Ọbara glucose n'ọbara n’afọ site n’aka ụmụaka

Usoro biochemical niile dị na ahụ nwere ike ịga n'ihu na gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe niile, ya bụ, na oke ike nke oke ahụ zuru oke, oke ọbara osmotic, ọkwa acid, ọkwa glucose na ndị ọzọ. Mmebi nke parameters bụ mmalite nke mmalite nke usoro pathologies ruo mgbe ịkwụsị ọrụ dị mkpa ahụ.

Ọrụ nke glucose dị n’ahụ

Ọ bụ glucose - ihe na-egosi metabolism metabolism n’ahụ

Ọ bụ glucose bụ isi ihe na-enye ike n’ime sel. Ọtụtụ sistemụ mmekọrịta na-etinye aka iji nọgide na-enwe ọkwa ya mgbe niile.

Ahụ mmadụ na-enweta glucose site na nri ndị nwere carbohydrate. N'ime eriri afọ, enzymes na-agbanwe polysaccharides dị mgbagwoju anya na monosaccharide dị mfe - glucose.

N'ihi metabolism, adenosine triphosphoric acid sitere na glucose, nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-eji dị ka ike. Akụkụ nke glucose agbanweghị ka ọ bụrụ ike, kama a na-agbanye ya n'ime glycogen ma tinye ya na akwara na umeji. Glycogen na imeju na-etinye aka na ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa glucose ọbara.

Glycogen na akwara na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe nchekwa ume.

Enweghị glucose, yabụ, na-enweghị ume, sel agaghị adị, na n'oge mgbanwe, usoro nchekwa maka ịmịpụta glucose na abụba na protein. A na-akpọ okirikiri a gluconeogenesis ma bido mgbe a na-ebu ọnụ.

Ihe metutara glucose na onodu ufodu.

1. Atụmatụ amamịghe na njiri mara nke ngwaahịa eji.
2. Mmepụta nke pancreas site na insulin homonụ anabolic.
3. Mkpụrụ nke homonụ mgbochi mgbochi catabolic: glucagon, adrenaline, glucocorticoids.
4. Ogo nke moto na oru uche.

Enwere ike ịchọta ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara ọrịa shuga na vidiyo:

Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọtụtụ ihe carbohydrates dị n’ahụ, ọkachasị na elu glycemic index (glycemic index bụ ọsọ nke nri na-eme ka ọkwa glucose dị n’ọbara), na mmadụ anaghị emefu ume a iji na-eme mmega ahụ, ọrụ uche dị omimi na-atụgharị akụkụ nke glucose na abụba.

Ọ bụrụ na insulin na-ahụ maka ijide n'aka na ọkwa glucose adịghị ebili na mpụga nkịtị, mgbe ahụ enwere homonụ na-egbochi glucose ọbara ịdalata. Ndị a bụ glucagon (hormone), cortisol, adrenaline, glucocorticoids (nke emepụtara na gland adrenal). Glucagon na adrenaline na-eme ihe ozugbo na sel imeju, ebe akụkụ nke glycogen na-erekwa ma na-abanye n'ọbara. Glucocorticoids nyere aka na njikọ nke glucose na usoro nke gluconeogenesis sitere na amino acids.

Diagnostics

Nnwale glucose ọbara

A na - amata ọkwa glucose n'ọtụtụ ụzọ:

1. Nnyocha ọbara ọbara.
2. Nnwale ọbara nwa.

Site na mmụba ma ọ bụ ibelata n'ihe ngosipụta maka nchọpụta, a na-eme ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ:

• Ule nnabata glucose. A na-atụle glucose na-ebu ọnụ na awa 2 mgbe ị nwesịrị ihe glucose dị ala.
• Mkpebi ọkwa hemoglobin glycated. Na-egosi nkezi glucose ọbara n’ime ọnwa atọ gara aga.
• Profaili glycemic. Mkpebi glucose ugboro anọ kwa ụbọchị.

Ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta ọkwa glucose, yabụ, ekwesịrị ịhụ iwu nke ịgafe nyocha iji nweta nsonaazụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya:

1. A na-eme nyocha ahụ na afọ efu. Nri ikpeazụ ị ga - erughị tupu awa 8-10 tupu usoro a.
2. N'ụtụtụ, tupu ịnwale ule ahụ, zere ehicha ezé gị (enwere ike ịnwe shuga na ntacha eze).
3. Site na nchekasị na egwu usoro ahụ, mesighachi nwa ahụ obi ike.
4. Mwepu uche nke mmetụta uche na mmega ahụ na-eme ka mwepụta adrenaline - homonụ nke na-egbochi afọ ime nke nwere ike ịbawanye glucose ọbara.

A na - ewere ọbara ọbara ọbara n'ime ọnọdụ ọria. A na - eme ntu ahụ dị ka ndị a: a na-eji akwa nhicha diski a na-agwọ akpụkpọ ahụ, a ga-enwe mkpofu ịchafụ na-adọta akụkụ nke ikpeazụ nke mkpịsị aka mgbanaka. Ọbara ọbara kwesịrị ịpụta n’efu, ị nweghị ike ịpị mkpịsị aka gị, n’ihi na mgbe ahụ agwakọta mmiri dị n’ime ọbara yana nsonaazụ nyocha ahụ ga-agbagọ.

A na-enweta ọbara Venous site na puncture ọnya ọnya. Nọọsụ na-eduzi usoro a ga-eyi uwe mkpuchi roba. N’ichezi akpịrịkpa aka ya na mmiri ọgwụ, a na-anakọta ọbara achọrọ na-eji sirinji a na-ewepu. A na-eji akwa nhicha nke nwere ike idozi dochie ya ma dochie ya n’ikpere ruo mgbe ọbara ya kwụsịrị kpamkpam.

Okwa glucose di n’ọbara n’afọ n’afọ

Glucometer - ngwaọrụ maka ịtụ glucose ọbara

N'afọ mbụ nke ndụ ahụ, nwata ahụ na-eri mmiri ara ehi. Umu aka nri nwere oge nri - oge obula ruo iri ato na asaa - a na-enye glucose oge niile ka o kpuchie ike nke aru, odi nkpa ichoro glycogen.

Chonyịnya ibu ga-enwe ụdị ịba ọcha n'anya. Ha metabolism na-abawanye ukwuu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị okenye, usoro nke usoro nke carbohydrate metabolism ezughị okè, obere ọkọnọ nke glycogen - ihe a niile na-eduga na ịbalata glucose ọbara na ụmụaka. Ka ọ na-erule afọ asaa, ụmụaka nwere otu glucose dị ka ndị okenye.

Ọnụego glucose ọbara:

• N'ime ụmụ afọ zuru oke - 1.7 - 2.8 mmol / l
• Oge akaghi aka: 1.1 - 2,5 mmol / L
• Ruo otu afọ - 2.8 - 4.0 mmol / l
• Site na afọ abụọ ruo afọ ise: 3.3 ruo 5.0 mmol / L
• N'ime afọ 6: 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L

Ihe Na - akpata Ọrịa Grik Ọrịa

A na-egosikarị nnwale glucose maka ịchọpụta ọrịa shuga.

Ma ihe physiological na pathological ihe nwere ike ime ka mmụba glucose. Ebumnuche nke ọgbụgba gụnyere:

1. Ọrịa shuga mellitus. Maymụaka nwere ike ịmalite ụdị shuga 1 ma ọ bụ ụdị 2. Ọrịa shuga 1dị nke 1 bụ insulin-ịdabere na ya, ọ na-akpata site na njikọta insulin na ezughi oke site na pancreas. Ọrịa shuga 2dị nke abụọ - na - abụghị insulin, mgbe ọkwa nke insulin dị n’ọbara dị elu, mana mkpụrụ ndụ na - arụ ọrụ na - enweghị nsogbu ọfụma.
2. Ọrịa endocrine. Site n'ọrịa dị iche iche nke gland thyroid, pituitary, na adrenal glands, njikọ nke homonụ na-emetụta metabolism nke carbohydrates.
3. Ọrịa metabolism. Site na ọrịa metabolic, yana njikọ nke insulin na-egbochi na oke ibu, ụdị metabolism niile, gụnyere carbohydrate, na-agbagha.
4. Mmetụta akụkụ nke ọgwụ ogologo oge (glucocorticoids). N'ime ọrịa dị iche iche siri ike (autoimmune, nfụkasị), ọgwụ glucocorticoid ka enyere ụmụaka. Otu n'ime nsogbu ndị otu a na - akpata homonụ bụ ịbawanye ọkwa glucose site na-akpali nkwụsị nke glycogen.
5. Arụ nke pancreas. A na-achọpụta mmụba na shuga dị n'ọbara ya na uto tumo na mpaghara akwara mkpụrụ ndụ nke na-amịpụta glucagon.

Ihe kpatara iji wedata glucose ọbara

Ọtọ glucose ọbara gị dị ala? Anyị na-achọ ihe kpatara ya

Apụghị ileghara shuga dị ala, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike igosi ọrịa dị njọ:

• Nne na nwa ebu n'afọ nwere otu sistem. Ọ bụrụ na nne nwere ọrịa shuga, nwa ebu n’afọ nwere ọbara shuga na ọkwa insulin dị ka nne. Ọ dị oke njọ iwetulata glucose ozugbo ọ mụsịrị; mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ na-arụ ọrụ naanị ọnụnọ nke glucose na-ata ahụhụ, nke mbụ.
• Glycogenosis - ọrịa ndị a na-arịa ọrịa ọdịnala mara njikọta na mmebi nke glycogen. N'ime akụrụ, imeju, myocardium, sistem na-ahụ maka akwara na akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ, glycogen na-agbakọta. Glycogen a adịghị etinye aka na nhazi nke shuga ọbara.
• N'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ akabeghị aka, a naghị ehiwe usoro nke homeostasis - na-ejigide gburugburu ya mgbe niile. N'ime ụmụaka ahụ, ọ dị mkpa iji nlezianya nyochaa ọkwa nke glucose, iji gbochie nsogbu ndị ọzọ n'ụdị ọdịdọ na igbu oge ma ọ bụ ọbụna nsogbu mmetụta psychosotor.
• Ọrịa akụrụngwa nke usoro akwara dị n’etiti, karịsịa hypothalamus na pituitary gland, na-akpaghasị mmetụta neurohumoral nke sistem ndị a na gland endocrine gland (thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas).
• Insulinoma bụ akpụ na-eto eto dị na mpaghara nke mkpụrụ ndụ beta na-emepụta insulin. Mmepụta insulin na-abawanye nke ọma, ọ na-ebelata shuga dị n'ọbara.
• Ọrịa afọ na-efe efe nke na-ebute mmebi nke mmiri-electrolyte balanti (vomiting, profuse shuga). Ọgwụ toxins na - akụghasị ọrụ nsị imeju - ozu ketone na - agbakọ n'ọbara na mmamịrị. Agụụ mkpụrụ ndụ na - eme n'ihi ụkọ glucose.

Na ọrịa shuga mellitus, ngụkọta ziri ezi nke ị ofụ ọgwụ shuga dị ala dị ezigbo mkpa. Site na ị drugsụ ọgwụ ike gabigara ókè, enwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa hypoglycemic, na nke a bụ ọnọdụ na-eyi ndụ egwu.

Ekwesiri ighota na ichoputa glucose di elu ma obu di ala n’ime nnwale ọbara aputaghi oria. Ọtụtụ ihe kpatara emetụta nyocha ahụ: ọrịa na-adịbeghị anya, omume enweghị ike nwa ahụ n'oge usoro ahụ (ibe ákwá, iti mkpu). Maka nyocha ziri ezi, a na-eme ụlọ nyocha, a na-eme nnyocha banyere ihe, n'ihi na mgbanwe na shuga ọbara bụ akara nke ọtụtụ ọrịa dị iche iche, ọ bụ naanị dọkịta nwere ahụmahụ nwere ike ịghọta nke a.