Homonụ nke anụ ahụ na ọrụ ha n’arụ

Anụ a na-eme ka ahụrụ mmadụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke sistemụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ onye na - ebubata enzymes nke ukwuu, na - enweghị nke ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịreti protein, abụba na carbohydrates n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Ma mwepụta nke ihe ọreatụ pancụ pancreatic ejedebeghị na ọrụ ya. Ihe pụrụ iche nke gland bụ agwaetiti nke Langerhans, nke na-arụ ọrụ endocrine, insulin insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, polypeptide pancreatic, gastrin na ghrelin. Homonụ nke ọrịa ụjọ na - etinye aka na ụdị metabolism niile, imebi ihe ha rụpụtara na-ebute mmepe nke ọrịa siri ike.

Akụkụ endocrine nke pancreas

A na-akpọ sel ndị dị ụjọ nke na - eme ihe na - eme ka ihe na - arụ ọrụ homonụ na - abụ enweghị nkpuchi. Ha dị na ígwè site ụyọkọ - agwaetiti nke Langerhans. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agwaetiti ndị ahụ bụ naanị 2% nke ịdị arọ anụ ahụ. Site na nhazi, enwere otutu udiri insulocytes: alfa, beta, delta, PP na epsilon. Celldị sel ọ bụla nwere ike ịhazi na izo otu ụdị hormone ahụ.

Kedu homonụ nke prens na-emepụta?

Ndepụta nke homonụ pensụl hiri nne. A kọwara ụfọdụ n'ime nkọwa zuru oke, ebe a na-amụbeghị ihe ndị ọzọ. Nke mbụ bụ insulin, nke a na-ewere homonụ kacha mụọ. Ndị nnọchi anya nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe metụtara ihe ọmụmụ, na-amụtacha nke ọma, na-agụnye polypeptide pancreatic.

Mkpụrụ ndụ pụrụ iche (mkpụrụ ndụ beta) nke agwaetiti nke Langerhans nke pancreas na - eme ka homonụ peptide akpọ akpọ insulin. Ihe dị iche iche nke insulin na-arụ dị obosara, mana ebumnuche ya bụ iweda ọkwa glucose na plasma ọbara. A na-ahụta mmetụta nke metabolism metabolism n'ihi ike nke insulin:

na-eme ka ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ glucose na-erute n'ụlọ mkpọrọ site na ịba ụba n'ike nke membranes,
na - eme ka glucose na –agide mkpụrụ ndụ,
mee ka nguzobe glycogen nwee ike n’arụ na akwara olu, nke bụ ụdị bụ nnukwu nchekwa glucose,
kpochapu usoro glycogenolysis - nkwụsị nke glycogen ka glucose,
igbochi gluconeogenesis - njikọ nke glucose na protein na abụba.

Mana ọ bụghị naanị metabolism metabolism bụ ntinye nke homonụ. Insulin nwere ike imuta protein na abụba site na:

mkpali nke njikọ nke triglycerides na ọdụdụ ọdụdụ,
na-eme ka glucose na-abanye n'ime adipocytes (mkpụrụ ndụ abụba),
activation nke lipogenesis - njikọ nke abụba si glucose,
mgbochi nke lipolysis - mmebi nke abụba,
ihe mgbochi nke usoro protein na-emebi emebi,
ịba ụba permeability nke sel membranes maka amino acid,
mkpali nke protein protein.

Insulin na-enye akwara ike ume di iche iche. Mmetụta anabolic ya na-eduga n'ịbawanye na ebusa nke protein na lipids n'ime sel ma na-ekpebi ọrụ dị na nhazi nke mmepe na mmepe. Na mgbakwunye, insulin na-emetụta metabolism mmiri-mmiri: ọ na-eme ka oriri nke protein na imeju na akwara dịkwuo mma.

Ihe mkpali kachasị maka ịmepụta na izochi insulin bụ mmụba nke ọkwa glucose ọbara. Hormones na - eduga n'ịbawanye uru njikọ insulin:

cholecystokinin,
glucagon,
polypeptide insulinotropic nwere glucose,
estrogens
corticotropin.

Ọkpụkpụ mkpụrụ ndụ beta na-ebute ụkọ ma ọ bụ enweghị insulin - ụdị shuga 1 na-amalite. Na mgbakwunye na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nje virus, ọrịa na-akpata nchekasị, na njehie iri nri, na-ekere òkè n'ọdịdị nke ọrịa a. Nmegide insulin (mgbochi anụ ahụ na homonụ) na-arịa ụdị shuga 2.

A na-akpọ peptide mkpụrụ ndụ alpha nke agwaetiti a na-akpọ glucagon. Nsonaazụ ya nwere n'ahụ ahụ mmadụ bụ ihe na - emegide insulin ma nweekwa ịba ụba ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara. Isi ọrụ bụ ijigide ọkwa glucose plasma dị n'etiti nri, nke ndị ọrụ ha bụ:

mmebi nke glycogen n'ime imeju na glucose,
njikọ nke glucose na protein na abụba,
ihe mgbochi nke usoro glucose,
mkpali nke imebi abuba,
nguzobe nke aru nke ketone sitere na abuba ndi ozo n’ime sel imeju.

Glucagon na - eme ka uru akwara obi ghara ibido ma ghara imebi ya. Nsonaazụ bụ mmụba nke ike, ike na ọnụego obi. N’ọnọdụ nrụgide na n’oge mgbatị anụ ahụ, glucagon na-eme ka uru ahụ dị n’ọkpụkpụ ike nweta nchekwa ma na-eme ka ọbara ha ka mma n’ihi ọrụ obi bara ụba.

Glucagon na-akpali ntọhapụ nke insulin. N'ọnọdụ insulin insulin, a na-abawanye ọdịnaya glucagon.

Somatostatin

Mkpụrụ peptide hormone somatostatin mepụtara site na sel sel delta nke agwaetiti nke Langerhans dị n'ụdị abụọ nke na-arụ ọrụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ọ na-egbochi njikọ nke ọtụtụ homonụ, neurotransmitters na peptides.

Hormone, peptide, enzyme nke a na-ebelata njikọta ya

Gland dị n'ihu

Gastrin, nzuzo, pepsin, cholecystokinin, serotonin

Insulin, glucagon, petside eriri afọ vasoactive, polypeptide pancreatic, bicarbonates

Nleba Udo nke insulin-dika

Somatostatin, na mgbakwunye, na-ebelata nnabata nke glucose na eriri afọ, na-ebelata ihe nzuzo nke hydrochloric acid, motility gastric na secretion nke bile. Nchịkọta nke somatostatin na-abawanye na nnukwu glucose, amino acid na acids nke nwere abụba.

Gastrin bụ homonụ peptide, na mgbakwunye na pancreas, nke sel nke gastric mucosa na-emepụta. Site na ọnụọgụ nke amino acid gụnyere na ihe mejupụtara ya, a na-ahụkarị ụdị gastrin dị iche iche: gastrin-14, gastrin-17, gastrin-34. A na-eme ka ekpenta mata ihe ikpe azu. Gastrin na-abanye na eriri afọ nke mgbaze ma mepụta ọnọdụ maka usoro ụbụrụ na-esote site na:

ịba ụba nke hydrochloric acid,
mkpali nke imeputa enzyme proteolytic - pepsin,
na-eme ka mwepu nke bicarbonates na mucus site n'ime eriri afọ,
ụba motiti nke afọ na eriri afọ,
mkpali nke secretion nke eriri afọ, homonụ a na-eme ka mmadụ na-enyocha enzyme,
mee ka ọbara na-erugharị ma mee ka mweghachi nke gastric mucosa dị.

Ọ na - akpali mmepụta nke gastrin, nke ihe mgbochi gastric na - emetụta n'oge nri nri, ngwaahịa nri digestion, mmanya, kọfị, peptide na - ewepụta mkpụrụ ndụ nke usoro akwara na - abanye na mgbidi nke afọ. Otito nke gastrin na-abawanye site na ọrịa Zollinger-Ellison (mbufụt nke islet ngwa nke pancreas), mgbakasị ahụ, na-a drugsụ ọgwụ mgbochi na - abụghị ọgwụ steroidal.

A na-ekpebi ọkwa gastrin na nchọpụta ọdịiche nke ọrịa peptic na ọrịa Addison-Birmer. A na-akpọkwa ọrịa a nsogbu anaemia. N'iji ya, hematopoiesis na ihe mgbaàmà nke anaemia bụ ihe kpatara na ọ bụghị ụkọ iron, nke a na-ahụkarị, mana site na enweghi vitamin B12 na folic acid.

A na - emepụta Ghrelin site na sel nke pancreatic na sel dị iche nke mucosa gastric. Homonụ ahụ na-akpata agụụ. Ọ na - emekọrịta n'etiti etiti ụbụrụ ya, na - akpali ihe nzuzo nke neuropeptide Y, nke ọ dị na - akpali agụụ nri. Ntinye uche nke ghrelin tupu nri riri, ma emesịa - belata. Ọrụ nke ghrelin dị iche iche:

na-akpali secretion nke hormone hormone - ibu hormone,
na - eme ka mmadụ nwee ume nri ma kwadebe usoro nri maka nri,
enwekwu afọ ojuju nke afọ,
na-edozi ọrụ nzuzo nke pancreas,
na - eme ka glucose, lipids na cholesterol dị n'ọbara.
na-achịkwa ịdị arọ nke ahụ́
na-eme ka ísìsì nri na-emebi ihe.

Ghrelin na-ahazi ike nke anụ ahụ ma na-ekere òkè na nhazi nke steeti psyche: ọnọdụ ịda mba na nrụgide na-abawanye agụụ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-enwe mmetụta na ebe nchekwa, ikike mmụta, ụra na usoro ịmụrụ anya. Ọnụọgụ Ghrelin na-abawanye na agụụ, oke ibu, nri kalori na mbelata glucose ọbara. Site na oke ibu, ụdị shuga mellitus nke 2, enwere mbelata nlebara nke ghrelin.

Polypeptide nke Pancreatic

Pancreatic polypeptide bụ ngwaahịa nke njikọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ PP pancreatic. Ọ bụ nke ndị na - achịkwa usoro nri. Ihe omume polypeptide nke pịpenaịpena na mgbaze bụ dịka ndị a:

na-egbochi ọrụ pancreatic exocrine,
na-ebelata mmepụta enzymes pancreatic,
na-akụda motility gallbladder
na-egbochi gluconeogenesis na imeju,
na - eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ mucous nke obere eriri afọ na-abawanye.

Ihe nzuzo nke polypeptide pancreatic na-enye aka na nri ndị nwere protein, ibu ọnụ, mmega ahụ, mbelata shuga dị n'ọbara. Somatostatin na glucose na-edozi intravenly belata ego polypeptide ewepụtara.

Ọrụ nkịtị na-arụ ọrụ chọrọ nhazi nke akụkụ ahụ niile nke endocrine. Ọrịa oria na ọrịa pancreatic enwetara na-eduga na mmiri nzuzo nke homonụ nke akwara. Ghọta ọrụ ha na sistemụ nke usoro neurohumoral na-enyere aka idozi nchọpụta nke ọma na ọrụ ọgwụgwọ.

Anyị na-enye gị ka ị lelee vidiyo na isiokwu nke edemede.

Nhazi na oru

Anụ a na-ahụ maka ya bụ sọks kasị n'etiti endocrine. O di ebe a na achoghari azu. N'ime ihe owuwu ahụ, ha na-achọpụta ọdịiche dị iche iche: isi gbara ya gburugburu, ahụ wider na ọdụ nke nwere ọdụ. Isi bụ akụkụ kachasị obosara, nke anụ ahụ duodenum gbara ya gburugburu. Nọmalị, obosara ahụ ruru cm ise, ọkpụrụkpụ ya bụ 1.5-3 cm.

Ahụ - nwere ihu, azụ na ala ala. N'ihu dị n'akụkụ akụkụ ahụ afọ nke afọ. Ala belata erute vertebra nke abụọ. Ogologo ya bụ 1.75-2.5 cm. Site na mgbe a na -eme akụkụ ọdụ ya aka ekpe na aka ekpe. Na kọntaktị na splin, adrenal gland na akụrụ aka ekpe. Mkpokọta ogologo nke gland bụ 16-23 cm, na ọkpụrụkpụ na-ebelata site na cm atọ na mpaghara isi ruo 1.5 cm na ọdụ.

Na agịga bụ eriri etiti (Virsungiev). Na ya, ihe mgbaze na-abanye kpọmkwem na duodenum. Ihe mejuputara parenchyma nwere ihe abuo abuo: exocrine na endocrine. Ha dị iche n'ihe arụmọrụ na nhazi.

Exocrine - nwere ihe dị ka pacenti iri isii na asaa nke ihe mejupụtara ya, mejupụtara alveoli yana sistemu na - egbochi ọrụ, nke bụ “ọrụ” maka imepụta na izochi enzymes na mmiri mmịrị iji hụ na nri nri na eriri afọ. Enweghi oke gosiputara na usoro ndi mmadu na - edozi, abụba na carbohydrates. Akụkụ endocrine - nke mkpokọ mkpụrụ ndụ mebere na agwaetiti ndị pụrụ iche nke Langerhans. Ọ bụ ebe a ka nzuzo nke homonụ dị mkpa maka ahụ na-apụta.

Nkọwa nke homonụ nke pensụl

Anyị ga-atụle ọrụ dị iche iche nke homonụ n'ụdị ha, nsonaazụ ahụ na akwara nke ahụ mmadụ.

Na-anọchi anya nhazi nke polypeptide. Ihe mejuputara ya n’eji uzo abuo nke amino acid n’eji eji. Ọmụmụ mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe yiri ya na nhazi nke insulin mmadụ na ezụ na oke bekee. Anụmanụ ndị a wee bụrụ nke kachasị dị mma iji nweta nkwadebe site na homonụ nke akwara. Emepụtara homonụ ahụ site na mkpụrụ ndụ beta na proinsulin site na kewara c-peptide. A na-ekpughere ihe owuwu ahụ ebe usoro a na - eme - ngwa Golgi.

Ọrụ bụ isi nke insulin bụ ịhazi mkpokọta glucose na ọbara site n'enyemaka nke nbanye ya n'ime akwara na abụba nke ahụ. Insulin na - akwalite mmata nke glucose di nma (na - eme ka ihe membranes nke sẹtin ghara ime ihe nile), ihe ndi mmadu mejuputara ya na aru glycogen. Ahụ na-eji ihe eji ahụ ike na-abawanye nke ike ike (ịba ụba ọrụ ahụ, ọrịa).

Ma, insulin na-egbochi usoro a. Ọ na - egbochi mmebi nke abụba na ịmepụta nke ketone. Na-akpali njikọ nke abụba sitere na ngwaahịa ndị na-eme ka mmadụ nwee ike ibu. Lowers cholesterol, na - egbochi atherosclerosis. Homonụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na metabolism metabolism: ọ na - eme ka oriri nke nucleotides na amino acids nwee njikọ na DNA, RNA, acids nucleic, ma na - egbu oge nkwụsị nke ụmụ protein.

Usoro ndị a dị mkpa maka ịmepụta mgbochi. Insulin na - akwalite ahu ike nke amino acid, magnesium, potassium, na phosphates n’ime sel. Nchịkwa nke insulin chọrọ, na-adabere n'ọkwa glucose dị n'ọbara. Ọ bụrụ na etolite hyperglycemia, mgbe ahụ, mmepụta homonụ na-abawanye, na nke ozo.

N'ime medulla oblongata enwere mpaghara a na-akpọ hypothalamus. O nwere nucleus, nke na-enweta ozi gbasara glucose ngafe. Ihe nloghachi nlọghachi na-abanye na akwara akwara na sel beta nke pancreas, mgbe ahụ, izụlite insulin na-abawanye.

Site na mbelata nke glucose ọbara (hypoglycemia), nuclei nke hypothalamus na-egbochi ọrụ ha, ọzọ, mmụba insulin na-ebelata. Ya mere, akwara dị elu na endocrine na-edozi metabolism metabolism. Site na sistem akwara autonomic, akwara ahụ (na-akpali), ndị nwere ọmịiko (ihe mgbochi) na-emetụta usoro iwu nke mmepụta insulin.

Ekwuputala na glucose nwere ike ime ihe na sel beta nke agwaetiti nke Langerhans ma wepụta insulin. Ihe dị oke mkpa bụ ọrụ nke enzyme na - ebibi insulin. Ọ gbadoro kpamkpam na parenchyma imeju na akwara akwara. Site n'ọbara na-agafere imeju, ọkara nke insulin na-ebibi.

Homonụ ahụ, dị ka insulin, bụ polypeptide, mana n'ụkpụrụ nke molekul a, enwere naanị otu ụdị amino asịd. Site na ọrụ ya ka a na - ewere insulin antagonist. Akpụrụ mkpụrụ ndụ alfa. Uru kachasị bụ nbibi nke lipids na anụ ahụ adipose, mmụba nke mkpokọta glucose na ọbara.

Yana hormone ọzọ nke na-ezochi pancreas, homonụ nke uto na homonụ adrenaline (cortisol na adrenaline), ọ na - echekwa anụ ahụ site na ndagide ahụ ike (glucose). Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ dị mkpa:

n'ịkwalite ọbara ọbara gbasara akụrụ,
lezie cholesterol,
ike nke umeji imeghari,
na iwepu sodium n’arụ (na - eme ka azịza) ghara ịdị.

A na - ejikọ usoro nke ime ihe na mmekorita nke ndị na - anabata ụdọ sel. N'ihi ya, ọrụ na itinye uche na ọbara nke enzyme adenylate cyclase na-abawanye, nke na-akpali mmebi nke glycogen ka ọ bụrụ glucose (glycogenolysis). A na-achịkwa nzuzo ahụ maka ọkwa glucose na ọbara. Site na mmụba, a na-egbochi mmepụta glucagon, mbelata na-eme ka mmepụta ya pụta. A na-ebute nsogbu dị n'etiti akụkụ ahụ na-enwe nsogbu ahụ.

Polypeptide

Ihe jikọtara ya bụ naanị na ngwa nri. Etubeghi etu polypeptide si eme ihe na metabolicena. Mgbe polypeptide na-ahazi arụ ọrụ nke ahụ, ọ ga-amalite igbochi ọrụ nke pancreas, na-asọpụta mkpụrụ nke ihe ọ juiceụ ofụ n'ime afọ.

N'ọnọdụ mebiri ihe arụ nke anụ ahụ maka ọtụtụ ebumnuche, a gaghị emejupụta ihe nzuzo dị otu a n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Gastrin na-akpali mmepụta hydrogen chloride, na-abawanye arụpụta nke enzyme nke ihe ọricụricụ gastric site na mkpụrụ ndụ nke anụ ahụ, na -eme ma na-abawanye ọrụ nke bicorbates na mucosa na gastric mucosa, n'ihi nke a na-enweta mkpụrụ ndụ nchebe site na mmetụta ọjọọ nke pepsin na hydrochloric acid.

Homonụ ahụ na - eji nwayọ nwayọ n’usoro ịtọhapụ afọ.Nke a na-egosi ogologo oge nke mmetụta pepsin na acid na chyme achọrọ maka nri nri. O nwekwara ike ịchịkwa usoro maka mgbanwe nke carbohydrates, yabụ, na-abawanye arụpụta nke peptide na homonụ ndị ọzọ.

Ihe ndi ozo na aru oru

Achọpụtala homonụ ọzọ.

Lipocaine - nwere ike ịkwalite nguzobe nke abụba na oxidation nke aliphatic monobasic carboxylic acid, ọ na-echebe imeju na steatosis.
Centropnein - na-eme obi ụtọ na-emetụta etiti nke iku ume nke mpaghara ikpe azụ nke ụbụrụ, na-enyere aka iwelata akwara umeji.
Vagotonin - na-eme ka ọrụ nke vagal akwara dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka ihe omume ya na akwara dịkwuo mma.

Kedu ọgwụ nke homonụ na-egbu egbu

Ihe di nkpa ka ewere ya na ogwu insulin, nke ndi ulo ogwu di iche iche meputara. Ihe nrịba ama di iche na eji ogwu ojoo.

Site na mbido, ọgwụ ndị ahụ bụ:

ọgwụ okike - Actrapid, Monotard MC, teepu insulin GPP,
sịntetik - Homofan, Humulin.

Site na ọsọ nke ọgụ, oge nke mmetụta:

ịdị irè ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa, ọgwụ na-egosi mmetụta ha ọkara otu awa mgbe nchịkwa gasịrị, ihe a na-eme ọgwụ ahụ bụ ihe dị ka awa 8 - Insuman ngwa ngwa, Actrapid,
oge nkezi nke mmetụta, na-eme elekere 2 mgbe ejiri ya, nsonaazụ nke ọgwụ ahụ ruo ụbọchị - teepu Humulin, Monotard MC,
nkezi oge insulin na mkpirisi mkpirisi, mmalite nke ime ihe dị ka ọkara otu awa - Actrafan HM.

Hormones bụ isi na-ahazi usoro nke arụ nke ahụ, yabụ ọ dị mkpa ịmata nhazi nke akụkụ ahụ, nke homonụ na-eme ka mmadụ nwee ọrụ na ọrụ ha.

Mgbe ọrịa metụtara usoro digestive pụtara, dọkịta ga-edepụta ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ. Azịza dọkịta ahụ maka ọrịa pancreatitis ga-enyere aka ịghọta ihe kpatara ọrịa ahụ na otu esi agwọ ya.

Mkpụrụ ndụ akwara dị n’ime ala na ihe ha mepụtara

Ihe mejuputara arua mejuputara uzo abuo:

igba obubu ma obu ibu ya,
endocrine.

Isi ụzọ nke arụ ọrụ anụ ahụ:

Usoro endocrine nke ahụ, nke na - eme n'ihi njikọ nke ọtụtụ nzuzo,
mgbaze nri n'ihi ọrụ nke enzymes.

Theka ahụ n'ahụ na-eme ka mgbanwe nke mgbanwe anụ ahụ dị n'ahụ, na-eduga na mmezi nke mmekọrịta guzobere n'etiti akụkụ ya.

Akụkụ nke exocrine gụnyere obere lobules nke e mepụtara site na acreatreatic acini. Ha bụ akụkụ kachasị nke akụkụ ahụ.

Obere accalary ducts na-anọchi anya ihe owuwu acini, yana mpaghara ndị na - arụ ọrụ na - arụpụta nnukwu enzymes diges:

A na-etinyere akụkụ endocrine site na agwaetiti pacselụ dị n'etiti acini. Aha nke abụọ ha bụ agwaetiti nke Langerhans.

Nke ọ bụla n’ime sel ndị a bụ maka nrụpụta nke ụfọdụ ihe na - arụ ọrụ:

Glucagon- mkpụrụ ndụ alpha na-emepụta ya. Na-emetụta mmụba nke glycemia.
Insulin. Mkpụrụ ndụ Beta bụ ọrụ maka njikọ nke homonụ dị mkpa a. Insulin na - enyere aka itinye glucose ma mekwaa onodu ya nma n’ime ọbara.
Somatostatin. A na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ D-mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọrụ ya gụnyere nhazi nke ọrụ mpụga na nke ime nke gland.
Peptide eriri afọ nke Vasoactive - A na - emepụta ya n'ihi arụ ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ D1.
Polypeptide nke Pancreatic. Nmepụta ya gụnyere na mpaghara ọrụ maka mkpụrụ ndụ PP. Ọ na - achịkwa usoro nke izo ihe nzuzo ma na - akwalite mgbanwe nke ihe protein.
Gastrin na somatoliberinnke ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ gland. Ha na-emetụta ogo ihe ọ theụ ofụ nke afọ, pepsin na hydrochloric acid.
Lipocaine. A na-eme ihe nzuzo dị otú a site na sel nke ducts nke akụkụ ahụ.

Usoro nke ịbawanye na homonụ

Anụ ahụ chọrọ maka mmiri ọgwụ homonụ kwesiri ya na mkpa ọ dị inye oxygen na nri.

Ọrụ ha bụ:

Ndozi sel na uto.
Nke ọ bụla n’ime ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na-emetụta mgbanwe na nnata nke ike site na nri enyere.
Gbazi ọkwa nke calcium, glucose na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa Chọpụta dị na ahụ.

Ihe nke homonụ nke C-peptide bụ ihe dị n’ime irighiri insulin, n’oge njikọ nke ọ na-abanye n’usoro sistem, na-apụ na sel nke ala. Dabere na ntinye uche nke ihe dị na ọbara, a na-achọpụta ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus, ọnụnọ nke neoplasms na ọrịa imeju.

Iri oke ma ọ bụ, na ịka nkenke, enweghị homonụ na-eduga n'ọzụ nke ọrịa dị iche iche. Ọ bụ ya mere o ji dị mkpa ijikwa njikọ nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe ndị dị ndụ.

Ihe nzuzo a na-ewere ọnọdụ nke abụọ kachasị mkpa n'etiti homonụ na gland. Glucagon na-ezo aka na polypeptides dị mpempe ibu dị ala. O nwere amino acid 29.

Ọbara Glucagon na-abawanye n'ihi nrụgide, ọrịa shuga, ọrịa, mmebi akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala, yana mbelata n'ihi fibrosis, pancreatitis, ma ọ bụ ntụpọ anụ ahụ.

Ihe nhazi nke ihe a bụ proglucagon, nke ọrụ ya na-amalite n'okpuru nduzi nke enzymes proteolytic.

Ọkpụkpọ glucagon metụtara:

imeju
obi
olu ike
anụ ahụ adị.

Ọ na - eduga n'ịgba ngba nke glycogen na sel nke mejupụtara akwara ọkpụkpụ na hepatocytes.
Na-akwalite mmụba shuga.
Ọ na-egbochi glycogen biosynthesis, na-emepụta ebe nchekwa maka ụmụ irighiri ihe na carbohydrates.
Ọ na-agbaze abụba dịpụrụ adịpụ na ọdụdụ nke nwere ike ime dị ka isi iyi ike, yana ịgbanwe ka ụfọdụ anụ ahụ ketone. Ọrụ a kachasị mkpa na ọrịa shuga, n'ihi na ụkọ insulin na-ejikọkarị ya na mmụba nke ịta glucagon.

Nsonaazụ edepụtara nke polypeptide na-eso akpata ịrị elu na-ebute ogo shuga dị n'ọbara.

A na-ahụ homonụ a bụ ihe kacha arụ ọrụ na amịpụta. Mmepe na-eme n'esepụghị aka, n'agbanyeghị nri ị na-eri. Ọbara glucose na-emetụta insulin biosynthesis. Molemụ irighiri ihe ya nwere ike ịbanye na mkpụrụ ndụ beta, na-abanye n'ihu ọxịkọ na-esote ma na-eduga n'ịmepụta obere nke ATP.

N'ihi nsonaazụ a, a na-ebo sel ndị ahụ ion dị mma n'ihi ike ewepụtara, yabụ ha malitere itufu insulin.

Ihe ndi a n’enye aka na nguzobe homonụ:

Mmụba na glucose ọbara.
Oriri nri nke nwere ọ bụghị naanị carbohydrates.
Nsonaazụ nke ụfọdụ kemịkal.
Amino acid.
Mmụba ọdịnaya nke calcium, potassium, yana mmụba nke asịd.

Mbelata nke ọnụọgụ homonụ na - emegide ihe ndabere nke:

somatostatin,
ịgbali nke alfa adrenergic ndị na-anabata ya.

na-edozi usoro mmezi,
na-eme ka akpịrịkpa (glucose daa),
na-eme ka ikike ndi mmadu na-adi ike,
na-egbochi njikọta glucose,
na-eme ka njikọ nke lipoproteins, acid dị elu,
Na-egbochi uto nke ketones, na-eme dị ka toxins maka ahụ,
na-ekere òkè na ikuku nke protein.
na-egbochi ịbanye n'ime ọdụdụ ọdụdụ n'ime ọbara, si otú ahụ belata ihe ize ndụ nke atherosclerosis.

Vidio gbasara ọrụ insulin dị n’ahụ:

Polypeptide

Ihe nzuzo ahụ mejupụtara amino acid 36. A na-emepụta nzuzo nke afọ a site na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nwere ebe ọriare na mpaghara isi, yana mpaghara endocrine.

Exocrine ejiji Arụ ọrụ n'ihi mbelata nke mkpokọta trypsin, yana ụfọdụ enzymes ndị dị na duodenum.
Na-emetụta ọkwa na njiri mara nke glycogen nke emepụtara na sel sel.
Na-emegharị mọzụlụ nke ọnya afọ.

Mmụba nke ọkwa homonụ na-eme n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe dịka:

ibu ọnụ ogologo oge
nri protein
mmega ahụ
hypoglycemia,
homonụ nri usoro homonụ.

Mbelata nke ọkwa ahụ na-apụta n'ihi ntinye nke glucose ma ọ bụ megide ndabere nke somatostatin.

Ihe a na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị na pancreas, kamakwa afọ. N'okpuru ya, ihe niile dị ndụ na - agbanye na mgbaze. Ebibi ya na usoro ya na-aka njọ ịba uru nke eriri afọ.

Nnukwu gastrin - nwere amino acids 4 dị.
Micro - mejupụtara amino acid 14.
Obere - amino acid di 17 n’usoro ya.

Ofdị nyocha nke homonụ

Iji chọpụta ọkwa nke homonụ, a na-eme nyocha dị iche iche:

Diagnostic na abụọ. Emere nnwale ọbara ọ bụghị naanị iji mata ihe dị iche iche arụpụtara n'ime ahụ, kamakwa iji kọwaa ihe ndị na-egosi homonụ nke pituitary.
Nyocha mkpali, na-egosi ntinye nke ihe ndị na-eduga na ngagharị nke anụ ahụ emetụtara. Enweghị uto nke hormone pụtara mmepe nke emebi akụkụ ahụ.
Nnwale na-akpali akpali, nke na-agụnye ntinye nke gland blockers n'ime ọbara. Ntughari uche na ọrụ nke gland megidere ndabere nke ndọtị arụrụ ahụ ga-egosi mgbanwe na ọkwa homonụ.
Ngwongwo ndu, nke n’eme ka ichoputa ogo nke otutu egosi, tinyere calcium, potassium, iron.
Nnyocha ọbara maka enzymes.

Na mgbakwunye na ule ndị a dị n'elu, enwere ike ikenye onye ọrịa ahụ nyocha ọzọ, na-enye gị ohere ịme nchọpụta ziri ezi (ultrasound, laparotomy na ndị ọzọ).

Gini bu ogwu ogu?

Ọ bụ ya bụ otu n’ime ihe dị mkpa n’ahụ. Anụ a na-apịaji ma arụ ọrụ na mpụga. Nke mbu bu imeputa nri enzymes nke n’enyere nri nri. Secondtù nke abụọ na-arụ ọrụ gụnyere imepụta homonụ nke metụtara usoro metabolic dị iche iche. E nwere iron n’ime oghere dị n’ime afọ, dịka ihe dị n’akụkụ otubo.

N'ọnọdụ ndị dị a shouldaa ka m kwesịrị ịkpachara anya?

Ọ bụrụ na nsogbu a na akụkụ a ebilite, a na-achọpụta mgbaàmà ndị a:

nkọ mgbu na akụkụ aka ekpe nke na-eme mgbe eri,
iju ma ọ bụ nke na-efunahụ agụụ,
gagging na flatulence.

Ọ bụrụ na mgbaama ndị a emee, gaa dọkịta. Ọ ga-edegharị akwụkwọ ndegharị aha ka ụlọ nyocha iji nwalee. Ihe bụ isi bụ ịchọpụta ọrịa ahụ n’oge n’oge na enweghị ọghọm ya.

Pancreas, homonụ na ọrụ

A na-emepụta homonụ niile site n'ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ endocrine:

Sel nke a bụ maka ịhe odo odo nke glucagon ma ọ bụ “homonụ agụụ”. Ha nwere 20% n'ime mkpokọta. Ihe homonụ a na-arụ bụ nnukwu ọrụ n'ịba ụba glucose ọbara.
Cell B na - emepụta insulin homonụ. N'ime mkpụrụ ndụ endocrine, ọnụ ọgụgụ ya buru ibu. Ọrụ bụ isi bụ belata glucose ma dowe ya n'usoro enyere.
Cell C na-emepụta homonụ somatostatin. Ọ bụ 10% nke mkpokọta. Homonụ a na-edozi ma na-ahazi ọrụ mpụga na nke ime nke pancreas.
Mkpụrụ ndụ PP dị maka ịpụta polypeptide nri diges. Anụ a na-amịrị pensụl na-akpata obere nke homonụ. Enwere ike ịchọta ya na metabolism protein na usoro nke bile.
Mkpụrụ ndụ G na-eme ka homonụ nke homonụ na obere obere. Isi mmalite nke ọdịdị ya bụ mucosa gastric. Ọ na-emetụta ọdịdị nke ihe ọesụ digụ nri, na-edozi ihe ndị mejupụtara ya.

Nke a abụghị ndepụta nke ihe ndị e wepụrụ. A na-eme ka pancreas kpuchie homonụ nke C-peptide, nke bụ akụkụ nke insulin ma achọta ya na metabolism. Iji chọpụta ọnụọgụ ya, a na-ewere ọbara maka nyocha. Dabere na nsonaazụ ya, a na-ekwubiga ókè insulin na-emepụta. N’aka ozo, guzobe ezughi oke ma obu ngafe nke ihe a na - ekwu.

Homonụ ndị ọzọ nke pancreas mepụtara na-adị na obere. Olu ha kwesiri ekwesi ndi ozo. Otu ọmụmaatụ bụ homonụ thyroliberin, nke zoro ezo na hypothalamus.

Dika ekwuputara na mbu, insulin bu ihe di nkpa nke n’eme n’usoro di iche. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na metabolism nke carbohydrates. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ahụ ya na mmeghachi omume nje na-eme n'oge ndụ niile. Isi ọrụ:

Usoro nchịkwa glucose metabolism. A na-ebuga homonụ ahụ n’akwara dị iche iche ma na-egbochi mmalite nke glycemia.
Chọpụta ọrụ dị mkpa nke anụ ahụ site na imeju umeji na akwara ndị ọzọ.
Nchịkọta nke ọnụọgụ glucose chọrọ na itinye ya n'ụdị glycogen na imeju na akwara.
Mwepu nke ọdịdị nke lipids ma soso sistem nke egbugbere ọnụ.
Nchikota metabolism. Na-akwalite njikọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ amino acid zuru oke, nke na-atụnye ụtụ na ngwa ngwa mkpụrụ ndụ.

Ọrụ bụ isi bụ ịhazi ókè shuga dị n’ọbara ma nyefee uru ahụ n’akwara, akwara na anụ ahụ. Homonụ nke pancreas mepụtara, insulin, na-agbanwe glucose na glycogen. Nke ikpeazụ, n'aka nke ya, na-agbakọ na imeju ma bụrụkwa isi mmalite nke ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọnọdụ ndị dị ize ndụ. Ndepụta uru insulin na-agwụ. Ezigbo homonụ a na - akpata ọrịa na - akpata ọrịa.

Hormone glucagon

Ọnụ ọgụgụ glucagon n'ime ọbara, ma e jiri ya tụnyere homonụ gara aga, ọtụtụ oge na-erughị. Agbanyeghị, metabolism metabolism ezughị ezu n’enweghị ya, sitekwa n’enyemaka ya, a na-eme ka njikwa nke glucose ọbara. Glucagon bụ ngwaahịa insulin, ya mere, na-abawanye ụba shuga n'ọbara. Ma, nke a bụ naanị otu ọrụ nke homonụ. Ọ na-ekere òkè na usoro ndị ọzọ:

na-enye aka n'ibibi abụba na ịchịkwa kọlestrọl
na - ekere òkè na metabolism nke magnesium ma na - enyere ahụ aka nke sodium na phosphorus,
na-akwado arụmọrụ obi,
na-emetụta mmepụta insulin nke mkpụrụ ndụ B,
na-achịkwa nke cholesterol ma na-ebute ya na ọnọdụ nkịtị,
na-eweghachi ebe mebiri emebi nke imeju,
mgbe oke ihe mejupụtara, nnukwu glucose na-abanye n'ọbara ọbara, nke, mgbe gị na adrenaline na-emekọrịta, na-enye ume ọrụ ọzọ.

Mkpụrụ ndụ mepụta glucagon n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a:

shuga dị ala
mmega ahụ
erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ na nri dị iche iche.
overvoltage,
ịbanye na ọbara nke ukwuu nke adrenaline.

Ezigbo homonụ a dị n’ọbara na-egosi ọrịa dị iche iche, dị ka ọrịa akịrịngwa. Mkpokọta glucagon na-egosiputa ọnọdụ glucagon (akpụ). N'okwu a, ọkwa nke ihe ahụ na-ala ruo oke dị elu. Ọzọkwa, ịba ụba nke glucagon na-egosi ọrịa shuga, pancreatitis na cirrhosis.

Hormone somatostatin

Hormone ọzọ dị mkpa bụ somatostatin. Mkpụrụ ndụ C na-emepụta ya na ngwara. Na mgbakwunye, ọ dị na listi homonụ nke hypothalamus mepụtara. Aha "somatostatin" bụ ebumnuche ya. Ọ na-ebelata mmepụta nke homonụ na nri ndị ọzọ na ahụ mmadụ.

Isi ọrụ nke somatostatin:

mbelata shuga
na-egbochi imepụta homonụ nke bụ isi na ihe ndị a na-ahụ n’anụ ahụ,
na-emetụta guzobe gastrin na hydrochloric acid,
na-achịkwa ọbara n'ọbara,
na-egbochi ndakpọ nke sugars nri,
nsonaazụ na njikọ nke ihe digestive.

Site n'inyocha homonụ a na-eme ka a na-egbu ya na njiri mara ha, ndị sayensị nwee ike ịzụlite ọgwụ.

Ọgwụ nwere insulin

Enwere ike ime nkwadebe homonụ nke anụ ahụ sitere na ihe ndị sitere n'okike na sịntetik. A na-eji ha agwọ ọrịa ọrịa ndị hụrụ insulin ụkọ. Na omume, eji ụdị atọ: anụ ezi, anụ ezi na nke mmadụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji ụdị nke mbụ eme ihe. Ọgwụ niile na-enyochacha nke ọma. N'ihi ya, e guzobere kristal, monopic na monocomponent. Taa, a na - enweta insulin site na gland ụmụ anụmanụ, yana ụzọ ndị ọzọ:

sitere na ihe eji aru aru
mmịpụta nke ihe sitere na pancreas,
iji ọkara ihe njikọta,
ihe eji emepụta ihe banyere ala.

A na-ejikarị Semi-synthetics na usoro usoro usoro ihe mgbe mgbe. A na - enweta ụdị homonụ nke mbụ site na insulin na-ezi. N'okwu a, alanine amino acid na-eji threonine dochie ya. N’ọdịnihu, ọgwụ ọgwụ niile ga-emepụta ya.

Site na oge omume nke homonụ ahụ bụ:

Dị Mfe - oge dị mkpirikpi nke ime ihe, enwere ihe dị n’ime ahụ ruo awa 3. A na-edozi insulins ndị a dị ọcha subcutaneously.
Mmetụta ogologo oge - Ọ bụ nkwụsị nke insulin nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya nke zinc nke ionized.
Ngwakọta a gwakọtara ọnụ bụ ihe eji eme kristal na insulin na zinc, nke emere site na insulin anụ ehi.

Ọgwụ Glucagon

Homonụ nke ụjọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ A na B nwere njikọ. A na-eji nke ikpeazụ eme ka ọnụọgụ glucose dị n’ahụ. N'ihi mmetụta antispasmodic ya, a na-eji ya na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa mellitus, yana na nkwarụ. Enwere ike inye ọgwụ ahụ site na usoro ọ bụla: intravenously, intramuscularly na subcutaneously.

Ọgwụ Somatostatin

N'ime akwụkwọ ahụike ahụ enwere aha ndị ọzọ maka homonụ a: modastatin na stylamine. A na-eji ya na ọgwụgwọ nke ọnya, nsogbu nke esophagus, gastritis na ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-akpata ọbara ọgbụgba na-adị. Somatostatin dị mkpa maka mmadụ imepụta ọnya na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na akwara, eriri afọ na ọnya afọ.

Ọgwụ a na-abanye n'ime ahụ ya na eji eji eme ihe. Ewebata n’ime ụbọchị ole na ole.

Jiri

A na-atụghị ọgwụ niile emere site na homonụ nke puru iche. Ikwesiri ime nyocha nyocha ahụike ma gabiga ule ndị dị mkpa. A na - ahọrọ ọgwụ homonụ site n'aka endocrinologist dịka nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ ahụ si dị. Doụbiga ókè ókè na-akpata nsonaazụ ndị dị njọ. N’inwe insulin n’arụ n’arụ, ọbara glucose na-agbada. Ọ na-eyi egwu ma ọ bụ ọnwụ.

Mbido ọrụ

A na-ekesa homonụ nke ọrịa ụjọ site n'ọbara site na akụkụ ahụ yana oxygen na enzymes na-edozi ahụ. Ha na arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ahụ mmadụ.

Homonụ nke anụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ndị a:

Nri azu ma mezie ya.
Isonye na usoro metabolic.
Regulation shuga, calcium na ihe ndi ozo di n’ime ahu.

Homonụ a na-efe efe nwere ike ịdị ụkọ ma ọ bụ buru oke ibu. Nke a na - ebute ọrịa dị iche iche. Chọpụta ihe kpatara ya na ịgwọ ya bụ ọrụ siri ike chọrọ ezigbo mbọ. Achọpụtara nchọpụta ahụ site na endocrinologist dabere n'ọmụmụ ihe na nyocha ụlọ nyocha. Gbalia ime nyocha onwu na nyocha nke hormone.

Ọrịa kachasị ebute bụ ọrịa shuga. A ga-echebe ọrịa na-efeji, ebe enwere ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ siri ike na-emetụta ndụ mmadụ.

Ọrịa mgbu

Ọrịa ọzọ bụ ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo. Iji gwọọ ya, ị ga-agbasosi nri - nke a bụ iwu bụ isi. Ọ bụrụ na a hụghị ya, ọrịa ahụ nwere ike banye n'ọgbọ na-adịghị ala ala.

Site na oria pancreatitis ma ọ bụ oria ọria ọzọ, a na - achọpụta ihe ndia.

mgbu n'akụkụ aka ekpe
ọsụsọ
akpụkpọ anụ edo na anya anya,
adịghị ike
vomiting
afọ ọsịsa
nnukwu aru ogu.

Iji zere nsogbu na pancreas, ị ga-agbaso ọtụtụ iwu. Nke mbụ, soro usoro nri. Amachibidoro ị eatụ anwụrụ ọkụ, oseose, nri nnu, yana ịkwụsị omume ọjọọ. Nri kwesiri ịdị na obere doses 5-6 ugboro n'ụbọchị.

Dị Mkpa! Nri ahụ ị na-eme kwa ụbọchị kwesịrị ime maka ego maka mmega ahụ.

Ihe ga-eme eme ma ọ dabere na mmadụ. Ọ bụrụ n’ịghọta ịdị njọ nke ọrịa nke akụkụ a, onye ọrịa ga-enwe ohere ịchebe akụkụ dị mkpa. Imebi ihe nwere ike ime n'akụkụ ọ bụla. Isi ihe bụ ịchọpụta ma bido ịgwọ ya n'oge.

Dị Mkpa! Amachibidoro ị -ụ onwe gị ọgwụ.

Medication -ụ ọgwụ onwe gị na-emerụ ahụ ike mgbe niile. Ee, enwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa ahụ ọtụtụ oge, mana ọ bụghị obere oge n'ihi iji ọgwụ adịghị mma, nsogbu ndị ka njọ na-etolite. Ọ ka mma imefu ego na ndị ọkachamara na ọgwụ dị elu karịa ijide ụdọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ.