nke ibu onye ogwugwo maka agadi.
A na-amụ ya dị ka ọgwụ ga-ekwe omume maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo nke ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo na ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị shuga nke 2.

Omume ọgwụ	Metformin na - eme ka nchịkwa shuga dịkwuo mma n'ahụ ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, a na - atụkwa ya oge ụfọdụ maka ụdị ọrịa shuga 1. Lowers sugar na afo efu, mgbe o risiri nri, ka oge na-aga, ọ na-eme ka nsonaazụ ọbara dị mma. Ọ na-akpali imeju imepụta glucose na-erughị ala, na-emetụtakwa ojiji nke carbohydrates na-eri nri na nri nke nri. Na-eme ka nghọta nke sel dị na insulin. Ọ naghị akpali pancreas imepụta insulin buru ibu, yabụ ọgaghị enwe ọrịa hypoglycemia.
Mlọ ọgwụ	Ọgwụ ahụ wepụtara site n’akịrị ya na mmamịrị na-agbanweghi agbanwe. Mkpokoro nke ihe nọ n'ọrụ sitere na mbadamba ụrụ ogologo oge (yana analogues) dị nwayọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere mbadamba ụrọ. N'ime ndị nwere nsogbu akụrụngwa ezighi ezi, itinye uche nke ihe na - eme ihe na plasma ọbara nwere ike ịbawanye elu, nke a adịghịkwa mma.
Ihe ngosi maka ojiji	Elldị shuga abụọ nke ọrịa mellitus, ọkachasị ndị buru oke ibu ma nwee uru anụ ahụ na - eme ka insulin (nguzogide insulin).Inweta metformin bụ naanị mmeju, mana anaghị edochi, nri na mmega ahụ. Uzo eji ogwu a maka oria oria, oria ibu na ndu ndu ka akowara nke oma na ibe a.

Omume ọgwụ	Metformin na - eme ka nchịkwa shuga dịkwuo mma n'ahụ ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, a na - atụkwa ya oge ụfọdụ maka ụdị ọrịa shuga 1. Ọ na-ebelata shuga na-ebu ọnụ mgbe ị risịrị nri, ma ka oge na-aga, ọ na-eme ka nsonaazụ ọbara dịkwuo elu maka gemoclobin HbA1C. Ọ na-akpali imeju imepụta glucose na-erughị ala, na-emetụtakwa ojiji nke carbohydrates na-eri nri na nri nke nri. Na-eme ka nghọta nke sel dị na insulin. Ọ naghị akpali pancreas imepụta insulin buru ibu, yabụ ọgaghị enwe ọrịa hypoglycemia.
Mlọ ọgwụ	Ọgwụ ahụ wepụtara site n’akịrị ya na mmamịrị na-agbanweghi agbanwe. Mkpochapu ihe na-arụ ọrụ na mbadamba nkume nke ogologo oge (Glucofage Long na analogues) dị nwayọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere mbadamba. N'ime ndị nwere nsogbu akụrụngwa ezighi ezi, itinye uche nke ihe na - eme ihe na plasma ọbara nwere ike ịbawanye elu, nke a adịghịkwa mma.
Ihe ngosi maka ojiji	Elldị shuga abụọ nke ọrịa mellitus, ọkachasị ndị buru oke ibu ma nwee uru anụ ahụ na - eme ka insulin (nguzogide insulin). Inweta metformin bụ naanị mmeju, mana anaghị edochi, nri na mmega ahụ. Uzo eji ogwu a maka oria oria, oria ibu na ndu ndu ka akowara nke oma na ibe a.

Ihe ngbanwe

Ọrịa shuga na-adịghị mma nke nwere ketoacidosis, ọrịa shuga. Okpu ezinaụlọ akụrụngwa - ọnụego mkpokọ ọnụ (GFR) n'okpuru 45 ml / min, ọbara creatinine dị elu karịa 132 μmol / L n'ime ụmụ nwoke, karịa 141 μmol / L na ụmụ nwanyị. Imeju imeju. Ọrịa na-efe efe. Aụrụma ma ọ bụ mmanya na-egbu egbu. Akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ

Ntụziaka pụrụ iche

Ekwesịrị ịkwụsị Metformin awa 48 tupu ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ radiopaque. Ikwesiri imata banyere lactic acidosis - nsogbu siri ike nke pH ọbara dị n’usoro nke 7.37-7.43 dara na 7.25 ma ọ bụ belata. Ihe omuma ya: adighi ike, ahu ime, ume iku ume, inochi, ekpukpo. Ihe ọghọm nke nsogbu a bụ ihe efu, ma e wezụga ndị na-a theụ ọgwụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na enwere contraindications ma ọ bụ gafere usoro ọgwụ a tụrụ aro kwa ụbọchị.

Gosiputa shuga gi ma obu hota okike maka aro

Gosi afọ nke nwoke

Gosi afọ nke nwanyị

Usoro onunu ogwu

A na-atụ aro ka ịmalite ọgwụgwọ site na iji usoro ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị nke 500-850 mg ma jiri nwayọ bulie ya ruo ogo 2550 mg, mbadamba 850 mg atọ. Maka mbadamba mbadamba, ọgwụ kachasị kwa ụbọchị bụ 2000 mg. Usoro ịba ụba na-abawanye ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ enweghị nnukwu mmetụta ọ bụla, ọ karịrị otu ugboro n'izu, ma ọ bụ ọ bụla kwa ụbọchị 10-15. Mpempe mbupute ebupute na-ewere oge 1 kwa ụbọchị n’abalị. Mbadamba ụbọchị ịre nri ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị.

Nsonaazụ

Ndị ọrịa na-eme mkpesa mgbe niile nke afọ ọsịsa, ọgbụgbọ, agụụ, na imebi mmetụta ụtọ. Ihe ndị a abụghị nsogbu ndị dị ize ndụ na-ahapụkarị onwe ha ụbọchị ole na ole. Iji mee ka ha dị mfe, bido na 500 mg ma ọsọ ọsọ ịbawanye ọgwụ a kwa ụbọchị. Nke ka njọ ma ọ bụrụ na itching, ihe ọkụ ọkụ, na ọ bụghị naanị digestive iwe na-apụta. Metformin adịghị emetụta oriri nke vitamin B12 nke nri.

Ime na inye nwa ara	A na - egbochi contraform n'ime afọ ime yana n'oge a na - enye nwa ara, maka na ọ na - agafe Plasenta na n'ime mmiri ara. Ejighị ya agwọ ọrịa shuga. N’aka nke ọzọ, iji ọgwụ a maka PCOS adịghị mma ma dị irè. Ọ bụrụ n ’emesịa mata na ị dị ime, ma na-aga n’ihu - ọ dị mma. You nwere ike ịmụ edemede na Russian banyere nke a.
Mmekọrịta na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ	Usejụ ị diabetesụ ọgwụ na-emerụ ahụ, ejila metformin mee ha.Imekota insulin nwere ike bute suga shuga di ala. Enwere ike inwe mmekọrịta dị mma na ọgwụ maka ọbara mgbali elu na nkụchi obi. Ihe ize ndụ ha adịghị elu. Gụọ ntuziaka gọọmentị maka iji ya na ngwugwu yana ọgwụ ahụ maka nkọwa.
Dodoụbiga ya ókè	A kọwapụtatụrụla ikpe karịrị iji otu 50 g nke ọgwụ ahụ ma ọ bụ karịa. Ohere nwere ike ịda n'ọbara shuga dị ala, mana ihe ọghọm nke lactic acidosis bụ ihe dịka 32%. Achọrọ ụlọ ọgwụ ngwa ngwa. O kwere omume iji usoro iji mee ka ikpochapu ọgwụ ọjọọ dị na ahụ ngwa ngwa.
Mwepụta weputara, ọnọdụ na usoro nchekwa	Mbadamba nwere 500, 850 ma ọ bụ 1000 mg nke ihe eji eme ihe. Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ọgwụ a ka ọ ghara iru ụmụaka ruru ala na-erughi 25 Celsius. Ndụ shelf bụ afọ atọ ma ọ bụ ise.

Kekọrịta na netwọk mmekọrịta

Kedu nri na - agbanwe mejupụtara ọbara, ihe oriri nke 9 nwere nnukwu ọbara nri Kedu nri na - akpalite.

Isiokwu Isiokwu Ntinye shuga ma choo ifelata kalori sugar, erughi ya.

Peculiarities nke PreventionPevzner Diet Nke 5 maka isi ihe dị mkpa Pancreatitis

Kedu ihe kpatara enwere shuga dị ala Ọ bụrụ na ị naghị agwọ shuga dị elu, mgbe ahụ ọ na-akpata nnukwu na.

Nsogbu banyere ọbara mgbali okpokoro ọgbụgba, olee otú ọbara ọgbụgba si arụ ọrụ?

Ofzọ nke ngwa

Ntinye ọgwụ a site n'aka ndị agadi bụ naanị iburu n'uche data nke nleba anya na arụ ọrụ akụrụ.
A na-ahụ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ zuru oke ka izu abụọ gachara ị .ụ ọgwụ ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị gị mkpa ịga Metformin ya na onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ hypoglycemic ọzọ, mgbe ahụ, ekwesịrị ịkwụsị ọgwụ ndị gara aga, wee malite usoro ọgwụgwọ na Metformin n'ime usoro a tụrụ aro ya.

Site na njikọta insulin na Metformin, a naghị agbanwe usoro onunu insulin n'ime ụbọchị 4-6 mbụ. N'ọdịnihu, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a na-eji nwayọ belata ọgwụ insulin - ụbọchị ole na ole sochirinụ 4-8 IU. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa na-enweta ihe karịrị 40 IU nke insulin kwa ụbọchị, mgbe ahụ, a na -ebelata mbelata oge a na-eji Metformin eme ihe naanị n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ chọrọ nlekọta dị ukwuu.

Usoro ejiri mara metformin

Ihe kachasị mkpa nke metformin bụ ịkwụsịlata mmepụta glucose umeji.

Oge igbu oge na nnabata nke glucose na eriri afọ site na metformin na - enyere aka belata ọkwa glucose ọbara dị ala mgbe ị risịrị nri, yana ịbawanye nnabata nke mkpụrụ ndụ lekwasịrị anya na insulin nke ha. Ngwongwo nke metformin a na-enye ya ohere iji ya n’oria - iji gbochie oria shuga nke nwere udiri ya.

Mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ gasịrị, a na-etinye metformin na eriri afọ, mmetụta ya na-arụ ọrụ na-amalite mgbe awa 2.5 gachara. Na akụrụngwa na - ekepụta akụrụ ya ka ọ gachara awa 9-12. Okwesiri iburu n’obi na metformin nwere ike ịchịkọta umeji, akụrụ na akwara.

Ogo mmezi nke metformin na-abụkarị 1500-2000 mg / ụbọchị.

Iji belata nsonaazụ n’akuku eriri afọ, a na-ekezi ihe ubọchị kwa ụbọchị ka ọ bụrụ 2-3.Oke kachasị kwa ụbọchị nke 3000 mg / ụbọchị, kewara 3 doses.

Ọgwụ mbụ nke metformin bụ French Glucophage.

Jenerik nke Glucophage: Metformin nke ụlọ ọrụ Ozone (Russia), Siofor, wdg.

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, iji belata nsonaazụ metformin (eriri afọ) ma melite ogo ndụ ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị shuga 2 na France, metformin na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge wee wepụta ya n'okpuru aha Glucofage Long site na iji nwayọ nwayọ nke metformin na-arụ ọrụ. Enwere ike iwere ogologo oge glucophage otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị, nke, n'ezie, kachasị adabara ndị ọrịa.

Ntinye nke metformin dị ogologo bụ na eriri afọ nke elu.

Mmetụta akụkụ nke metformin

Site n'iji metformin ruo ogologo oge, enwere ike ịhụbelata mgbakwunye nke vitamin B12. Ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara anaemia megablastic, nchịkwa intramuscular ọzọ nke vitamin B12 dị mkpa.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, nsogbu na eriri afọ na-ewere ọnọdụ (ọgbụgbọ, vomiting, afọ ọsịsa (afọ ọsịsa), ịmịcha ahụ, mgbu afọ, mgbanwe nke uto, agụụ. N'okwu a, a ga-eji metformin were nri were belata mgbakasị afọ.
Site n'iji ogologo oge, yana mgbe ị na-ewere metformin na nnukwu ịsesụ mmanya, lactic acidosis nwere ike ịpụta - oke lactic acid n'ime ọbara, nke nwere ike itinye ndụ onye ọrịa n'ihe egwu. Ọ na --emekarị oge mgbe enwere oke mejupụtara nke metformin yana na ndị ọrịa nwere ọdịda akwara.
Mmeghachi omume anụ ahụ na - adịkarị obere - erythema, ihe ngbu, itchy dermatoses.
N’adịghị anya, ọrịa imeju, ọrịa ịba ọcha n’anya, na-apụ n’anya mgbe akagbuo ọgwụ.

A na-eji Metformin mee ihe naanị dị ka dọkịta si kwuo, oge ezumike ya bụ naanị ọgwụ.

Ngwongwo di iche na iji metformin ohuru

A na-amụ Metformin n'ọtụtụ mba: Intanet juputara n'ozi banyere ihe ọhụrụ ọhụụ achọpụtara. Yabụ, gịnị bụ ojiji nke metformin na ịdọ aka na ntị taa?

Metformin na-egbochi ma na-achịkwa ụdị ọrịa shuga 2.
Metformin anaghị ebelata shuga ozugbo ọ takingụsịrị ọgwụ nke mbụ. Omume ya na-amalite mgbe awa 2.5 gachara. Mbelata ọbara ọgbụgba dị n’ime ọbara na-apụta n’ụbọchị ole na ole - site n’ụbọchị asaa ruo ụbọchị iri na anọ.
Ọ naghị akpata hypoglycemia na usoro ọgwụgwọ, yana ịdoụbiga ya ókè - ọ dịkarịsịrị ike.
Enwere ike ijikọ Metformin na insulin, maninil, wdg.
Dr. R. Bernstein (USA) rụrụ ụka na metformin na-ebelata ohere ịba ọrịa kansa ma na-egbochi homonụ nke agụụ, si otú a na-enyere aka n'ịkwụsi ike.
Dika nyocha nke Craig Kerry si kwuo, enwere ike iji metformin mee ihe nke ọma na ọgwụgwọ dị omimi nke oncology na ọrịa obi.
Metformin na-akwalite uto nke neurons ndị ọhụrụ na ụbụrụ na ogwe azụ.
N ’ọrịa Alzheimer, ọnụ ọgụgụ akwara ndị dị na hippopatus, akụkụ nke ụbụrụ ebe ncheta ọhụrụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ahụmahụ na-egosi na iwere 1000 mg nke metformin kwa ụbọchị maka ndị na-ebu 60 n'arọ na-eme ka ikike ịmepụta ncheta ọhụrụ.
Enwere echiche na-emegide ihe na metformin n’onwe ya na-abawanye nsogbu nke dementia. Ndị nchọpụta Taiwanese nke Dr. Yichun Kuan duziri, nyochaa ọmụmụ nke ndị ọrịa 9300 nwere ọrịa shuga 2, na-enyocha mmetụta nke metformin na ìgwè ndị ọrịa na-achịkwa. Nkwubi okwu ha: ogologo oge onye ọrịa ahụ na-ewere metformin yana ọgwụ dị elu, otú ahụ ka ọ ga-enwe ike inwe dementia. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na-ajụ echiche a.
Metformin na - egbochi ọrịa usoro - otu n'ime ihe na - akpata ịka nká, na - echebe obi na arịa ọbara site na ịka nká.
Ọgwụ na-eme ka cholesterol dị ala, na-agbadata ọkwa cholesterol na-adịghị ala ala.
Metformin na - ebelata enzymu nke imeju dị elu ma nwee ike ịgwọ ọrịa imeju na - adịghị a alcoụ mmanya na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga.
Na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọnwụ site na bouquet nke ọrịa mamịrị site na 30%.
Metformin enweghị ọgwụ mgbochi zuru oke maka ọrịa nke akụrụ, imeju, na ọrịa obi na-adịghị ala ala. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị, dọkịta na-agbanwe ọgwụ ahụ, onye ọrịa ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'iji metformin. Agbanyeghị, mkpebi dọkịta na-arịa ọrịa na-emetụta obi, imeju na akụrụ nke onye ọrịa nwere ike ọ gaghị akwado ọgwụ a.
Metformin nwere ike belata ọkwa vitamin B12, yabụ mgbe ị na-eji ya, ịkwesịrị ilebara ọnụọgụ ọbara.
A na-eji ya mee ihe na-enweghị ovulation na ndị ọrịa infertility.
Metformin na-eme ka ịdị arọ ya sie ike ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ ọgwụ antipsychotic kpatara.
Enweghi ike ijikọ ya na mmanya iji zere nsogbu n'ụdị lactic acidosis (nsogbu na-egbu egbu).
Metformin bu onye ochichi nke ibu onye ogwugwo maka agadi.
A na-amụ ya dị ka ọgwụ ga-ekwe omume maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo nke ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo na ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị shuga nke 2.

Site na listi a, a na-egosipụta ojiji ọhụrụ nke metformin (belụsọ maka ụdị ọrịa shuga 2) nke ndị sayensị nyochara. Maka ikpe nkwụmọtọ, ekwesịrị ikwu na ọtụtụ ihe ngosipụta ọhụrụ ndị a maka iji arụ ọrụ agbagbuola ọrụ nke ndị nchọpụta ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, ndị ọkachamara ka na-arụ ụka ma Metformin belata ibu ma ọ bụ na ọ belata. Worksfọdụ ọrụ na-egosi mmụba nke tovu nke ọma na metformin, ebe ndị ọzọ na-akọ obere mmetụta ọgwụ dị na sistemụ omumu.

Onye na-ere ọgwụ Sorokina Vera Vladimirovna

Ọgwụ a na-ahụkarị ọgwụ shuga na ụwa bụ Metformin, yana nde mmadụ 120 na-ewere ya kwa ụbọchị. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọgwụ ahụ nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri isii, n'oge a rụrụ ọtụtụ ọmụmụ, na-egosi ịdị irè ya na nchekwa maka ndị ọrịa. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji Metformin eme ihe maka ụdị shuga 2 iji belata nguzogide insulin, mana n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike iji ya gbochie mmepe nke nsogbu carbohydrate yana mgbakwunye na usoro insulin maka ọrịa 1.

Ọ dị mkpa ịmata! Ihe ohuru ohuru nke ndi endocrinologists gwara maka Nyochaa Ọrịa Shuga Na-aga n'ihu! Ọ bụ naanị na ọ dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị.

Ọgwụ nwere opekempe contraindications ma bụrụkwa nke anaghị enwekarị nsogbu ọgwụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na - belata shuga: ọ naghị eme ka ihe egwu ghara ịba ụba.

Ọ bụ ihe nwute, Metformin ka nwere ntụpọ. Dabere na nyocha, n'ime ụzọ ise n'ime ndị ọrịa nwere oke oriri ya, a na-achọpụta nsogbu afọ. O kwere omume iwelata ọgwụ ị ga-a toụ ọgwụ site na nri diges, site na iji nwayọ na-abawanye usoro onunu ogwu ya na iji usoro mmepe-ọhụụ na-adịgide.

Ọrịa shuga na oke nrụgide ga-abụ ihe mgbe ochie

Ọrịa shuga bụ ihe na-akpata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 80% nke ọrịa strok na mgbatị niile. 7 n’ime mmadụ 10 n’ime mmadụ na-anwụ n’ihi akwara mkpụrụobi ma ọ bụ ụbụrụ nwere oghere. N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okwu niile, ihe kpatara njedebe a dị oke egwu bụ otu - shuga dị n'ọbara.

Enwere ike ịkwatu shuga, ma ọ bụghị. Mana nke a anaghị agwọ ọrịa ahụ n'onwe ya, kama ọ na - enyere aka ịlụ ọgụ nyocha, ọ bụghị ihe kpatara ọrịa ahụ.

Naanị ọgwụ a na-atụ aro maka ịgwọ ọrịa shuga yana ndị endocrinologists na-ejikwa ya n'ọrụ ha.

Ofgwọ ọgwụ dị irè, gbakọọ dịka usoro ọkọlọtọ (ọnụọgụ ndị ọrịa ndị gbakere na ọnụọgụ ndị ọrịa nọ n’otu narị mmadụ 100 e si nweta ọgwụgwọ) bụ:

Normalization shuga - 95%
Mwepu nke akwara mbufụt - 70%
Mwepu nke obi ike - 90%
Bibie ọbara mgbali elu - 92%
Ime ka ubochi di elu, meghari ura n'abali - 97%

Ndị na-emepụta abụghị ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa ma na-enweta nkwado na steeti. Ya mere, ugbu a onye obibi ọ bụla nwere ohere.

Metformin egosi

Metformin sitere na ihe okike ya na osisi a na-ahụkarị nwere belata shuga. Iji belata ihe ọxicụxicụ ma mee ka uto hypoglycemic nke ewu ghara ọrụ, a malitere ọrụ na nkesa nke bekee na-arụ ọrụ.Ha ghọrọ biguanides. Ugbu a, Metformin bụ naanị ọgwụ dị na otu a nke gaferela nchịkwa nchekwa, ihe ndị ọzọ tụmadịrị imebi imeju ma mụbaa ihe egwu nke lactic acidosis.

N'ihi ịdị irè ya na nsonaazụ ya na-adịghị ala ala, ọ bụ ọgwụ nke mbụ na-agwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, ya bụ, a na-enye ya iwu na mbu. Metformin anaghị abawanye njikọ insulin. Kama nke ahụ, n'ihi mbelata ọbara shuga, a na-akwụsị homonụ na oke olu, nke na-abụkarị mgbe ọrịa shuga 2dị nke abụọ malitere.

Nnata ya na-enye gị ohere:

Mee ka nzaghachi nke sel dị na insulin, ya bụ, belata - ihe bụ isi na-akpata ọgba aghara nke carbohydrate na ndị oke oke. Metformin yana nri na nrụgide nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ọrịa shuga nke 2, na enwere ike ọgwụgwọ, ma nye aka iwepụ ya.
Belata mkpụkọ carbohydrates site na eriri afọ, nke na -ebelata shuga ọbara.
Iji jiri nwayọ mepụta glucose na imeju, nke ọkwa ya na ọbara na-adaba na afọ efu.
Na-emetụta profaịlụ akwara ọbara: bulie ọdịnaya nke lipoproteins dị elu, belata cholesterol na triglycerides na-emebi arịa ọbara. Mmetụta a na-ebelata ohere ịrịa ọrịa shuga.
Meziwanye usoro nke resorption nke mkpụkọ ọbara dị ọhụrụ n'ime arịa ndị ahụ, belata nrapado nke leukocytes, ya bụ, belata ihe ize ndụ nke atherosclerosis.
Belata ibu n’arụ, kachasị n’ihi ihe kachasị dị ize ndụ maka metabolism nke abụba visceral. Mgbe afọ nke iji gasịrị, ịdị arọ nke ndị ọrịa na-agbada site na 5%. Site na mbelata nke iri caloric, nsonaazụ nke ibu belata nke ukwuu.
Nagide obara na - emebi aru, ya bu, mee ka nri ha ka nma.
Iji bute osome na akwa nke polycystic, yabụ, enwere ike iwere ya mgbe ị na-eme atụmatụ ịtụrụ ime.
Chedo cancer. Ihe omume a ghe oghe n’oge na-adịbeghị anya. Nchoputa emere ekpughere akuko nke antitumor na ogwu ahu; oria nke ibute oncology na ndi oria jiri 31% belata. A na-amalite ọrụ ndị ọzọ iji mụọ ma gosipụta mmetụta a.
Jiri nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ. Nke a bụ ihe kachasị emetụta Metformin, a na-eme nyocha naanị na ụmụ anụmanụ, ha gosipụtara mmụba na ndụ nke elele nnwale. Enweghị nsonaazụ nke nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ zuru oke na ntinye nke ndị mmadụ, yabụ ọ dị mbido ikwu na Metformin dị ogologo ndụ. Ruo ugbu a, nkwupụta a bụ eziokwu naanị maka ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga.

N'ihi ọtụtụ ihe mmadụ na-eme n'ahụ, ihe ngosipụta maka iji Metformin ejedebeghị na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa shuga 2. Enwere ike iwere ya nke ọma iji gbochie nsogbu nke carbohydrate, iji mee ka ịdị arọ ya dị mfe. Mmụta emere gosiri na n'ime ndị nwere ọrịa kansa na-arịa ( ,, , insulin karịrị akarị) mgbe a na - eji Metformin naanị, ọrịa shuga bụ pasent 31% enwechaghị ike ịpụta. Dinggbakwunye nri na usoro mmụta ahụ na atụmatụ ahụ kwalitere nsonaazụ ahụ: 58% nke ndị ọrịa nwere ike izere ọrịa shuga.

Metformin belatara ihe egwu niile ọrịa shuga jiri 32%. Ọgwụ a na-egosi nsonaazụ dị egwu na mgbochi nke macroangiopathies: ike nke nkụchi obi na ọrịa strok belata 40%. Mmetụta a dị ka nsonaazụ nke ndị ọrụ egwu - amaara maka nrụgide na akpụ.

Releasedị ọgwụ ntọhapụ na usoro onunu ogwu

A na-akpọ ọgwụ mbụ nwere Metformin Glucofage, akara nke ụlọ ọrụ French bụ Merck nweburu. N'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ihe karịrị afọ iri agaala kemgbe mmepe nke ọgwụ na inweta patent maka ya, ịmịpụta ọgwụ ndị nwere otu ihe mejupụtara - mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, bụ nke iwu kwadoro.

Dika nyocha nke ndi dibia, ndi a kacha mara amara ma di elu.

German Siofor na Metfogamma,
Israel Metformin-Teva,
Russian Glyfomin, Novoformin, Formmetin, Metformin-Richter.

Ihe omumu nwere ezi uzo: ha di onu ala karia ogwu izizi.Ha enweghị enweghị ndọghachi azụ: n'ihi njirimara nke mmepụta, mmetụta ha nwere ike ịbụ nke na-esighi ike, yana ihichacha nke ọma. Maka imepụta mbadamba mbadamba, ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ike iji ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, nke nwere ike ibute nsonaazụ ndị ọzọ.

A na-emepụta ọgwụ ahụ n'ụdị mbadamba maka nchịkwa ọnụ, onunu ogwu nke 500, 850, 1000 mg. A na - ahụta mmetụta belata shuga na nsogbu nke metabolism metabolism na - amalite site na 500 mg. Maka ọrịa shuga, ọgwụ kachasị mma bụ 2000 mg . Site na mmụba na ya na 3000 mg, mmetụta hypoglycemic na-eto nwayọ karịa ihe ọghọm nke nsonaazụ ndị ọzọ. Increaseba ụba na usoro onunu ogwu abụghị naanị ihe ezi uche dị na ya, mana ọ dịkwa ize ndụ. Ọ bụrụ na mbadamba 2 nke 1000 mg ezughi inye aka glycemia, a na-enye ndị ọrịa ọgwụ mgbakwunye na-ebunye shuga site na otu ndị ọzọ.

Na mgbakwunye na Metformin dị ọcha, a na-emepụta ọgwụ jikọtara ọnụ maka ọrịa shuga, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Glibomet (yana glibenclamide), Amaryl (ya na glimepiride), Yanumet (ya na sitagliptin). Ebumnuche ha ziri ezi na ọrịa shuga ogologo oge, mgbe ọrụ pancreatic malitere imebi.

E nwekwara ọgwụ nke ogologo oge - Glucofage Long (usoro nke 500, 750, 1000 mg), analogues nke Metformin Long, Gliformin Prolong, Formin Long. N'ihi ntọala pụrụ iche nke mbadamba, nnabata ọgwụ a na-eji nwayọ nwayọ, nke na-eduga n’ibelata okpukpu abụọ ugboro nke nsonaazụ akụkụ si eriri afọ. A na-echekwa mmetụta hypoglycemic ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Mgbe agbatịchara Metformin, akụkụ nke mbadamba ọrụ ahụ na-apụ apụ na feces. Naanị ndọghachi n'ụdị a bụ ntakịrị mmụba na ọkwa triglycerides. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ nwere mmetụta dị mma na profaịlụ nke ọbara.

Etu ị ga-esi metformin

Bido were 1% nke 500 mg. Ọ bụrụ na anabata ọgwụ ahụ nke ọma, a na-abawanye usoro onunu ogwu ka 1000 mg. Mmetụta dị ala na -eme ka a na-enwelata shuga, a na-ahụkarị ọdịda glycemia mgbe izu abụọ nke nchịkwa gasịrị. Ya mere, a na-abawanye ọgwụ ahụ site na mg mg 500 n'otu izu ma ọ bụ abụọ, ruo mgbe a ga-akwụghachi ọrịa shuga ume. Iji belata mmetụta na-adịghị mma na mgbaze, a na-ekewa ụbọchị kwa ụbọchị ụzọ 3.

Metformin nke nwayọ na-amalite ị drinkụ ya na mbadamba 1, oge mbụ a na-edozi ọgwụ ahụ mgbe ụbọchị 10-15 gachara. Ego kachasị nyere bụ mbadamba 3 nke 750 mg, 4 mbadamba 500 mg. Ọgwụ ahụ dum na-egbu ọgwụ na-egbu egbu n'otu oge, n'oge nri abalị. Mbadamba enweghị ike ịzọpịa ma kesaa ya na akụkụ, ebe ọ bụ na imebi ihe owuwu ha ga-eduga na mmebi nke ọrụ ogologo oge.

You nwere ike iwere Metformin ogologo oge, nkwụsịtụ ọgwụgwọ adịghị mkpa. Mgbe a na-anabata oriri a, ahapụkwala. Na ọnụnọ nke oke ibu, ha na - ebelata calorie.

Ogologo oge nwere ike ibute enweghi vitamin B12, ya mere ndi oria na - ewere ndi okacha anumanu na - ewere Metformin kwesiri iri nri umu anumanu kwa ubochi, karia imeju, akụrụ na ehi, ma were ule kwa afọ maka oke anapụ B12.

Nchikota nke metformin na ogwu ndi ozo:

Nkesa mmachi	Nkwadebe	Omume achọghị
Amachibidoro iwu kpamkpam	X-ray ọdịiche nkwadebe na ọdịnaya ayodiin	Nwere ike kpasuo lactic acidosis. A na-akwụsị Metformin ụbọchị abụọ tupu ọmụmụ ihe ahụ ma ọ bụ arụ ọrụ ya, ọ ga-amaliteghachi ụbọchị ụbọchị abụọ ka ọ gachara.
Amachibidoro iwu kpamkpam	Gerywa ahụ
Achọghị ya	Mmanya na-egbu egbu, nri niile na ọgwụ nwere ya	Ha na-abawanye n'ihe ize ndụ nke lactic acidosis, ọkachasị ndị ọrịa mamịrị na nri obere carb.
Achọrọ njikwa ọzọ	Glucocorticosteroids, chlorpromazine, beta2-adrenergic agonists	Ọbara shuga
	Ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-egbochi nrụgide ACE	Ewu nke hypoglycemia
	Diuretics	Ohere nke lactic acidosis

Nsonaazụ na contraindications

Mmetụta ọghọm dị na ị Metụ Metformin na ugboro ole ha nwere:

Ihe Omume Ọjọọ

Ihe ịrịba ama

Ugboro

Nsogbu nri

Ogbugbu, enweghị afọ ojuju, stools, vomiting.

≥ 10%

Ọrịa ire ụtọ

Nri uto nke onu n'ọnụ, ọtụtụ mgbe na afo efu.

≥ 1%

Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ

Mgbu, ọbara ọbara, itching.

Usoro nke Metformin

Na mgbakwunye na igbochi usoro gluconeogenesis, metformin na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ya bụ:

na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ nwee obi uto ya na sel ya na homonụ na-ebute shuga,
na - eme ka glucose na - abawanye site na mkpụrụ ndụ,
na - eduga n'ịba ụba oxidation nke ọdụdụ abụba,
na -echeta ịmịkọrọ glukos site na ngọngọ diges.

Drugakingụ ọgwụ ahụ na-enyere aka belata oke ibu na ndị mmadụ. Metformin na - agbada cholesterol ọbara, TG na LDL cholesterol na afọ efu. N'otu oge, ọ naghị agbanwe ego nke lipoproteins nke ihe ndị ọzọ. Onye ahụ siri ike (yana oke glucose ogo) na-ewere metformin agaghị enwe mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ.

N'iji ọgwụ ogwu, onye ọrịa nwere ike nweta mbelata ọdịnaya shuga site na 20%, yana ntinye nke gemocololated hemoglobin ihe dị ka 1.5%. Ojiji nke ọgwụ ahụ dị ka monotherapy, na-atụnyere ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-ebelata shuga, insulin na nri pụrụ iche, na-ebelata ohere nke ịmalite nkụchi obi. Na mgbakwunye, ihe ọmụmụ 2005 (Cochrane Collaboration) gosipụtara na a na-ebelata ọnwụ ndị ọrịa na-arịa ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 site na iji Metformin.

Mgbe onye ọrịa drinksụchara mbadamba metformin, ọkwa ọbara ya ga-abawanye n'ime awa 1-3 wee bido ime ihe. Ọgwụ na-etinye obi gị dum ngwa ngwa na eriri afọ.

Ihe mejuputara aru ahu a metaghi aru ya aru, kama obuputara aru site na aru ya.

Ntuziaka maka iji ọgwụ ahụ

Metformin ọgwụ ahụ dị n'ụdị mbadamba ụrọ nwere 500 mg nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ (metformin hydrochloride). Na mgbakwunye na ya, ngwaahịa ahụ gụnyere obere ego nke ihe ndị ọzọ: stachi ọka, crospovidone, povidone K90, magnesium stearate na talc. Otu mkpọ nwere blisters 3 nke mbadamba 10.

Naanị ndị ọkachamara na-abịa ihe bụ ndị ji ezi uche nyochaa ahụike nke onye ọrịa nwere ike ịkọwapụta ọgwụ Metformin. Mgbe onye ọrịa na-a pụ ọgwụ, ọ ga-agbaso ihe niile dọkịta kwuru.

Ntụnye ntinye dị na ngwungwu ọgwụ ọ bụla. N'ime ya ị nwere ike ịchọta ihe ngosi ndị a maka iji:

Elldị shuga abụọ nke ọrịa mellitus, ọkachasị n’arụ ndị na-adịghị eme ketoacidosis (metabolism na-akpata ike).
Na njikọta ọgwụ insulin na mgbochi hormone, nke bilitere nke ugboro abụọ.

Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na ọ bụ naanị ọkachamara nwere ike ịgbakọ usoro ziri ezi, nyere ole shuga n'ọbara nke ndị ọrịa mamịrị. Ntụziaka ahụ na-enye nkezi nke ọgwụ ahụ, nke na-achọ nyocha na mmezi.

Usoro mbụ nke ọgwụ ahụ bụ mbadamba 1-2 (ihe ruru 1000 mg kwa ụbọchị). Mgbe izu abụọ gasị, mmụba nke dose nke metformin ga-ekwe omume.

Usoro mmezi nke ọgwụ ahụ bụ mbadamba 3-4 (ihe ruru 2000 mg kwa ụbọchị). Usoro ọgwụgwọ kachasị elu kwa ụbọchị bụ mbadamba 6 (mg 3000). Maka ndị agadi (site na afọ 60), a na-atụ aro ị drinkụ metformin ọ bụla karịa mbadamba 2 kwa ụbọchị.

Etu esi a pụ ọgwụ Ha rijuru afọ, were obere iko mmiri sachaa ha, n’oge nri ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ gachara. Iji belata ohere nke mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma nke metụtara usoro nri, a ga-ekewa ọgwụ ahụ ọtụtụ oge. Mgbe ọrịa metabolic siri ike gosipụtara, a ga-belata usoro ị drugụ ọgwụ ahụ iji zere mmepe nke lactic acidosis (lactic coma).

Ekwesịrị idobe Metformin n'ebe akọrọ na ebe gbara ọchịchịrị na-enweghị ohere ịnweta ụmụaka. Oge nchekwa nchekwa sitere na +15 ruo +25. Ogologo oge ọgwụ ahụ bụ afọ 3.

Contraindications na mmetụta ọjọọ

Dika ogwu ogwu ndi ozo, enwere ike igbochi ojiji nke metformin na ndi mmadu bu oria ma obu ozo.

Dịka anyị kwurula, maka ndị ọrịa gaferela afọ 60, ọkachasị ndị na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ, anaghị atụ aro ọgwụ a, ebe ọ nwere ike ibute mmepe nke lactic acidosis.

Ndepụta contraindications maka ọgwụ a abụghị obere. Amachibidoro iji metformin mgbe:

precoma ma ọ bụ Coma, oria,
akụrụ na akwara imeju,
ọrịa ọjọọ na-emetụta arụ ọrụ nke akụrụ (akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, hypoxia, ọrịa dị iche iche, ahụ ọkụ),
nsị na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ ahoụrụma na-egbu egbu,
ọrịa na - adịghị ala ala ma ọ bụ ọrịa nwere ike ibute mmepe nke infarction myocardial, akụkụ okuku ume ma ọ bụ nkụda obi.
lactic acid coma (ọkachasị, akụkọ ihe mere eme),
na-eme ọ dịkarịa ala ụbọchị abụọ tupu yana maka ụbọchị abụọ mgbe nyocha x-ray na redioisotope jiri ntụtụ nke ihe dị iche nwere ayodiin,
nri kalori (obere kalori 1000 kwa ụbọchị),
buru nwa na ara.
mụbara ohere ị toụ ọgwụ dị na ya.

Mgbe onye ọrịa nara ọgwụ n’adabereghị na ndụmọdụ dọkịta, o nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Ejikọtara ha na arụmọrụ ezighi ezi:

digestive traktị (vomiting, mgbanwe uto, ụba flatulence, enweghị agụụ, afọ ọsịsa ma ọ bụ mgbu afọ),
akụkụ ahụ (mengatolalastic) nke megaloblastic ana - enweghị ụkọ folic acid na vitamin B12 n’ahụ),
metabolism (mmepe nke lactic acidosis na hypovitaminosis B12 metụtara malabsorption),
sistemu endocrine (mmepe nke hypoglycemia, nke ekpughere site na ike ọgwụgwụ, oke iwe, isi ọwụwa na ọgbụgba, enweghị mmụọ).

Mgbe ụfọdụ enwere ike inwe nsogbu anụ ahụ. Mmeghachi omume ojoo na-emetụta ọgba aghara nke usoro nri diges na-eme ọtụtụ mgbe n'ime izu abụọ mbụ nke ọgwụgwọ. Nke a bụ mmeghachi omume nkịtị nke anụ ahụ, mgbe ụbọchị iri na anọ gasịrị, riri ahụ na metformin na-eme, ihe mgbaàmà ahụ na-apụkwa n'onwe ha.

Supportdoụbiga Mkpuchi

Onye na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-a aụ ọgwụ ọ higherụ karịrị nke egosipụtara na ntuziaka ahụ ma ọ bụ dibịa bekee nyere gị iwu nwere ike ibute ahụ ya nnukwu, ọ bụghị ịkọ ọnwụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị doụbiga mmanya ókè, nsonaazụ dị egwu nwere ike ime -. Ihe ọzọ kpatara mmepe ya bụ nchịkọta ọgwụ maka nsị akụrụ.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke lactic acidosis bụ nri digestive, mgbu afọ, ala ahụ dị ala, olu mgbu, ịba ụba nke iku ume, dizzness na mgbu na isi, ịda mba, na ọbụna coma.

Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ achọpụtala ma ọ dịkarịa ala mgbaàmà ndị a dị n'elu, achọrọ kagbuo metformin ngwa ngwa. Na-esote, ịkwesịrị ịgwọ onye ọrịa ngwa ngwa maka nlekọta mberede. Dọkịta kpebiri ọdịnaya lactate ahụ, na nke a, na-akwado ma ọ bụ kwenye nchọpụta ahụ.

Zọ kachasị mma maka iwepu mkpụkọ lactate na metformin bụ usoro ịba ama.Iji kpochapụ ihe ịrịba ama ndị fọdụrụ, a na-eme ọgwụgwọ symptomatic.

Okwesiri iburu n’uzo na ihe mgbagwoju anya nke metformin na ndi n’enye ihe na enweta ikike nke sulfonylurea nwere ike ime ka mbelata suga n’abata.

Mmekọrịta na ụzọ ndị ọzọ

Yabụ, iji metformin na danazole n'otu oge na-eduga n'ịba ụba shuga dị elu. Iji kpachara anya, ịkwesịrị iji chlorpromazine, nke na-ebelata ntọhapụ nke insulin, si otú ahụ na-abawanye glycemia. N'oge ọgwụgwọ na ọgwụ mgbochi na mgbe ịhapụ ọgwụ, ọgwụ nke metformin ga-agbanwe.

Ohere inweta mmụba na nrụda shuga na-apụta mgbe a na-eri ya:

Glucocorticosteroids (GCS).
Sympathomimetics.
Ihe mgbochi maka ihe eji eme ya.
Epinofrina.
Mmeghe nke glucagon.
Homonụ thyroid.
Nchịkwa nke phenothiazone.
Loop diuretics na thiazides.
Nri Nicotinic acid.

Iji ọgwụgwọ cimetidine nwere ike ibute mmepe nke lactic acidosis. Ojiji nke metformin, n'aka nke ya, na-ebelata mmetụta nke anticoagulants.

Ya mere, n'oge ọgwụgwọ na metformin, ndị ọrịa kwesịrị inyocha ọrụ nke akụrụ. Iji mee nke a, ha kwesịrị ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro abụọ n’afọ iji mụọ gbasara ịgwọ ọrịa lactate na plasma. Ọ dịkwa mkpa iji nyocha maka ọdịnaya nke creatinine n'ime ọbara. Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ ahụ gosipụtara na itinye uche nke creatinine karịrị 135 μmol / L (nwoke) na 110 μmol / L (nwanyị), ịkwụsị ọgwụ ahụ dị mkpa.

Ọ bụrụ na achọtara onye ọrịa ahụ ọrịa na-efe efe bronchopulmonary ma ọ bụ ọrịa na-efe efe nke usoro mkpụrụ ndụ, a ga-aghọrọ onye ọkachamara ngwa ngwa.

Mgbe ị na-eji ọgwụ ọ bụla ọzọ, onye ọrịa ahụ kwesịrị ịgwa dọkịta banyere nke a, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe usoro onunu ogwu na oge ọgwụ.

Efu, nyocha na analogues

Ọnụahịa nke Metformin na-adabere ma ọ bụrụ na ebubata ya ma ọ bụ na-ebi.

Ebe ọ bụ na ihe na-arụ ọrụ bụ ihe ama ama hypoglycemic na-elekọta mmadụ n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa, ọtụtụ mba na-emepụta ya.

Nwere ike ịzụta ọgwụ ahụ site na iwebata ndenye ọgwụ n'ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, enwerekwa nhọrọ nke ịtụ ọgwụ ahụ n'ịntanetị.

Ọnụ ego ọgwụ ahụ dabere na mpaghara ọgwụ a na mpaghara nke Russian Federation na onye mepụtara

Metformin (Russia) Nke 60 - opekata mpe bụ 196 rubles, ma kacha bụrụ 305 rubles.
Metformin-Teva (Poland) Nke 60 - ego dị ntakịrị bụ 247 rubles, ego kachasị bụ 324 rubles.
Metformin Richter (Hungary) Nke 60 - opekata mpe bụ 287 rubles, ego kachasị bụ 344 rubles.
Metformin Zentiva (Slovakia) Nke 30 - opekata mpe bụ 87 rubles, ego kachasị bụ 208 rubles.
Metformin Canon (Russia) Nke 60 - ego kacha nta bụ 230 rubles, ma kacha bụ 278 rubles.

Dịka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ọnụ ahịa ọgwụ Metformin dị obere, yabụ onye ọ bụla nwere ego dị iche nwere ike ịzụta ya. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bara uru karị ịzụta ọgwụ ụlọ, n'ihi na ọnụahịa ya dị ala, yana ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ bụ otu.

Gịnị bụ Metformin

Metformin na-ebute ọnọdụ n'ọgwụgwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga dị n'ọrịa 2. Ọ bụ nke biguanides. Ihe ndị a bụ ihe ndị na-ebelata glucose ọbara. Ekwenyere na ịdị irè nke ọgwụ a ka oge na-aga, omume nke iji, dị ka egosipụtara site na nyocha ndị ọrịa. Nke a bụ naanị ọgwụ eji agwọ ọrịa shuga na ụmụaka. Metformin nwere ọtụtụ aha, a na-ere ya dị ka Glucofage, Siofor, Gliformin. Ọ dabere na onye nrụpụta na ihe mejupụtara ọgwụ ọgwụ.

Ngwakọta na ụdị ntọhapụ

Metformin dị n'ụdị mbadamba. Ha bụ okirikiri, biconvex, kpuchie ya na shei gbara agba nke agba ọcha. Ngwakọta ọgwụ ahụ na blisters nke 10 ma ọ bụ 15 iberibe. Nkwakọ ngwaahịa katọn ga-ejide mbadamba iri atọ. Tebụl na-egosi ihe mejupụtara otu capsule nke ọgwụ:

Ọrụ umi itinye n'ọrụ

Metformin hydrochloride (ma ọ bụ dimethylbiguanide)

Ọka ọka stachi (ma ọ bụ nduku)

Pharmacodynamics na pharmacokinetics

Metformin na-egbochi njikọ nke ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid) na mitochondria (akụkụ ahụ nke sel pụrụ iche). Usoro a nwere mmetụta kpọmkwem n'ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume ndu mmiri metụtara metabolism metabolism. N'otu oge ahụ, dimethylbiguanide na-akpata mbelata nke ịta shuga n'ihi ọtụtụ usoro:

na - egbochi gluconeogenesis (usoro ịkpụkọta glucose site na nchịkọta ndị na - enweghị carbohydrate) na imeju,
na-eme ka ọgụgụ isi nwee insulin,
na - eme ka glucose na - emegharị sel,
na-eji nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ na-enweta usoro glucose na obere eriri afọ.

N'okpuru mmetụta nke ọgwụ mgbe ị risịrị nri, enweghị mgbanwe dị omimi na ọkwa glucose. Ọgwụ:

adịghị akpata hypoglycemia (ọrịa na-ejikọ ọnụ na mbelata glucose),
enweghị mmetụta na njikọta insulin,
na-ebelata ọkwa triglycerides, obere lipoproteins dị ala na plasma ọbara,
O nwere mmetụta nke fibrinolytic (thrombo-absorbable) n'ihi iwepụ nke anụ ahụ plasminogen activator inhibitor (protein na-akwalite njikọ nke enzyme fibrinolytic).

Mwepu ọgwụ a si na eriri afọ. Ọgwụ nke ọgwụ ahụ nwere bioavailability 50-60%. Metformin anaghị emeghachi omume na protein protein. Ihe ahụ na-agbakọta na gland Salvary, anụ ahụ na akwara, na imeju. Ọ na-abụpụtara ya akụrụ na-agbanweghi. Metformin monotherapy tụnyere ọgwụ ndị ọzọ iji hazie ọkwa shuga na-ebelata:

ihe egwu nke infarction myocardial,
ọnụego ọnwụ na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga nke 2.

Etu ị ga-esi

Miri mbadamba nkume nile, were miri buru ha. Obere nke mbụ dị 500 mg otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị, nke kachasị bụ 2.5-3 g. Ọ na-atụ aro ị were mbadamba metformin mgbe nri abalị ma ọ bụ ozugbo tupu ụra. Ihe onunu ogwu nke ogwu di nma ka iwelie nwayọ. Nnukwu ụzọ mbụ nke dimethylbiguanide na-akpata nsị afọ ma na-akpaghasị usoro nri. Nri uto, ọgbụgbọ bụ akara nke ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè n’oge mmalite nke iji ngwaahịa ọgwụ.

Site na iji ọgwụ eji eme ọgwụ monotherapy, ọ ka mma ịrapara n'atụmatụ a nwapụtara:

N ’izu mbụ, a na-ewere ọgwụ ọgwụ n’ime ihe ruru 500 mg n’otu oge.
Na-esote, a na-abawanye ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị ruo 850-1000 mg ma kee ya ụzọ abụọ.
Ọ bụrụ na usoro nke metabolic anaghị eju afọ na oke nke 2000 mg, ekwesịrị ịgbakwunye sulfonylureas na metformin ma ọ bụ insulin.
Mmụba nke usoro onunu ogwu dabere na ọgụgụ glukos. A na-ahọpụta usoro usoro usoro onunu ogwu site n’aka dọkịta.
N'ime ndị ọrịa agadi, ọnụọgụ kachasị kwa ụbọchị bụ 1000 mg.

Metformin: ogologo oge ole ka m ga-ewere ma ọ na-eri ahụ?

N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị shuga 2, ajụjụ a na-ebilitekarị, Ogologo oge ole ka Metformin na-ewe? N’ezie, azịza ajụjụ a adịghị adị.Ọ nweghị dọkịta nwere ike ịkọwapụta oge ọ ga - ewe oge, ebe ọgwụgwọ onye ọrịa ọ bụla dabere na ahụike ya niile, ọkwa glucose, ogo ọrịa shuga na ọrịa ndị metụtara ya.

A na-akpọ ọrịa shuga mellitus ọrịa nke narị afọ nke 21. Nke a bụ n'ihi n'eziokwu na kwa afọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa a na-abawanye. Statistics gosipụtara na 90% nke ndị ọrịa shuga na-arịa ụdị ọrịa nke abụọ, n'ime ha, enwere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị buru ibu karịa ndị nwoke.

Metformin bụ ọgwụ a ma ama n'etiti ndị ọrịa shuga na-enweghị insulin na-enweghị ike imejulata shuga na nri na mmega ahụ pụrụ iche. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ejikwa ya iji gbochie nsonaazụ ọjọọ nke ọrịa shuga na ọbụna etuto ahụ. Ma gịnị bụ usoro ọrụ nke ọgwụ ahụ, otu esi ewere ya nke ọma ka ị ghara imerụ onwe gị ahụ? Ka ọ dị mma, ka anyị nwaa ịchọpụta nke a.

Usoro nke Metformin

Na mgbakwunye na igbochi usoro gluconeogenesis, metformin na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ya bụ:

na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ nwee obi uto ya na sel ya na homonụ na-ebute shuga,
na - eme ka glucose na - abawanye site na mkpụrụ ndụ,
na - eduga n'ịba ụba oxidation nke ọdụdụ abụba,
na -echeta ịmịkọrọ glukos site na ngọngọ diges.

Mgbe onye ọrịa drinksụchara mbadamba metformin, ọkwa ọbara ya ga-abawanye n'ime awa 1-3 wee bido ime ihe. Ọgwụ na-etinye obi gị dum ngwa ngwa na eriri afọ.

Ihe mejuputara aru ahu a metaghi aru ya aru, kama obuputara aru site na aru ya.

Metformin bụ naanị ọgwụ maka n’otu oge igbochi nsogbu nke ọrịa shuga na ọrịa obi

Bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ:
Efe. Cardiology na Angiology 1/2011

MD M.N. Mamedov, M.N. Kovrigina, Ph.D. E.A. Poddubskaya

Taa, metformin bụ otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị a na-ejikarị antidiabetic. N'afọ 2006, Ditù Ọrịa Shuga nke Mba nakweere ndụmọdụ ọhụrụ maka ịgwọ ọrịa shuga, nke a na-atụpụta metformin ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ nke mbụ yana ngbanwe mgbanwe obibi ndụ maka ịmalite ọgwụgwọ. N'ime afọ ise gara aga, ọnọdụ a agbanwebeghị.

Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ojiji nke biguanides na omume endocrinological jupụtara na olileanya na ndakpọ olileanya. Ejiri biguanides nke mbụ - phenformin na buformin mee ihe na etiti narị afọ XX, ewepụrụ ngwa ngwa site na ire n'ihi mmepe nke lactic acidosis.Sterne rụpụtara Metformin na 1957. Na 1960, a malitere usoro ọmụmụ izizi mbụ, nke gosipụtara na mbelata nke glycemia esoghị mmụba n’arụ na ihe ize ndụ nke hypoglycemia. Na 1980, na-eji usoro mwepu emeputara ya, egosiputara na metformin na-ebelata iguzogide insulin.

Na 1995, na nke mbụ, FDA (American Food and Health Administration) kwadoro ka ojiji nke metformin na United States. N'ime ọmụmụ nke FDA malitere, a hụrụ metformin ka ọ bụrụ ihe atọrọ na nchekwa na ọgwụ mgbochi ndị ọzọ. E gosiputara na metformin nwere uru karịa biguanides ndị ọzọ, ọ na-agbakọta tumadi na obere eriri afọ na gland ndị dị na ọnya ahụ, ọ bụghị n'olu, bụ ebe bụ isi ebe a na-esi etolite lactate. Dika otutu nnwale a na-adakarị, ọnụọgụ metosin metụtara lactic acidosis bụ 8.4 n'ime ndị ọrịa 100,000, yana usoro ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla ọzọ antipyretic ọgwụ (gụnyere glibenclamide) - 9 kwa 100 puku.

N'ime afọ iri ise, e duziri ọmụmụ ihe 5500 nyocha na nyocha banyere akụkụ dị iche iche nke arụmọrụ yana nchekwa nke metformin.

Mmetụta antihyperglycemic nke Metformin

Mmetụta nke metformin na ọkwa glucose ọbara dị ka mmetụta nke ndị ọrụ antidiabet ọzọ. Metformin adịghị akpata hyperinsulinemia, na ntụle, ọkwa insulin na-ebu ọnụ na-ebelata mgbe ụfọdụ, nke a na-ejikọ ya na mmelite na nghọta insulin.

Na nnukwu omumu ihe omumu (ndi kpuru ìsì abua, megharia anya, ihe ngbasa nke puru iche, ihe omumu nke puru iche) tinyere ndi oria 451, ihe omumu banyere ogwu nke metformin ka choputara. A na-ahụta mbelata ọbara na glucose ọbara dị iche iche megidere ndabere nke metformin na usoro nke 500-2000 mg / ụbọchị. N'ime ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga, ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị nke 2000 mg nke metformin bụ nke kachasị mma maka ịchịkwa ọkwa glucose ọbara. Na ahịa Russia, a na-egosi Glucofage metformin Glucofage mbụ na usoro atọ nke 500 mg, 850 mg na 1000 mg.

Na nke a, metformin na - abawanye uru glucose n'oge a na - emechi, nke a na - ejikọ ya na mmelite na - enwe mmetụta insulin nke mpaghara. Nmeziwanye nguzo glucose na mmụba na metabolism na-abụghị oxidative metabolism, ya bụ, na-enweghị mmetụta na glucose. A mụrụ mmetụta metformin na njikọta glucose na imeju n'ime ndị ọrịa 7 nwere ụdị shuga mellitus nke 2 n'oge ọgwụgwọ na usoro ọgwụgwọ metformin na-adịgide ọnwa atọ. Metformin na-ebelata mmepụta nke glucose n'imeju yana ugboro gluconeogenesis ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkwa mbụ.

Otu omumu ihe omumu Britain nke bu oria gosiputara na metformin nwere ihe na - azoputa insulin. Ọnụọgụ insulin na-adị ala n'ime ndị raara onwe ha nye ndị metformin ma e jiri ya tụnyere ìgwè na-agwọ sulfonylurea (glibenclamide ma ọ bụ chlorpropamide) ma ọ bụ inje insulin.

Mkpokọ ọrịa shuga mbụ na metformin

Ihe mgbochi mbụ nke ọrịa shuga gụnyere iji usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, gụnyere mgbanwe obibi ndụ na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ n'etiti ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Nke mbu, ndi otu a gunyere ndi nwere oria aria obi (nnukwu glycemia riri nne na nnabata glucose).

N’afọ 1976-1980, dịka akụkụ nke ọmụmụ mba nke US National Health and Nutrition Ex Surationation Survey (NHANES II), ndị okenye 3092 nwalere maka nnabata glucose. Ọnụnọ nke hyperglycemia 2 awa mgbe ị nwesịrị glucose 75 g metụtara mmụba na ọnọdụ niile nke ọnwụ obi. Enwetara data siri ike n'ọmụmụ ihe ị na-achọ, data sitere na Ọrịa Shuga Epidemiology: Nnọkọ nyocha nke Diagnostic Criteria na Europe (DECODE), nke gosipụtara ọrụ dị mkpa nke prediabetes na mmepe nke ọrịa nsogbu nke ọrịa obi (CVD). A na-enyocha hyperglycemia site na ibu ọnụ glucose na-ebu ọnụ na mgbe nnwale nnwere onwe glucose dị na mmadụ 22,514 n'ime afọ 8.8. Ọnụnọ nke nnukwu glycemia na-ebu ọnụ so mee ka ihe egwu ọnwụ ka njọ site na CVD. Agbanyeghị, NTG (ndidi na-anabata glucose) bụ ihe dị nnukwu mkpa na mmepe nke nsogbu ọrịa.

Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ bipụtara nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-eji ọgwụ ọgwụ nwere usoro dị iche iche eme ihe maka mgbochi mbụ nke ọrịa shuga. Enwere omumu ihe omumu ato na akwukwo a (BIGPRO 1, BIGPRO 1.2 na DPS) nyochara oru nke metformin na otu ndi oria bu oke ibu, oke obara mgbali elu, hypertriglyceridemia na ndi oria na NTG. Mmemme Mgbochi Ọrịa shuga (DPP) bụ ma eleghị anya, otu n'ime nchọpụta ọmụmụ gbasara ọgwụgwọ kachasị na mgbochi mbụ nke ọrịa shuga. Emere ọmụmụ a na ebe 27 dị na United States, ha mere atụmatụ maka oge 3 ruo 6, mana emezuru ya tupu oge Ọgọstụ 2001, dịka eburu ebumnuche ndị bụ isi. N'ime ọmụmụ DPP, ejiri ọgwụ mbụ Metformin Glucofage ® mee ihe. N'ime ya, a na-ekewa ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa NTG atọ dị iche iche:

placebo + na-atụ aro maka mgbanwe ndụ (ndị ọrịa natara aro maka ide nri, ịba ụba na-emega ahụ na ịkwụsị ị smokingụ sịga),
metformin (Glucofage ®) 850 mg ugboro 2 n'ụbọchị + ntinye ọkọlọtọ gbasara ụzọ obibi,
mgbanwe ndụ ndụ na-agbanwe (opekata mpe, ọ dịkarịa ala ịbelata oke 7, obere kalori yana nri hypolipPs, mmega ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na 150 min / izu, na nlekọta ahụike kwa ọnwa).

Ihe omumu ihe di iche n'etiti placebo na metformin bu kpuru ìsì. Na mkpokọta, ihe ọghọm nke ibute ụdị shuga 2 ji 58% belata na mmadụ ndị gbanwere ụdị ndụ ha, na 31% n'ime ndị natara metformin na dose nke 850 mg ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị maka afọ 3. Mgbe ị na-enyocha ngalaba dị na ọmụmụ ahụ, ọ tụgharịrị na metformin kachasị belata ihe egwu nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga indị nke abụọ na ndị gbara afọ 45, yana ndị nwere oke oke ibu (BMI ≥ 35 kg / m 2). N'ime ndị otu a, ihe ize ndụ nke ịmalite ịrịa ọrịa shuga 2 ji 44-53% belata ọbụna na-enweghị ịgbanwe ụzọ ndụ.

Metformin na mbelata ihe ọghọm nke ọrịa obi

N'afọ 1998, edepụtara nsonaazụ nke Ọmụmụ Ọrịa Ọrịa Britain (UKPDS), nke gosipụtara mmetụta dị mma na njedebe mkpụrụ obi na ndị nwere ọrịa shuga. Ọmụmụ ihe a gosipụtara uru nke metformin karịa ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-ebutelata shuga n'ibelata nsogbu ọrịa akwara na mmetụta yiri ya na ịchịkwa glycemia.

Ọmụmụ nyocha ga-enyocha ịdị irè nke usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche, gụnyere mgbanwe ndụ, metformin, sulfonylureas, na ọgwụ insulin na ndị nwere ọrịa shuga ọhụrụ. Nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ a na-egosi na ọgwụgwọ a na-etinye ọnụ na iji otu ụdị ọgwụ atọ dị irè karịa usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-ejikarị. N'ihe banyere njikwa glycemic, enweghị ọdịiche pụtara ìhè dị n'etiti ọgwụ ndị ahụ.

Dika nkwadebe metformin nyocha, UKPDS jiri Glucofage preparation mepụta metformin nkwadebe mbụ.

Metformin (Glucofage ®) dị irè karịa mgbanwe ndụ. Mmetụta hypoglycemic nke metformin yiri nke sulfonylurea na ọgwụ insulin. Ọganiihu na njikwa glycemic tinyere mmụba nke ọkwa insulin plasma, ebe ọ bụ na enwere ọganihu na insulin na-achọpụta.

Ejiri ọgwụ ahụ mee ihe na ndị mmadụ chọpụtara ọrịa mellitus ọhụụ na oke ibu na oke ibu (n = 1704 ndị nwere oke anụ ahụ ruru 120%). Nkezi usoro ọgwụgwọ metformin bụ 2550 mg / ụbọchị. N'ihi ọgwụgwọ, metformin mere ka mbelata onwu onwu na 36%, ọnwụ na-arịa ọrịa shuga site na 42%, nsogbu niile nke ọrịa shuga site na 32%, na infarction myocardial site na 39% (lee okpokoro).

Isiokwu 1. UKPDS: Mgbochi nsogbu nke ọrịa obi site na ịhazi ọkwa glucose na ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị shuga ọhụụ (n = 5100)

Isi njedebe	Metformin (2550 mg / ụbọchị)		Nkwadebe Sulphonylureas / insulin
Isi njedebe	Esemokwu Dynamics%	Ọdịiche nke ntụkwasị obi	Esemokwu Dynamics%	Ọdịiche nke ntụkwasị obi
Ọnwụ metụtara ọrịa shuga	↓42%	0,017	↓20%	0,19
Owu diri ihe obula	↓36%	0,011	↓8%	0,49
Ewu nke ibute ọrịa ọ bụla	↓32%	0,0023	↓7%	0,46
Ewu nke infarction myocardial	↓39%	0,01	↓21%	0,11
Ọrịa	↓41%	0,13	↓14%	0,60

N'ime ìgwè ndị ọrịa na-ewere metformin na usoro onunu atọ

Formmụaka na ndị na - eto eto nwere ike imezichara ihe niile.

Metformin kwalitere ndị nwere nsogbu glycemia n'ime ụmụaka 2 na-arịa ọrịa shuga. N'ime usoro ọmụmụ, gbara ìsì ugboro abụọ n'ime ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na-arịa ọrịa shuga 2, metformin belatara glucose na -ebu ọnụ na glycated globulin ma e jiri ya tụnyere placebo (p

Na Europe, a na-enye ọgwụ metformin 500 mg dị ka monotherapy ma ọ bụ yana yana insulin na ụmụaka nọ n'afọ 10 gbagoro. Themalite usoro metformin bụ otu mbadamba oge ma ọ bụ ozugbo nchịkwa. Mgbe ụbọchị 10-15 gachara, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ka ọgwụ a na-abawanye. Nkeji ọgwụ a dị ntakịrị, na-ebelata nsonaazụ ya na eriri afọ.

Ndụmọdụ ndị dị ugbu a maka ịgwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 na-akwado ojiji nke ọgwụ ọgwụ ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'oge uto na-arịa ọrịa shuga 2. Kọmitii Nchịkọta Ọrịa Ọrịa America kpebiri na ndị ọrịa na-enweghị nnukwu mgbaàmà hyperglycemia "nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa ọgwụgwọ na mmega ahụ, mana n'ọtụtụ oge ọ dị mkpa ka e jiri ọgwụ gwọọ ha." Na US, a na-enye ọgwụ metformin ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ Monotherapy ka ndị na-eto eto nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 2 yana otu akụkụ nke ọgwụgwọ njikọta na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma (afọ iri na asaa). Ya mere, metformin bụ naanị ọgwụ hypoglycemic ọgwụ nke akwadoro iji maka ụmụaka karịrị afọ 10. Na Russia, Europe na USA, otu n'ime ọgwụ ndị dị na otu a - Glucophage - ka akwadoro maka iji ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ ụmụaka, malite na afọ 10.

Mmechi

Metformin bụ ọgwụ antidiabetic dị irè ma, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, enwere ike iji ọgwụ antidiabetic ndị ọzọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma: sulfonylureas, meglitinides, glitazones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. N'ụzọ dị mma na-emetụta ihe ndị metụtara ihe egwu oge gboo, yana site na insulin na-adabere na usoro nnwere onwe, metformin na-ebelata ihe omume obi na ọnwụ.

A nakweere Metformin nke ọma ma nwee nchekwa. Ihe ize ndụ nke ịmalite ọrịa lactic acidosis adịghị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-emegide antidiedi.

Dabere na ndụmọdụ nke International Diabetes Federation na American Diabetes Association, metformin bụ nhọrọ mbụ maka ndị ọrịa nwere ụdị shuga 2. N'ime usoro Mmemme Mgbochi Ọrịa shuga, metformin belatara ihe ize ndụ nke ịmalite ọrịa shuga na ndị nwere ọrịa metabolic metabolic n'oge. Dika ihe omumu ihe omuma nke Britain na mellitus diabetes n’etiti ogwu nile na anuri oria, metformin bu ihe puru iche iji belata oria na onwu. N'ime ule abụọ nke ụlọ ọgwụ, ejiri ụdị Metformin mbụ, Glucofage ® mee ihe.

Ọrịa predi - nlele nyocha

Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa shuga na-arịa gị, mgbe ahụ gị onwe gị ga-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ọgwụgwọ ya, ị ga-enwekwa ohere ịgbanwe ọnọdụ a ma ọ bụ na-egbu oge inwe ụdị ọrịa shuga 2. Ibelata ibu, iso ezigbo nri, na imega ahụ oge niile dị oke mkpa ma ọ bụ gbochie ma ọ bụ igbu oge mmalite nke ọrịa shuga, belata belata ihe ọghọm gị ịmalite ọrịa ndị ọzọ, dịka ọrịa obi obi ma ọ bụ ọrịa strok. Ọ nwere ike ịdị nfe, mana ha dị oke mkpa maka ahụ ike gị yana igbochi mmepe shuga.

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, na mgbakwunye na nri na mmega ahụ, dọkịta gị nwere ike ịkọtara gị ọgwụ. Mana nyocha emere n’oge na-adịbeghị anya gosipụtara nsonaazụ dị mma n’igbochi ọrịa shuga site n’ịgbaso nanị nri na mmega ahụ. Otu nnyocha e mere na United States (Mmemme Mgbochi Ọrịa shuga) gosiri na mgbanwe ndụ ndị a dị irè karịa belata ihe ize ndụ nke ịmalite ọrịa shuga karịa ị medicationụ ọgwụ:

Jikwa ibu gị

Imirikiti ndị na - arịa ọrịa shuga bu oke ibu ma nwee ntụaka nke aru (BMI) nke 25 ma ọ bụ karịa. Ọ bụrụ na BMI gị dị afọ 25 ma ọ bụ karịa, ịbelata 5-10% nke ịdị arọ gị nwere ike inye aka gbochie ma ọ bụ gbuo oge mmepe nke ụdị shuga nke 2. Ibu dị mma na-enyere ahụ gị aka iji insulin rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.Otu nnyocha e mere n’oge na-adịbeghị anya gosipụtara na ịbelata ibu n’arụ ndị nwere ọrịa shuga na-ebelata ikelata insulin. Ọkwa dị larịị bụ ogo dị ka ibu dị furu efu.

Soro ezigbo nri

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọrịa shuga, ị pụrụ igbochi ma ọ bụ gbuo oge mmepe nke ọrịa site n'ime ihe ndị a:

Gwa dọkịta gị banyere atụmatụ iri nri dị mma.

Otu nnyocha siri ike chọpụtara na ndị na-eri akwụkwọ nri, azụ, anụ ọkụkọ, na nri ọka niile nwere obere nsogbu ịrịa ọrịa shuga ụdị nke abụọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-agbaso nri dị elu na anụ na-acha ọbara ọbara, anụ ezi, na mmiri ara ehi. ngwaahịa, ọka a nụchara anụcha na swiit.

Na-eme nri gị maka ọrịa shuga na-emekarị ka ị na-ele nri anya. E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ dị mfe iji mee ka nri gị kwekọọ. Onye enyere akwukwo nri mara ihe g’enyere gi aka.

Na-emega ahụ mgbe niile

Ndị ọkachamara na-adụ gị ọdụ ka ị mee nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a mgbe ị na-eme mmega ahụ:

N'ime ọtụtụ ọrụ maka nkeji iri ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ụbọchị, ịnwere ike ịgbaso ndụmọdụ ndị a dị n'elu. Nwere ike ịhọrọ onwe gị otu ụdị mmega ahụ. Gwa dọkịta gị tupu ịmalite usoro mmega ahụ gị.

Mmega ahụ na-enyere gị aka ịchịkwa shuga dị n’ọbara gị site na iji glucose dị ka isi iyi ike n’oge na mgbe ị na-emega ahụ. Ha na - enyere gị aka ịzaghachi insulin ma belata ohere ị ga - ebute ọrịa shuga. Na mgbakwunye, mmega ahụ na-enyere gị aka ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ ike, belata cholesterol dị elu, mụbaa lipoprotein dị elu (HDL) ma ọ bụ “ezigbo cholesterol” cholesterol, ma belata ọbara mgbali elu. Uru ndị a na - enyere aka igbochi mmepe nke ọrịa obi na ọbara arịa (ọrịa obi). Nwere ike n’ibelata ohere ị nwere ibute ọrịa shuga site na ị na-enwe ogologo oge ogologo oge n’oge ọmụmụ ihe ọ bụla.

Klaasị nwere ike inwe mmega ahụ na-agafe agafe ma ọ bụ karịa, dịka jogging, ịgba ọsọ, ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè ma ọ bụ ịkụ tenis. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ gosikwara na ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka ịkọ ubi ma ọ bụ mmiri na-ezo mmiri, nwekwara ike ịba uru. Gwa dọkịta gị maka atụmatụ mmemme mmega ahụ na-adịghị mma.

Jiri ọgwụ ma ọ bụrụ ncribedenye gị ọgwụ

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ndị dọkịta na-enye nkwadebe mbadamba mbadamba, nke kachasị metformin. Ọ na-ebelata oke shuga nke imeju mepụtara n’ahụ mmadụ nwere iguzogide insulin. Nke a nwere ike ịdị mma maka ọrịa polycystic ovary syndrome. Ọ bụrụ na dọkịta gị nyere gị ọgwụ maka ịgwọ ọrịa shuga, echefula ị asụ ya dịka esi nyere gị aka.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-a cigaretụ sịga, gị na dọkịta gị kwurịta otú ị ga-esi kwụsị àgwà ọjọọ a. Ụ sịga ga-ekere òkè na mmepe nke ọrịa shuga nke 2 na nsogbu ndị ọ na-akpata. Iji nwetakwuo ihe ọmụma, lee ngalaba “itkwụsị Ise Siga.”

Nyochaa ọbara mgbali elu na cholesterol

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọrịa kansa ọria, ị ga-enwe ike ibute ọrịa obi gị dị elu karịa ndị nwere ogo glucose ọbara. Dọkịta gị nwere ike ịtụle ọbara mgbali gị ma chọpụta oge ọbara gị maka cholesterol. Site na iwetulata cholesterol gị n’usoro a tụrụ aro ya na ijigide ọbara ọgbụgba gị na milimita 140/90 nke mercury, ị nwere ike belata ohere ị nwere ibute ọrịa obi na nnukwu arịa ọbara.

Site na ịgbaso ezigbo nri na ịme mmega ahụ oge niile, ị nwere ike ijigide ọbara mgbali gị na ọkwa cholesterol n'ime ọkwa akwadoro. Ndi mmadu nwere oke lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol cholesterol nke 35 milligrams kwa deciliter (mg / dl) ma obu wedata ala, ma obu nke triglycerides nke 250 mg / dl ma obu karie, nwere nsogbu di elu nke oria oria 2.

Nhọrọ

A na-atụ aro ịdegara ndị ọrịa afọ 60 gbagoro ma ọ bụrụ na ha rụrụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ siri ike ike. Nke a nwere ike ibute lactic acidosis. A ga-ekpebi ọkwa ọbara n'ọkwa tupu usoro ọgwụgwọ yana oge ọgwụgwọ (otu ugboro n'afọ na ọnụego nkịtị). Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa nke creatinine mbụ dị elu karịa ka ọ dị ma ọ bụ na njedebe dị elu, mgbe ahụ, usoro ọmụmụ a na-atụ aro ka ọ bụrụ ugboro ugboro 2-4 kwa afọ. Ndị okenye nwere ike ịnwe ọzụzụ asymptomatic nke ọdịda akụrụngwa, yabụ, ha na-ekpebikwa ọkwa creatinine ugboro abụọ n'afọ.
N'ibubiga ibu ókè, ịkwesịrị ịgbaso nri edozi edozi.

Ka ha na-a theụ ọgwụ ahụ, ndị ọrịa ga-agbaso ụdị nri enyere ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, nke na-eburu n'uche nkesa ziri ezi nke nri carbohydrate na nri n'ụbọchị. Na mbido ị diụ ọgwụ diuretics, ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali na steroidal na ọgwụ antihypertensive, enwere ike inwe ụdị nsogbu a dịka ọdịda akụrụ. N'ime ndị ọrịa dị otú ahụ, ekwesịrị iji Metformin jiri nlezianya mee ihe banyere ihe nwere ike imebi ọrụ ezumike.
Mgbe ọ gbachara ahụ, a na-amaliteghachi ọgwụ ọgwụ mgbe ụbọchị abụọ gachara. Tupu oge a, ekwesighi iwere Metformin. A na-eme nnwale ụlọ nyocha nke ịchekwa maka ọrịa shuga na-eme nke ọma na oge niile, na-ahụ oge ụfọdụ.

Usoro igodo

Aha:	METFORMIN
Koodu ATX:	A10BA02 -

Ọrịa shuga mellitus bụ otu n'ime nsogbu kachasị njọ nke ọgwụ ọgbara ọhụrụ. A na-ekulite ya n’ọkwá site n’ọtụtụ ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ, ugboro ugboro ma sie ike (rue nkwarụ) nsogbu, yana oke ọnwụ. Yabụ, n'etiti ndị ọrịa na-arịa ụdị ọrịa shuga 2, ọnwụ dịruru okpukpu abụọ karịa nke ahụ na ọnụọgụ mmadụ niile. Ezubere ọgwụ hypoglycemic ọgwụ ọgwụ a ka ebuso ụdị ọrịa a agha, "ọfụma" n'olu dara ụda, mana ọ bụghị ya. Taa, enweghi ike ịkpọ ọgwụ a ụdị ọhụụ na-aga n'ihu: a webatala ya na omume endocrinological kemgbe ngwụcha afọ iri abụọ. narị afọ gara aga. Ugbu a, metformin bụ, na-enweghị ikwubiga okwu ókè, bụ ọgwụ a na-ejikarị mbadamba mbadamba mbadamba. Usoro ihe ọ na-eme ga-abụ nke edoziri kpamkpam na shelves, nke a na-emekwa ka ọ gbakwunyere ya. Metformin na - egbochi usoro gluconeogenesis (njikọ glucose) n'ime imeju, na - ebelata nnabata nke glucose na obere eriri afọ, na - eme ka ikike ịgbatị anụ ahụ ghara ịdị na - eji glucose, ma na - eme ka nnabata nke anụ ahụ nwee insulin. Nke kachasị mkpa, ọgwụ ahụ anaghị emetụta mmepụta nke insulin nke ya site na pancreas ma ọ dịghị akpata mmeghachi omume hypoglycemic nke ọgwụ ụfọdụ na-ebelata shuga (oke ogo nke nwere ike ịbụ hypoglycemic coma).

Mmetụta ọgwụ ndị ọzọ nke ọgwụ ahụ gụnyere mbelata mkpokọta triglycerides na “ọjọọ” lipoproteins (LDL) n'ọbara, nkwụsi ike (na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ọbụna mbelata) na oke nke onye ọrịa, yana fibrinolytic (antithrombic).

Ọ bụ dọkịta na-ekpebi ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ metformin na nke ọ bụla, ọ daberekwa n'ọbara glucose dị n'ọbara nke mbụ. Dabere na nkwenye izugbe, ọgwụ malitere iji 500-1000 mg (nke ya na mbadamba 1-2). Mgbe ụbọchị 10-14 gachara, ọ na - ahapụ ya ka ọ bulie dose ahụ, dabere na ihe ngosipụta ugbu a nke itinye uche ya na ọbara.Ogo nguzogide nke metformin sitere na 1500-2000 mg, ihe kachasị bụ 3000 mg. Ndị ọrịa agadi bụ ikpe pụrụ iche. Nke mbu, ekwesiri iburu n’obi na n’ime ndi mmadu di iri asaa ha, bu onye n’agbanyeghi otutu afo ha, n’aru oru ike, metformin nwere ike ibute lactic acidosis. Na nke a, ị theụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na ndị ọrịa dị otú ahụ bụ contraindicated. N'okwu ndị ọzọ, ndị agadi ekwesịghị ịfe ihe karịrị 1000 mg nke metformin kwa ụbọchị. A na-atụ aro mbadamba iji nri ma ọ bụ iko mmiri ozugbo ọ were ya. A na-ekekarị ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị ka ọ bụrụ usoro 2-3.

Ọgwụ Farmacology

Onye na-ahụ maka hypoglycemic nke sitere na ìgwè nke biguanides (dimethylbiguanide). Usoro nke metformin na-ejikọta ya na ikike ya iji mee ka gluconeogenesis kwụsị, yana imepụta abụba na-enweghị ihe na nsị nke abụba. Na-eme ka mmata nke ndị na-anabata ihe na insulin na itinye glucose site na sel. Metformin anaghị emetụta oke insulin n'ime ọbara, mana ọ na-agbanwe ọgwụ ọgwụ ya site na ibelata ogo insulin na-ejedebe ma na-abawanye oke nke insulin na proinsulin.

Metformin na-akpali njikọ nke glycogen site na ime ihe na glycogen synthetase. Na-eme ka ikike ibuwanye nke ndị na-ebuga glucose ụdị ọ bụla. Na-egbu oge itinye glucose umeji.

Belata ogo triglycerides, LDL, VLDL. Metformin na - eme ka akwara fibrinolytic dị n'ọbara site na - egbochi ihe mgbochi plasminogen onye na - eme ka anụ ahụ nwee ọrụ.

Mgbe ị na-ewere metformin, ịdị arọ nke onye ọrịa ahụ ọ na-adịgide ma ọ bụ na-ebelata obere oge.

Mlọ ọgwụ

Mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ gasịrị, metformin ji nwayọ nwayọ ma zuo ezu na ngọngọ nri. A na-enweta C max na plasma mgbe ihe dị ka awa 2.5. N’ime otu 500 mg, bioavailability zuru oke bụ 50-60%. Site na ntinye n'otu oge, nnabata nke metformin na-ebelata ma na-egbu oge.

A na-ekesa Metformin ngwa ngwa n'ime anụ ahụ. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ihe nchebe protein. Ọ na-agbakọta na gland salvary, imeju na akụrụ.

Ọ na-abụpụtara ya akụrụ na-agbanweghi. T 1/2 sitere na plasma bụ awa 2-6.

Ọ bụrụ na arụ ọrụ ezumike ezumike, nnuku metformin ga-ekwe omume.