Nicotinic acid

A na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe maka igbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke ụkọ vitamin PP (B3), atherosclerosis, spasm nke akụkụ ụbụrụ, akwara na akụkụ akwara, neuropathy. Usoro ọgwụgwọ dị elu na iji ogologo oge na-akpaghasị imeju, usoro metabolic. Ọ na-atụ aro ka ị na-etinye chiiz ụlọ na nri na iji nicotinic acid.

Gụọ akụkọ a

Uru na ọghọm nke nicotinic acid

Ọgwụ a nwere ọrụ vitamin ma na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume iku ume anụ ahụ, ịmepụta protein, abụba na mmebi nke ụlọ ahịa glycogen na imeju na akwara. Ọnụnọ nke acid nicotinic n'ime ọbara na-eme ka usoro nke oxidation na ume ọrụ pụta. Njirimara ọgwụgwọ mbụ bụ:

• mgbochi nke nmeghari nke atherosclerosis,
• mmụba nke ọbara
• mmụba nke akụrụngwa, akwara na arịa ụbụrụ,
• Mbelata mmenaanya,
• mmeju nke imeju, afọ na eriri afọ (na obere doses),
• mee ngwangwa ọgwụgwọ nke ọnya na ntụpọ ọnya,
• mweghachi nke usoro ihe mkpali na akwara akwara.

A na-akpọ Nicotinic acid ọgwụ antipellagric, ebe ọ bụ na site na ụkọ ya “akara atọ” d na-apụta: ọnya anụ ahụ (ọnya akpịrị), afọ ọsịsa (ọnya afọ) na dementia (dementia).

Mgbe ị na-a doụ ọgwụ dị elu, na-acha ọbara ọbara nke ihu na ahụ, akpịrị, ọkụ na-enwu ọkụ, ọnụọgụ na nsọtụ na-eme, na-enwewanye mmetụ nke Nicotinic acid, ọbara mgbali elu na-ebelata, enwere ike imebi oke ọgbụgba obi, ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgbọ, ọnụnọ nke anụ ahụ. Mgbe ha na-enyocha ndị ọrịa jirila ọgwụ a ogologo oge, ha chọpụtara:

• na-abawanye glucose na uric acid n'ime ọbara,
• imeju nwere abuba,
• uru dị arọ metụtara carbohydrate na-akpata ike na abụba metabolism,
• mmebi nke akpụkpọ ahụ mucous nke afọ, duodenum na obere eriri afọ.

Otu n’ime ihe ndị ọzọ ọ na-arụpụta bụ ito eto na-eto ngwa ngwa site na iji ngwa mpụga. Ndị na-eme ozu na-eji ya edozi isi.

Na ebe a bu ihe banyere ọgwụgwọ nke dyslipidemia.

Omume ọgwụ

Niacin bụ onyinye yiri nke a na nicotinamide.

Ojiji nke nicotinic acid dị mkpa maka ịkwalite mgbasa ọbara, ọrụ ụbụrụ, mgbanwe nke amino acid, abụba, carbohydrates, na protein.

Nke a na vitamin dị ezigbo mkpa maka igbochi ọrịa obi. Ọ na - enyere aka belata cholesterol, lipoprotein na triglyceride - ihe ndị na - egbochi arịa, na - enye aka ịbawanyewanye ike na ịmepụta ọbara ọgbụgba, na igbochi ịmịnye ọbara.

Ihe ngosi maka iji nicotinic acid

A na-enye vitamin site na intravenly, a na-ewere ya ọnụ, subcutaneous na intramuscular injections nke nicotinic acid.

A na-eji ngwaọrụ ahụ agwọ ọrịa ma gbochie pellagra, ịgwọ ụdị ọrịa shuga, ọrịa obi, ọnya afọ, imeju, enterocolitis, gastritis nwere acidity dị ala, na-arịa ọrịa anụ ahụ na-adịghị mma, na-ebelata ọnya ụbụrụ, ogwe aka na ụkwụ, akụrụ.

Ọzọkwa, a gụnyere ọgwụ ahụ na ọgwụgwọ mgbagwoju anya nke ọdịdị ihu ihu, atherosclerosis, ọrịa dị iche iche.

Ntụziaka maka ojiji nke nicotinic acid

Ejiri Nicotinic acid maka prophylaxis maka ndị okenye 15-25 mg, ụmụaka 5-20 mg kwa ụbọchị.

Maka ọgwụgwọ nke pellagra, ndị okenye na-ewere nicotinic acid na mbadamba 100 mg ruo anọ r / ụbọchị maka ụbọchị 15-20. You nwere ike tinye 1% acid acid - 1 ml ruo abụọ r / ụbọchị maka ụbọchị 10-15. Enyere ụmụaka 5-50 mg abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ r / ụbọchị.

Dabere na ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ, ndị okenye na-ewere vitamin na 20-50 mg, ụmụaka 5-30 mg ruo atọ r / ụbọchị.

Dịka vasodilator maka ọrịa strok ischemic, a na-eme 1 ml nke nicotinic acid na ntanetị.

Ọkpụkpụ intramuscular na subcutaneous nke nicotinic acid, n'adịghị ka nchịkwa akwara intanet, na-egbu mgbu. Iji zere iwe iwe, enwere ike iji nnu sodium nke nicotinic acid mee ihe.

N'ihi ikike nke vitamin a iji mee ka akwara ọbara dị, nicotinic acid bara uru maka ntutu isi - ọ na-akpali uto ha. Maka ọgwụgwọ ntutu, a na-ete ya osisa n'ime skal ụbọchị 30, 1 ml ọ bụla (otu ampoule).

Tinye ihe ngwọta dị n'ụdị ya dị ọcha na ntakịrị mmiri, sachara ntutu. Mgbe ọnwa gachara ntutu iji nicotinic acid, a na-asacha dandruff site na isi, mgbọrọgwụ na-esikwu ike, ntutu na-etokwa 4-6 cm. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, enwere ike imeghari ihe ọmụmụ ugboro ugboro, na etiti oge nke ụbọchị 15-20.

Jiri nicotinic acid nke ọma mee ihe n’ihu. A na-ahazi mgbatị ibu site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na vitamin na-eme ka metabolism dịkwuo ala, na-enyere aka mee ka ọbara dị ọcha, ọbụna kọlestrọl, wepụ ọla ndị dị arọ, toxins. Usoro ogwu nke nicotinic acid maka ịba oke bụ mmadụ maka mmadụ ọ bụla, ọ bụkwa 100-250 mg kwa ụbọchị. A na-ewere acid nicotinic acid na mbadamba ihe, ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 1 g kwa ụbọchị, ọtụtụ ugboro n'ụbọchị. A na-ewere mmeghachi omume acid na ụdị ọbara ọbara nke anụ ahụ na iwere ọkụ dị ka ihe dị mma. Site na ịba ụba nke acid nke secretion nke afọ, a na-enweta vitamin naanị mgbe eri.

Nsonaazụ

Ojiji nke nicotinic acid nwere ike ibute: redness nke akpụkpọ nke ihu, ọkara nke anụ ahụ, ọkụ ọkụ, ọnya na aka, nkụchi, iwe ọkụ. Mmetụta ndị a na-apụ apụ n'onwe ha.

Site na iwebata vitamin ngwa ngwa, nrụgide ahụ nwere ike ịda nke ọma, yana iji ogologo oge na nnukwu usoro, ọgwụ ahụ nwere ike ịkpasu mpụta nke dystrophy nke imeju. Iji gbochie ọrịa a, a na-enye vitamin otu oge na methionine.

Gịnị bụ nicotinic acid?

Vitamin PP, B3 ma ọ bụ nicotinic acid (aha Latin bụ nicotinic acidum) bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ahụ. Ozugbo ọ dị, a na-akụri ya niacinamide, nke a na-abanye na usoro nke metabolism abụba. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke vitamin bụ ntụgharị nri na ume. Ihe achọrọ kwa ụbọchị maka nicotinic acid bụ 5-10 mg, maka ụmụ nwanyị dị ime - 15 mg. Dọkịta na-aga ahụ na-edepụta ya ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ihe akaebe.

Mpempe mwepụta

Dika nkowa nke ogwu, achoputara uzo ndia ka eji emeghari vitamin a:

• vitamin B3 na ampoules - 1 ml nke ọ bụla, ampoules mere nke iko, pH nke injection solution bụ 5-7,
• ntụ ntụ maka ntụtụ
• mbadamba (50 PC.) - ọgwụ iji kpoo ụkọ acid, ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị dị ike bụ 0.05 g,
• Ngwọta satinum Nicotinate –0.1% nicotine ngwọta.

Nkwadebe nke Nicotinic acid

Vitamin bụ ihe dị mkpa na nkwadebe Vititodurol, Vicinein, Xantinol Nicotinate, Lipostabil, Nikoverin, Nikoshpan, Spazmokor. Ọ dị n'ụdị abụọ - acid na nicotinamide. Formatszọ abụọ a bụ ọgwụ eji arụ ọrụ, nke ha nwere otu ebumnuche ọgwụ, ụdị ọgwụgwọ ahụ. A gụnyere Nicotinamide na nkwadebe:

• mbadamba nkume na inacinamide injection
• Nikonacid
• Mbadamba ụrọ na Ngwọta Nicotinamide,
• Apelagrin,
• Niacin
• Nikoverin
• Nicotinic acid Bufus ma ọ bụ Vial,
• Enduracin.

Ntụziaka maka ojiji nke nicotinic acid

Dabere na nkọwapụta ahụ, a pụrụ iji vitamin PP mee ihe n'ụdị mbadamba (site na ọnụ mgbe nri gasịrị) na ampoules (parenterally). Dịka prophylaxis, a na-enye ndị okenye 0.015-0.025 g kwa ụbọchị. Mgbe ewere pellagra ụbọchị 15-20, 0.1 g 2-4 ugboro / ụbọchị, ma ọ bụ were ntụtụ 1% nke 1 ml ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị maka ụbọchị 10-15. Maka ọrịa ndị ọzọ, ndị okenye na-ewere 0.1 g nke ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị mmetụta ndị dị na ya, na ọgwụgwọ nke atherosclerosis na nsogbu nke ike nke metabolism, enwere ike ịba ụba otu 1 gaa, ghee kwa ụbọchị ruo 4 g.

A na-eji Vitamin PP na mbadamba eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ ogologo oge na mgbochi ọrịa. N'okwu nke mbụ, a na-atụ aro ka ewere ha n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na oge opupu ihe ubi maka ndị nwere nsogbu mgbasa nke akụkụ ala. A na-ahapụ ya ka ọ were mbadamba 1-2 ugboro atọ n'ụbọchị, mgbe ị na-akwado methionine iji chebe imeju. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa nwere mmụba acidic nke ihe ọricụricụ gastric, a na-a theụ ọgwụ ahụ mgbe e risịrị nri, jiri mmiri ịnweta ma ọ bụ mmiri ara ehi sachaa.

Ọ bụrụ na ị drinkụọ ọgwụ tupu nri, nke a nwere ike butere ahụ erughị ala: ịgba ọkụ na afọ, ọgbụgbọ. Usoro onunu ogwu dabere n’afọ, oke na ọrịa:

• maka mgbochi, ana - ewere 25 mg / ụbọchị,
• na ịpụta pellagra 100 mg ugboro 3-4 / ụbọchị na usoro nke ụbọchị 15-20,
• ya na atherosclerosis 2-3 / ụbọchị, 3-4,
• n'ihe banyere metabolism nke abụba na mbụ n'izu, were 500 mg otu ugboro, na nke abụọ ugboro abụọ, na nke atọ ugboro atọ, usoro ahụ bụ ọnwa 2.5-3
• ka iwelie ịta nke lipoproteins dị elu, kwesịrị ka a 1 g / ụbọchị,
• iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa obi 500-1000 mg / ụbọchị,
• a na-emeghari usoro ọgwụgwọ ugboro ugboro n’otu ọnwa.

You nwere ike tinye ọgwụ n’ụdị nke Subcutaneous, intravenous or intramuscular injections. A na-agunye Nicodinic acid inje n'ime akwara nwayọ, n'ime ụgbọ mmiri, na gburugburu ụlọ ọgwụ n'ihi ihe egwu ọ nwere ike ịdaba na mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ. Anabatịrị inwa na intramuscular ka inwee iji maka onwe ha n'ụlọ. Ha na-egbu mgbu nke ukwuu, yabụ ị kwesịrị ịhọrọ ebe kwesịrị ekwesị.

Ebe kachasị mma maka injections bụ akụkụ dị elu nke ubu, ihu apata ụkwụ, mgbidi ihu nke ihu na-enweghị oke ibu, akụkụ elu dị na elu nke buttock. Site na nchịkwa subcutaneous, ọ ka mma ịdobe aka na mbido na n'ihu ihu nke afọ. Ojiji maka irighiri akwara, intramuscular na subcutaneous injections nwere ike ịbụ usoro 1,5 ma ọ bụ 2.5%, na-ahụzi 1-2 ugboro n'ụbọchị. Usoro onunu ogwu dabere na udiri oria a:

• yana mgbaàmà nke pellagra na erughi - 50 mg intravenously ma ọ bụ intramuscularly 100 mg 1-2 ugboro / ụbọchị maka ụbọchị 10-15,
• ya na oria ischemic - 100-500 mg intravenously,
• ya na oria ndi ozo na umuaka na eji ogwu.

Etu esi abanye intramuscularly

Mgbe ịhọrọ ebe, hichaa ya na antiseptik, sere ihe nkedo n'ime sirinji, hapụ nsị ole na ole, bulie ya na agịga iji chụpụ ikuku ikuku, gbanye ntụtụ, jiri ọgwụ mmanya ma ọ bụ chlorhexidine mee ya. Maka ọgwụ ntụtụ ọ bụla, họrọ ebe ọhụrụ, na-apụ na mbụ 1-1.5 cm.Ihe inramuscular ka a na-eme dị ka ndị a: tinye agịga nke ọma, jiri nwayọ pịa pisịn ahụ wee hapụ ihe ngwọta.

Niacin n'oge ime na lact

Ọ bụrụ na afọ ime na-aga n’ihu, enyeghị ọgwụ Vitamin PP. N'ihe banyere ị drugụ ọgwụ, ọtụtụ afọ ime, arụ ọrụ nke Plasenta, ọrịa nke akwara na akụkụ biliary, a na-egosipụta ọgwụ ahụ maka iji ya. Mgbe ị na-ebu nwata, ngwaahịa a na-ewepụ spasm, meziwanye mgbasa ọbara, belata viscosity. Vitamin B3 na - egbochi imeju ọbara, mgbochi nke arịa nke Plasenta, belata ohere nke ọnwụ nwa ebu n’afọ na ịmụghị amụ. Iji mee ka ịba ụba, a na-egosipụta mbadamba mbadamba, ma jiri nlezianya na nyochaa ọnọdụ nwa ahụ.

Jiri na umuaka

Ruo afọ abụọ, ị takingụ ọgwụ ampoule vitamin B3 dị n'ime ụmụaka. Enwere ike ịnye nwatakịrị ọgwụ ọgwụ ahụ, site na ọnụ ka o jiri ihe ọ drinksụ coldụ oyi, mmiri ịnweta. Usoro onunu ogwu dabere na ebumnuche:

• maka mgbochi - 0.005-0.02 g kwa ụbọchị,
• ya na pellagra - 0.005-0.05 g ugboro abụọ n ’ụbọchị,
• ọrịa ndị ọzọ - 0.005-0.03 g ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị.

Nicotinic acid na mmanya

Ndị na-eme ọrụ na ndị sayensị chọpụtara mmetụta mmịpụta nke vitamin B3. Ọ na - enyere aka iwepu ihe ndị na - egbu egbu n'ahụ ahụ, na - ejikọta ọgwụ na - enweghị ihe ọ bụla, na - egbochi mmetụta nke nsị na mkpụrụ ndụ nke akwara na anụ ahụ. A na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ibelata mmanya, na-a ofụbiga mmanya ókè na iri ahụ riri ahụ, na-ekpughere ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ n'ebe ọrụ.

Mkparịta ụka ọgwụ ọjọọ

Tupu ịdepụta vitamin PP, gwa dọkịta gị ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-a anyụ ọgwụ ọ bụla n'ihi na ọ nwere mmekọrịta ọgwụ ndị a:

• mgbe ejikọtara ya na fibrinolytics, cardiac glycosides na antispasmodics, na-eme ka mmetụta ahụ kawanye mma,
• mgbe ị na-a barụ barbiturates, neomycin, sulfonamides, ọgwụ ndị na-akpata ụkwara ume yana mmụba nke nsí na - eso ya,
• na - eme ka mmadụ nwekwuo ihe ọ bụla dị na ya mgbe ọ na - a withụ ọgwụ ọgwụ mgbochi ọnụ, aspirin, anticoagulants
• nicotinic acid na-amalite uto na-egbu egbu site na ọgwụ ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ala.
• na-ebelata ịdị ike nke nsonaazụ nke ọgwụ ọgwụ megide ọrịa shuga.

Mmanya ndakọrịta

Dabere na ntuziaka maka ojiji nke vitamin B3, ọ dakọtara na mmanya, ọgwụ na-agụnye ethanol. Mmetụta dị ize ndụ bụ mmụba na nsị na-egbu egbu na imeju, mbelata na nnabata nke bile acid. Ọ dị mma ịkwụsị ị drinksụ ihe ọ andụ medicationsụ na-aba n'anya na ọgwụ mgbe ị na-a theụ ọgwụ.

Ihe ngbanwe

Ntuziaka maka ojiji nke vitamin B3 na ampoules na mbadamba nkume nwere ihe ngosi maka contraindications:

• ụdị ọbara mgbali elu, atherosclerosis (intravenously),
• hypersensitivity na mmiri,
• ogologo oge na-etinye ọrịa imeju na-egbu egbu (ị nwere ike iwepụ nke a site na ijikọ iji ego na ngwaahịa nwere nnukwu methionine, usoro methionine edepụtara ma ọ bụ mmetụta lipotropic)

Ntụziaka pụrụ iche

Ihe a na-etinye n'ime kicotine ọ bụla nwere ntuziaka pụrụ iche nke a ga-ahụrịrị mgbe ị na-ewere ngwaahịa a:

• a na-enyekwa vitamin dị elu n'oge afọ ime, na-enye nwa ara,
• n'oge ọgwụgwọ, a ga-enyocha ọrụ imeju,
• jiri nicotinic acid na-akpachara anya ma ọ bụrụ na hyperacid gastritis, ọnya (mucous akpụkpọ ahụ na-ewe iwe), ịba ọcha n'anya, ntụpọ, ọrịa shuga mellitus,
• A naghị eji maka mgbazi nke ọrịa dyslipidemia na ndị ọrịa mamịrị,
• na mmalite nke iji, a na-enyocha ọdịnaya nke abụba, sugars, uric acid,
• iji ogologo oge na-eyi egwu ma ọ bụrụ na -echeta vitamin C.

Dika ihe eji arụ ọrụ, usoro analogues nke ọgwụ a na-atụle ga-iche iche, nke nwere ụdị ọgwụgwọ ahụ, nke ndị nrụpụta ụlọ ma ọ bụ ndị mba ọzọ mepụtara:

• Niacin
• Nicotinic acid Bufus ma ọ bụ Vial,
• Enduracin,
• Apelagrin,
• Liplite
• Nicodon
• Nikonacid
• Nicotene
• Nikovit
• Peviton
• Vitaplex.

Enwere ike zụta nkwadebe Vitamin B3 na ụlọ ahịa n'ịntanetị ma ọ bụ nye iwu site na katalọgụ site na ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ. Ọnụ ego ahụ na-adabere n'ụdị ntọhapụ, onye nrụpụta. Ọnụ ego dị nso:

Gịnị kpatara eji ede ya maka nsogbu ọria?

N'okpuru mmetụta nke nicotinic acid, mmepụta nke mkpokọta lipoprotein dị ntakịrị, nke na-akpalite mmepe nke atherosclerosis, belatara. A na - egosikwa ọgwụ mgbochi atherogenic site na nhazi nke ọdịnaya cholesterol dị elu (mgbe otu ọnwa gachara), triglycerides (n’ụbọchị mbụ nke nchịkwa). Mmụba dị ukwuu nke lipoproteins dị elu, nke na-echebe ihe dị n'ime akwara ahụ site na ntinye nke paịlị.

Ọgwụ ahụ na-egbochi ntoputa nke ischemia myocardial na mgbochi nke akwara ndị na-eri anụ ahụ.

A na-ejikwa ọgwụ a iji gwọọ ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa obi site na omume ndị a:

• nwere mmetụta vasodilating,
• na-eme ka mmegharị na microcirculation na - arụ ọrụ,
• na - egbochi ịmalite ịmịnye ọbara.

E gosipụtara ọgwụ ahụ maka angina pectoris, ọkachasị na vasospastic iche nke usoro ya, dyslipidemia, angiopathy.

Iji mbadamba ụrọ, intramuscularly

Ikwesiri ị tabletsụ mbadamba mmiri nke ọma mgbe ị risịrị nri. Ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa, mgbe eburu ha n’afọ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, nwere akpukpọ anụ ahụ siri ike na ọkụ na-enwu ọkụ, enwere mgbu afọ na obi mgbawa. Mkpụrụ prophylactic bụ 25-50 mg, yana pellagra ọ na-abawanye na 100 mg. Oke kachasị kwa ụbọchị bụ 500 mg.

Maka ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa atherosclerosis, dọkịta ahụ nwere ike ịkwado mmụba nke usoro onunu ogwu - site na 50 mg mgbe nri abalị na mgbakwunye nke 50 mg gaa na 2-3 g nke nicotinic acid kwa ụbọchị, ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ na-anabata nke ọma. N'ime ihe, a na-enye ọgwụ ahụ maka ọrịa strok ischemic, 1 ml nke 1% ngwọta kwa ụbọchị. Droppers na ọgwụ na-edere kwa ụbọchị ma ọ bụ ụbọchị ọ bụla na ego nke 10 ruo 15.

Ọkpụkpụ intramuscular na subcutaneous nwere ike ibute nnukwu ihe mgbu, yabụ anaghị ejikarị ha, na-eji nicotinate dochie Xanthinol.

Egwuregwu vidiyo bara uru

Lelee vidio na mmetụta nke nicotinic acid:

Ọ bụrụ na mberede na -arụ, na-egbu mgbu mgbe ị na-eje ije, mgbe ahụ ihe ịrịba ama ndị a nwere ike igosipụta iwepụ akwara atherosclerosis nke arịa nke mpaghara ala. Na steeti dị elu nke ọrịa ahụ, nke na-agafe na ọkwa 4, enwere ike ịchọrọ mmụba ahụ. Nhọrọ ndị dị a treatmentaa ọgwụgwọ dị?

Ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhọrọ nkwadebe maka arịa nke isi naanị na dọkịta na-aga, ebe ha nwere ike ịnwe ụdị dị iche iche, enwerekwa nsonaazụ na contraindications. Kedu ọgwụ kachasị mma maka ọgwụgwọ vasodilation na ọgwụgwọ vein?

Ọ bụrụ na enwere ihe ndị a ga-eme tupu oge eruo, mgbe ahụ ọgwụ naanị maka igbochi ọrịa strok ga - enyere aka zere ọdachi. Mkpokọ nke izizi na nke abụọ n’ime ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa ọsịsọ, ọgwụ, gụnyere omume ọjọọ, yana ọgwụ ọgwụ maka ịlọghachị ọrịa strok. Kedụ ihe bụ mmemme nke mgbochi nkeonwe. Kedu ihe mere ịchọrọ glycine, aspirin, statins mgbe ọrịa strok gasịrị. Gịnị bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbochi iji kwadebe maka ya? Otu esi ezere ọrịa strok na akara mbụ nke ihe ị ga-ewere. Ihe ị ga - eme agaghị ekwe omume.

Ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa ụbụrụ bụ arteriosclerosis, ọgwụ nke dọkịta depụtara ka ọ ga-abụ, ga-ebu ụzọ kọchaa ya. Kedu ihe agụnyere na kabinet ọgwụ ụlọ?

Ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara na aortic atherosclerosis, usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ nwere ike inye aka ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ n'ụzọ dị irè Ọ bụrụ na ịkwado obi nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị egwu, mana a ga-eji amamihe jiri ya.

Chohọrọ maka ọgwụgwọ na mgbochi nke fibrates ma ọ bụ statins, nke dọkịta nwere ike ikpebi naanị ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ọrịa obi, akwara dị mma karịa. A na-anabatakwa nnabata nnabata.

N'ihi mmụba nke glucose, cholesterol, ọbara mgbali, àgwà ọjọọ, stenosing atherosclerosis na-amalite. Ọ dịghị mfe ịchọpụta nkuzi nke BCA, akwara ozi na akwara ụbụrụ, arịa nke akụkụ ala, ụbụrụ atherosclerosis, na ọbụna sie ike ọgwụgwọ.

Ọ bụrụ nchoputa nke angina na - agba mbọ, a ga - ebu ụzọ gwọọ ọrịa na - akpata mmalite nsogbu ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrịa obi obi. Ọgwụ maka angina pectoris kwụsiri ike were ụlọ ọgwụ.

Atherosclerosis na-azụlitere n'ihi oke nke cholesterol. A na - ahụkwa ihe dị iche iche na atherosclerosis. Ọrịa dị ize ndụ n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ.

Tebụl Nicotinic Acid kwa ụbọchị

A ga-akpachara anya mgbe ejikọtara ya na ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali, ọgwụ anticoagulants, na ASA.

Ọ na-ebelata nsị nke neomycin ma gbochie mbelata nke ịta cholesterol na HDL na-ebute ya.

Maka mgbochi nke hypovitaminosis, nri kwesịrị ekwesị bụ nke kachasị mma; ọgwụgwọ chọrọ nlekọta ọzọ nke vitamin PP. Ihe oriri bara ụba na vitamin PP bụ yist, imeju, mkpụrụ, nkochi ime akwa, mmiri ara ehi, azụ, anụ ọkụkọ, anụ, mkpo, buckwheat, ọka ndị a na-akọwaghị, akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ akụ, nri protein ọ bụla nwere tryptophan. Treatmentgwọ mmiri ara ehi agbanweghị ọdịnaya nke vitamin PP dị na ya.

N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ ogologo oge (karịchaa mgbe edepụtara ya ka ọ bụghị ọgwụ vitamin), ọ dị mkpa iji chịkwaa ọrụ imeju. Iji gbochie nsogbu sitere na imeju, a na-atụ aro ka etinye nri bara ụba na methionine (chiiz ụlọ) na nri, ma ọ bụ jiri methionine, lipoic acid na ọgwụ Lipotropic ndị ọzọ.

Ọ bụ ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị iji maka mgbazi nke dyslipidemia na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus.

Iji belata mmerụ ahụ na mucosa eriri afọ, a na-atụ aro iji mmiri ara ehi sachapụ ọgwụ ahụ.

Ntụ ntụ, mbadamba osisi nke 0.05 g (maka ebumnuche ọgwụ), 1.7% sodium nicotinate solution (nke kwekọrọ na 1% nicotinic acid) na 1 ml ampoules.

Kedu ihe kpatara nicotinic acid bara uru

A na-ekesa ihe bara uru nke nicotinic acid n'ime ahụ niile, n'agbanyeghị mmekọahụ nwoke, afọ na ọnọdụ ahụike. Ha na-enye aka na arụ ọrụ nke ọma na akwara ozi ma belata ọkwa cholesterol na - emerụ ahụ n’ime ọbara, si otú a na - egbochi mmepe nke ọrịa obi.

Na mgbakwunye, nicotinic acid na-eme ka metabolism dịkwuo elu, na - eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ oxygen jupụta mkpụrụ ndụ ma na - eme ka arịa ọbara, na - emetụta ahụike nke ndị ọrịa ọbara mgbali elu. Ọ na - enye gị ohere iwepụ tinnitus, isi ọwụwa na isi ọwụwa. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-akwado ọrụ nke imeju na-asachapụ ya mmerụ ahụ nsí na nsí, ya mere na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ogwugwo dị mma maka nsị mmanya.

Ma ihe bara uru nke vitamin B3 anaghị akwụsị ebe ahụ. Niacin egosiputala na o bara uru nye umunwanyi. Ihe bara uru kacha mkpa bụ iji vitamin B3 mee ka ntutu dịghachi. Ọ na - emekwa ka arịa nke ntutu isi sikwuo ike, na - amụba nkwupụta ha: mkpụrụ ndụ na - arụ ọrụ ikuku oxygen na ngwakọta bara uru karị, enwere ọbara ọgbụgba na ntutu isi, ya mere ha na - eto ngwa ngwa ma na - adịgide karịa.

Nicotinic acid maka ụmụ nwoke enweghị uru dị ala. Ebe ọ bụ na, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru, nicotinamide nwere ikike ịchịkwa ọrụ nke usoro ọbara, ị itụ ya dị ka ọgwụ nwere mmetụta bara uru na ikike na agụụ mmekọahụ. Acid a nwere mmetụta dị mma na uto ntutu ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọgwụgwọ mgbochi alopecia dị irè.

Na mgbakwunye, akụrụngwa bara uru nke nicotinic acid na-eji ọgwụ ọdịnala na ọgwụgwọ nke ọtụtụ ọrịa dị iche iche, dịka pellagra, neuritis na ndị ọzọ.

Ihe ngosi maka iji nicotinic acid

Agbanyeghi acid nicotinic acid dị na otu ịta ma ọ bụ ọzọ na ọtụtụ ngwaahịa nke otu nri nri, enwere ụdị mmadụ pụrụ iche ndị enyere ọgwụ a ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ. Usoro ndị a gụnyere ndị mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ site na:

• pellagra
• nsogbu nke eriri afọ,
• ịba ọcha n'anya
• neuritis
• ọrịa imeju,
• ọnya ọbara
• ọnya ọgwụgwọ ogologo.

Agbanyeghị, ọbụlagodi ndị nwere ọrịa dị n'elu ekwesịghị ịgwọ onwe ha ọgwụ wee were ọgwụ ahụ n'onwe ha. Iji mee ka ngwaahịa a weta uru kachasị, ị ga-ebu ụzọ kpọtụrụ ọkachamara.

Nucotinic acid dị kwa ụbọchị

Dịka ngwaahịa ọ bụla siri ike, a ga-eri nicotinamide dabere na usoro usoro egosipụtara ka vitamin ịbanye ghara ibute mmerụ ahụ.

Maka okenye siri ike, a na-ekpebi ọnụego ya kwa ụbọchị na ọkara nke 6.6 mg kwa afọ calorie, nke bụ ihe ruru 15 - 25 mg kwa ụbọchị, dabere na ụdị ibi ndụ.

Frommụaka site n’afọ 1 ruo afọ isii ga-emerịrị 10 - 12 mg nke nicotinic acid kwa ụbọchị, yana site na 10 ruo afọ 13 - 15 - 19 mg. Ndị na-eto eto na-erubeghị afọ 18 chọrọ 20 mg nke vitamin A kwa ụbọchị.

Ihe mgbaàmà nke enweghị nicotinic acid n’ahụ

Ebe ọ bụ na nicotinic acid na-eweta abamuru dị ukwuu, ọ bụ ihe ebumpụta ụwa na enweghị ya nwere ike ibute ahụ ahụ. Yabụ, na ụkọ vitamin B3, ọtụtụ ihe njiri mara ya bụ ihe na-egosi vitamin ụkọ.

• iju, enweghị mmasị,
• ike ọgwụgwụ,
• agụụ
• isi ọwụwa
• Ebe nchekwa na ntị adịghị mma,
• nsogbu ihi ụra
• nsogbu nri
• mgbakasị ahụ
• tupu nkụda mmụọ.

Ihe kpatara enweghi vitamin B3 nwere ike:

• riri oke shuga
• ise siga
• na-a doụ nnukwu leucine,
• ị alcoholụbiga mmanya ókè.

A na - ewepụ ihe mgbaàmà ndị a dị n'elu site na mbadamba mbadamba ma ọ bụ nicotinamide injections.

Kedụ ihe oriri dị n’ime nicotinic acid?

N’usoro okike, a na-ahụ nicotinic acid n’ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ. Otutu vitamin B3 nwere:

• ọka na ngwaahịa dabere na ha (achịcha, osikapa na ọka wit, ntụ ọka),
• mkpụrụ na mkpụrụ (ahụekere, mkpụrụ osisi sunflower, mkpụrụ sesame),
• olu (shiitake, olu mmanụ a honeyụ, ndị mmeri)
• mkpo (soy, peas, lentil),
• Inine na-acha odo odo na nke na-acha ọbara ọbara (poteto, tomato, ose mgbịrịgba),
• Mkpụrụ osisi akpọnwụ (aprịkọ akpọnwụwo, prunes).

N'otu oge ahụ, a na-etinye nicotinic acid nke mkpo ahụ n’arụ nke ọma.

N'ime ngwaahịa anụmanụ, nicotinic acid dị n'ụdị nicotinamide. Enwere ike ịchọta ya:

• n'ime imeju anụ ehi
• anụ ọkụkọ
• mmiri ara ehi ngwaahịa
• azu (tuna, cod, salmon).

Ihe onwunwe pụrụ iche nke nicotinamide bụ ikike ya iji nọgide na-enwe akụrụngwa bara uru n'oge oke okpomọkụ, ọ bụ ya mere ngwaahịa ndị o nwere ji dị mma maka ọgwụgwọ ọkụ dị iche iche.

Na ọgwụ

Iji nicotinic acid dị na mbadamba iji weta uru a na-ahụ anya, ọ dị mkpa iji ya mee ihe naanị ka dọkịta nyere ya iwu. A na-ewerekarị mbadamba ọgwụ na ọgwụgwọ pellagra mgbe nri gasịrị. Ọgwụ nke ọgwụ dịgasị iche dabere na afọ. Yabụ, ndị okenye ka enyere iwu 0.1 g ugboro atọ n ’ụbọchị, maka ụmụaka 0.02-0.05 mg ugboro abụọ n’ụbọchị. Treatmentzọ ọgwụgwọ n’okwu a bụ izu abụọ ruo izu atọ.

N'ihe banyere ọrịa ischemic, spasms nke arịa nke ụkwụ, gastritis nwere obere acidity na nsogbu ndị ọzọ, a na-enye ndị okenye nicotinamide otu oge na 0.05 - 0.1 g maka ọnwa 1.

Na ampoules maka ịgba ntụtụ

Ejiri abamuru nke inicine acid nicotinic jiri pellagra, oria Raynaud na hypovitaminosis. N'okwu nke mbụ, a na-eme ọgwụ ntụtụ, intramuscularly ma ọ bụ subcutaneously na 1 ml nke 1% ngwọta 2 ruo 3 ugboro n'ụbọchị. Ọzụzụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu ruo ụbọchị 10 ruo 15. Maka akara ndị ọzọ, a gbanwere dose ahụ ka 10 mg 1 ruo 2 ugboro n'ụbọchị maka otu oge ahụ.

Njirimara nke nicotinic acid dịkwa irè n'ọrịa Hartnup, nke a na-ejikwa ọgwụ inje. Ọnụ ego ọgwụ ebe a dị site na 40 ruo 200 mg kwa ụbọchị.

Nicotinic acid maka oke ibu

Niacin nwere ike ịbụ ezigbo enyemaka maka ndị chọrọ ifelata. Ọ na - eme ka metabolism na - edozi ahụ ma na - eme ka imeju ghara inwe nsí na - emerụ ahụ, si otú ahụ mee ka ọ dịrị ya mfe karị imebi akụ na ụba. Ọ na - edozi usoro nri, nke mere na afọ na - arụ ọrụ nke ọma, a na - etinye nri na - agbatịkwu ike, yabụ na ịchọrọ iri obere. Na mgbakwunye, vitamin B3 nwere akụrụngwa na-egbochi nchekasị ma na-ewepụ nrụgide ụjọ, nke a na-ejikọkarị ya site na ịreatụbiga mmanya ókè, yabụ ojiji a na-atụfu ibu adịghị agbagha.

Agbanyeghị, ekwesiri icheta na nicotinic acid naanị abụghị ụzọ maka ifelata, ọ ga-ebute nsonaazụ a chọrọ naanị yana ijikọ ya na mmega ahụ na-agafe agafe na nri dị mma.

Maka uto ntutu

Nicotinic acid na-enweta ahụike ntutu, na-esighi ike n'ihi ụkọ nri, nlekọta na-adịghị mma, nrụgide ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Iji weghachite ncha na ntutu ma mee ka uto, ị nwere ike iji usoro dị mfe ma dị irè:

1. Ozugbo ị sachara, a na-etinye nicotinamide ngwọta nke ampoules 2 n’isi ahụ. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-eme mmegharị ịhịa aka n'ahụ site na nwayọ jiri ọgwụ wee ghee ọgwụ.
2. Emela mmiri mmiri. Mgbe usoro ahụ gachara, ịkwesighi iji onye na-edozi ntutu maka minit 30. Itinye ihe nkpuchi ahụ kwa ụbọchị maka oge 15.

Megide ntutu isi

Ebe ọ bụ na akụrụngwa nke nicotinic acid na-enyere aka ịlụso ntutu isi ọgụ, ndị nwere nsogbu a kwesịrị ịnwale nkpuchi pụrụ iche:

1. Otu ampot nke nicotinamide agwakọta ya na 1 ampoule nke vitamin A na otu vitamin vitamin nke ya.
2. Jikọta ha na 2 tbsp. l flaxseed mmanụ na nkochi ime akwa 1.
3. Agwakọta ndị ahụ wee ghee ya n’akpịrịkpụ isi. Si n’elu tinye akwa okpu ma ọ bụ okpo oku.
4. Mgbe otu elekere gasịrị, a na-eji mmiri na-agba mmiri kpuchie nkpuchi ahụ. Shampoo bụ nhọrọ.

Maka dandruff

Acid nitotinic na-ekpochapụ dandruff kpamkpam. Iji kwadebe nkpuchi maka ọrịa a:

1. Buru ụzọ kwadebe mmiri ịsa mmiri. A na-awụpụ Propolis na obere mmiri wee sie ihe karịrị ọkara maka nkeji 20.
2. A ga-eme ka ihe a si na ha pụta pụta.
3. A na-agwakọta ihe ọ juiceụ Aloụ Aloe na nicotinic acid. Tinye na ofe propolis.
4. A na-asacha ihe mejupụtara ya na mgbọrọgwụ ma hapụ ya ruo nkeji iri atọ.
5. Jiri mmiri ọkụ na shampoo dị nro sachapụ ya.

Maka akpụkpọ ahụ

Nicotinamide nwekwara akụrụngwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, n'ihi nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ kachasị mma maka akpụkpọ ahụ nsogbu. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-abụkarị akụkụ nke nkpuchi mgbochi ịka nká. Iji mee nke a:

1. A na-ejikọ otu akwa ọcha na 1 tsp. mmanụ a honeyụ na 2 tbsp. l banana banana.
2. A na-agbakwunye Vitamin B3 ma gwakọta ruo mgbe ire ụtọ.
3. Itinye ihu na nkeji iri na ise. Ekwesịrị ịme usoro a karịa ugboro 2 n'izu.

Nicotinic acid nwere ike ime na ịrara ara

Niacin nwekwara ike ịbara ụmụ nwanyị uru mgbe ha dị ime ma na-a breastụ ara. Ọnụnọ vitamin B3 zuru oke n’onwe ya bụ ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka mmepe nkịtị nke nwa ebu n’afọ na ilekọta ahụike nne. N'ihi ya, a na-adụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọnọdụ pụrụ iche ọdụ ka ha rie nri nwere nicotinamide.

Ma iburu vitamin B3 n’ime mbadamba ihe dika ihe ndi ozo n’enye ndi n’azu na igba ime.

Ojiji nke nicotinic acid maka ụmụaka

Ngwongwo nke nicotinamide nwere ike ịbara uru ọ bụghị naanị ndị okenye, kamakwa nwata. Agbanyeghị, n'ụdị mbadamba ma ọ bụ inje, a na-atụ aro ka ị were ya naanị mgbe ị ruru afọ 10, ebe ọ bụ na itinye uche nke ukwuu n'ihe ahụ nwere ike ibute allergies. Mụaka ga-ezuru nri nke vitamin B3 nke ha na-enweta kwa ụbọchị na nri, ma ọ bụrụhaala na nri ụmụaka adịghị edozi ahụ.

Mmekọrịta nke nicotinic acid na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ

Iji nlezianya, a ga-eji nicotinic acid nwere ụfọdụ ọgwụ. Nke kachasị, nke a metụtara ọgwụ ọ bụla nke ezubere iji gbochie ịmalite ịmịnye ọbara, ebe ọ bụ na nicotinamide nwere ihe ndị yiri ya na, yana ọgwụ ndị yiri ya, nwere ike ibute ọbara ọgbụgba.

A naghị akwado Vitamin B3 ka ya na ndị nnọchianya na - enyere aka belata ọbara mgbali elu - nke a nwere ike ịkwalite akụrụngwa nke ikpeazụ. Otu ihe ahụ metụtara ọgwụ antispasmodics.

Mkparịta ụka nke nicotinic acid na ọgwụ antidiabetic, na ntụle, na-ewepụ uru niile nke ọgwụ glucose.

Na mgbakwunye, nicotinamide anaghị ejikọta ya na ihe ndị a:

• vitamin B2 na B6,
• Eufilin
• salicylates
• tetracycline
• hydrocortisone.

Mmetụta dị iche iche nke nicotinic acid na ịdoụbiga mmanya ókè

Ọbụna na-eburu n'uche uru niile nke nicotinamide na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na enweghị mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ na-emetụta ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, ọ bara uru icheta na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, iji vitamin B3 nwere ike ibute nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma maka ahụ. Mmetụta ndị ọgwụ ọjọọ gụnyere:

• mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ
• anya ntughari
• urticaria
• ncha ihu
• mmetụta nke okpomoku n’agbanweghi agbanwe ahu ya,
• ụkọ nwa oge na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ahụ,
• obi nke ọnya.

Mgbaàmà ndị a achọghị ọgwụgwọ ma kwụsị ngwa ngwa mgbe ọnụọgụ nke vitamin B3 ma ọ bụ nwepu ya kpamkpam. Agbanyeghị, ileghara ihe mgbaàmà mbụ anya ruo ogologo oge nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu ahụike, dịka ọmụmaatụ:

• imeju nwere abuba,
• hyperuricemia
• Ike nke anụ ahụ na - ebelata ike glucose.

Mana ebe nsogbu ndị a niile, dị n'otu ogo ma ọ bụ ọzọ, metụtara ọrụ nke imeju, ọ ga - ekwe omume iwelata mmetụta na - emerụ ahụ nke ị nụ nicotinic acid site na ịgbakwunye efere nwere nnukwu ihe methionine na nri kwa ụbọchị. Chip "Poshekhonsky", azụ iyak, toki na almọnd na nri ga - enyere aka mee ka ahụ niile ghara ịdị na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla.

Mmechi

Uru na ọghọm nke nicotinic acid dabere na usoro onunu ogwu. Onu ogwu g’eme ka aru oru gosiputa ihe bara uru ya n’oru oma obula, ma obu nani dokita nyere gi ogwu ahu. Onwe ogwu nwere ike imebi mmadu ma mekwaa oria di ugbua.

Ọrụ nke nicotinic acid na usoro ndu

Ọrụ nke ndu nicotinic acid na-esonye na ntinye ya na owuwu nke coenzymes abụọ - NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) na NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), nke bụ akụkụ nke enzymes redox kachasị mkpa. Coenzymes (coenzymes) bụ ihe dị n'okike na-eme ka ihe dị mkpa maka enzymes buru ibu. Coenzymes na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-ebu electrons, atoms site na otu mkpụrụ ọzọ.

Vitamin PP na-ejikọ ndị na-edozi ma mepụta ọtụtụ narị enzymes dị iche iche. Enzymes acid a na-akpọ nicotinic acid na-etolite “àkwà mmiri” nke a na-eziga atumatu hydrogen na “igbe oku”. A na-ekekọta ọtụtụ akụkụ nke “stovu” na mkpụrụ ndụ nke ahụ ma na-enye aka na ntọhapụ nke ike na carbohydrates, abụba na protein n'ime nri.

Nicotinic acid na-etinye aka na usoro nke oxidation nke ndụ na metabolism ike. N'ịbụ onye mejupụtara NAD na NADP, ọ na-akwalite mwepụta nke ike na nri, njikọ nke DNA, na-ahazi usoro nke iku ume sel.
Niacin tinyere aka na usoro ndu ndị a:

• iku ume cellular, ike cellular
• mgbasa ọbara
• carbohydrate, abụba, protein metabolism,
• ọnọdụ
• ndap
• ọrụ obi
• njikwa cholesterol
• mọzụlụ
• anụ ahụ jikọtara ọnụ
• imepụta ihe ọ juiceụ gastụ gastric
• ọrụ digestive.

Niacin na-abawanye ojiji nke protein na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ahụ, na-ahụkarị ọrụ nzuzo na ọrụ nke afọ, na-eme ka mmiri na nzuzo nwee mmiri, ọ na-egbochikwa imeju.

A na - egosi nicotinamide acid ndị dị n’ime mkpụrụ ndụ na mmiri n’arụ dị ka nicotinamide.

Ngwaahịa nwere nicotinic acid

Isi ihe sitere n'okike acid na - akpata nicotinic acid n’ahụ mmadụ bụ ngwaahịa anụmanụ:

• anụ ahụ - imeju, akụrụ, akwara, obi,
• ụfọdụ ụdị azụ - sardine, mackerel, tuna, salmon, halibut, swordfish, cod.

Mkpụrụ ọka, achịcha ọka, osikapa na ọka ọka, apịtị a mịrị amị, olu, almọnd, mkpụrụ osisi ndụ ndụ, tomato, ose na-acha ọbara ọbara, poteto, soybean bara ụba na nicotinic acid. Ebe dị mma maka ịgbakwunye enweghị nicotinic acid bụ achicha nke ndị na-eme achịcha, yist achịcha biya.

Tebụlụ nke 1 na-ewepụta ngwaahịa ngwaahịa a chọtara nicotinic acid n'ụdị ka ukwuu.
Isiokwu 1

Uru vitamin nke ngwaahịa dị na-adabere ọ bụghị naanị n'ụdị ọdịnaya nicotinic acid, kamakwa n'ụdị nke o bi na ya. Yabụ, na mkpo ọ bụ n'ụdị dị mfe, ma site na ọka (rye, wheat) vitamin ahụ ka a na-etinyebeghị ya.

N'ime anụ ahụ anụmanụ, a na-ahụkarị nicotinic acid n'ụdị nicotinamide, na osisi - dịka nicotinic acid. A na-etinye Vitamin PP n’ime obere eriri afọ ma anụ ahụ rie ya.

Niacin bụ otu n’ime nnọgidesi ike n’ihe gbasara nchekwa, nri, ichekwa vitamin. Okpomoku di elu n’oge isi nri na ighe ihe adighi emetuta ihe di n’ime ya. Vitamin PP na-eguzogidekwa nsonaazụ nke ìhè, oxygen, alkalis. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịkwụsị ọrụ ndu n'oge nsị na ihicha nke ngwaahịa. N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla, ọnwụ mkpụkọ nicotinic acid anaghị agafe 15 - 20%.

Enwere ike ịdọrọ akụkụ nicotinic acid site na trymtophan amino acid dị mkpa. Agbanyeghị, usoro a anaghị arụ ọrụ - site na ọtụtụ ụmụ irighiri mmiri tryptophan, naanị otu molekụla vitamin na-akpụ. Na agbanyeghị, nri ndị bara ụba na tryptophan (mmiri ara ehi, akwa) nwere ike kwụọ ụgwọ maka nicotinamide oriri na-ezughi ezu.

Achọrọ vitamin kwa ụbọchị

Achọrọ Nicotinic acid n’ime ụmụaka na ndị nọ n’oge uto kwa ụbọchị:

• 5 ruo 6 mg n'okpuru afọ otu,
• 10 ruo 13 mg maka ụmụaka site n’afọ 1 ruo afọ isii,
• 15-19 mg gbara afọ 7 ruo afọ 12,
• 20 mg maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na atọ ruo afọ iri na ise.

Maka kilogram 1000 riri, ndị okenye chọrọ ihe dị ka 6.6 mg nke vitamin. Nke ahụ bụ, mkpa nicotinic acid dị mkpa maka ndị okenye bụ 15 - 25 mg.
A choro vitamin PP karia:

• ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị ike,
• ndị agadi
• ndị ọrịa merụrụ ahụ nnukwu mmerụ ahụ na nso nso a,
• ndị na-a alcoholụ mmanya na ọgwụ ọjọọ
• ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala, gụnyere etuto ahụ jọgburu onwe ya, ụkwara ume ọkụ, cirrhosis, eziokwu,
• ya na irighiri akwara
• obere umuaka amuru site na nsogbu nke aru na aru ala (nsogbu oria nebi nke ebuputaghi na koromotome set),
• womenmụ nwanyị dị ime na ndị na-actụ nwa.

Of excessiveụbiga shuga ókè, ihe ndị na-atọ ụtọ, na ihe ọaryụaryụ na-egbu egbu na-eduga n’ịhapụ acid aicụrị. Nicotine na-ebelata vitamin PP. Yabụ, ndị mmadụ riri ahụ maka nicotine nwekwara ike ị itụ ya ọzọ.

Enwere ike ịnwe ụkọ Tryptophan na nicotinic acid site n'iji ogologo ọgwụ leucine mee ogologo oge.

Hypovitaminosis na hypervitaminosis

Na enweghi nicotinic acid n’onwe mmadụ, ihe mgbaàmà mmalite ndị a nke hypovitaminosis na-etolite: ike ọgwụgwụ, ike ọgwụgwụ, enweghị mmasị, belata arụmọrụ, ehighị ụra, agụụ, ibu, isi ọwụwa, mmụọ adịghị emetụta, ncheta nchekasị, iwe nri, mgbakasị ahụ, ịda mba.

Secondary ụkọ nicotinic acid na-adị n'ọtụtụ ọrịa nke eriri afọ, neuritis, dermatoses allergies, nsị na-egbu egbu, benzene, thallium.

Akara oria nke nri acid bu oria pellagra.

Na anụ mammals, steeti hypervitaminosis (nke ukwuu nke vitamin PP) enweghị ike ịbanye. Storeslọ ahịa Nicotinic acid anaghị agakọ anụ ahụ. A na-apụpụ ya na mmamịrị ozugbo na mmamịrị. Enwere ike ịba ụba nke nicotinic acid nwere ike ịmetụta mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke "akpụkpọ anụ ahụ".

Nchoputa nke nnweta nicotinic acid

Ihe ngosiputa nke inye aru mmadu na vitamin PP bu nkpughe nke ihe mbu bu ihe anakpo nicotinic acid metabolism na mmamiri - N-methylnicotinamide na methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxiamide. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, 7-12 mg na-apụ apụ na mmamịrị kwa ụbọchị.

Mbelata ogo nke mkpịsị ugodi na mmamịrị acid na-egosi na ezughi oke mmadụ nwere vitamin PP ma nwee ike ịmalite ụkọ vitamin. Metabolta ahụ metabolites nke nicotinic acid na nicotinamide na-abawanye nke ọma site na ị excessiveụbiga mmanya oke.

Ihe bara uru bu ihe omumu banyere ihe banyere nitotinic acid ma obu nicotinamide bu ngwongwo nke N-methylnicotinamide. Nke a bụ naanị ihe amata maka ịchọpụta ihe mmadụ nwere inye vitamin a. Ọkwa vitamin PP n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'ụdị coenzyme ya na ọbara enweghị ike ikpebi, ebe ọbụlagodi na nnukwu pellagra ọdịnaya ha adịghị iche na nke ahụ.

Nyocha ụlọ nyocha iji chọpụta erughi nicotinic acid bụ urinalysis Nke 1 maka methylnicatinamide na urinalysis maka 2-pyridone / No. 1 maka methylnicatinamide.

Nsonaazụ nnwale anaghị ekwenye ekwenye mgbe niile.

Chemicalzọ kemịkal maka ịkọpụta nicotinic acid gụnyere mmeghachi omume nke ịchọpụta nicotinic acid nwere cyanide bromine.

Nicotinic acid na nicotinamide na ọrịa obi

Otu n'ime ihe kpatara mmebi cell na ọnwụ n'oge agụụ oxygen (ischemia oke) bụ enweghi ike ọkọnọ. Ejikọtara ya na ike ịba ụba (usoro ngbanwe, ịgbalite ebugharị adenosine triphosphates), yana na enweghi ike imepụta ihe dị ndụ nke nwere ike ịchịkọta ma nyefee ike n'oge mmeghachi omume n'ihi mbibi membranes mitochondrial na ndị ọzọ.

Ta oke nke ihe ndị dị na metabolism ike na-agbanwe nke ukwuu. Na ischemia na ụbụrụ na ọkwa molekul, ihe na - amaliteghachi:

1. Ọbara nke ụbụrụ na-ebelata. N'ihi ya, inyefe oxygen sitere n'ọbara ndị ahụ na sel na-ebelata. Ma ebe ọ bụ na oxygen na-emetụta mmeghachi omume mmepụta ume, agụụ oxygen, ọnọdụ hypoxic, na-amalite. Celllọ ahụ na - efunyụọ ikike ya iji mee ọtụtụ ihe ike.
2. Mmụba nke erughi oxygen na-esochi mbelata ọdịnaya nke adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - isi iyi ike.
3. Na usoro ikpeazụ nke agụụ oxygen, ọkwa nke ụkọ ike na-ezu iji kpalite usoro ndị isi na-eduga na-emeghasị ihe ndị dị mkpa na ọnwụ sel.
4. Ntinye uche nke adenosine monophosphate (AMP) na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Nke a bụkwa usoro ọzọ maka mbibi nke mkpụrụ ndụ.
5. Mmebi nke ike metabolism na-etolite ngwa ngwa. Nke a na - eduga n'ọnwụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ necrotic.
6. Mgbanwe na steeti membrane akụkụ na ndị na-anabata ya na-akpali otu usoro ihe ọkụkụ nke na-eme ka nzaghachi akwara ụbụrụ nwee mmetụta na-emebi. Mgbada dị ukwuu n'ọbara ọbara (akụkụ ụbụrụ nke ahụ ụbụrụ) na-eme ka usoro usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa pụta nke na-eduga na mgbanwe nke usoro ihe nketa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu.
7. Mmeghachi omume mbụ nke anụ ụbụrụ na mbelata ọbara ọbara n'ụbụrụ bụ mbelata na njikọ nke onye ozi RNA na protein - mmeghachi nke poly (ADP-ribosylation) - mgbanwe protein. Enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase (PARP) na-etinye aka na mmeghachi omume a.
8. Onyinye nke ADP-ribose bụ nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD). Enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase (PARP) na-amalite ịdị uchu (500 ugboro ike) na-eri nicotinamide, belata ọdịnaya ya n'ime sel. Ma ebe ọ bụ na nicotinamide dinucleotide na-achịkwa usoro dị mkpa na sel ahụ, ụkọ ya na-akpata ọnwụ mkpụrụ ndụ dị ka ihe dị iche iche nke necrosis si dị.

Ojiji nke ụbụrụ na - ahụ maka nchekwa ụbụrụ belata ihe ize ndụ nke ischemia n'oge ịbelata ọbara na - adị nwa oge site na ụgbọelu na - ebu. Maka nke a, a na-eji ọgwụ na-egbochi (igbochi) ọrụ nke sel enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase. E gbochiri mbepu nke nicotinamide, sel na-abawanye. Nke a na-ebelata mmebi anụ ahụ metụtara ya na ischemic ọrịa strok na infarction myocardial.

N'ime ihe ndị na - egbochi ọrụ (ihe na - egbochi usoro enzymatic) bụ nicotinamide. Na nhazi na oru ya, o di nso na nicotinic acid, na-ekere òkè n’usoro redox n’arụ. Nicotinamide nwere oke nhọrọ nhọrọ na enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) -polymerase. O nwekwara otutu ihe ndi ozo ekwughi:

• na - arụ ọrụ dị ka ọgwụ antioxidant,
• na-emetụta usoro metabolic nke glucose, lipids na nucleotides,
• na - egbochi njikọ nke DNA, RNA na protein.

Nicotinamide na-egbochi mmepe nke ọrịa metabolism dị ukwuu na ụbụrụ, na-eme ka ọrụ nke sistem metabolism dị na ụbụrụ na-arụ ọrụ, na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ike ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ.

Ejikọtara ọgwụ ọgwụ nwere nicotinic acid n'ọtụtụ ọrịa ụbụrụ, myocardial infarction, obliterating endarteritis, ọrịa Raynaud, ya bụ, na ọnọdụ niile mgbe ịba ụba microcirculation na nkwụkọ (na-agafe) bụ n'ezie ụzọ eji echekwa ikike anụ ahụ arụ ọrụ.

Nlele na nyocha ụlọ nyocha gosipụtara na vitamin PP na-eme ka arịa akwara spasmodic dị, ya mere, ya na angina pectoris, a na-eji nicotinic acid nke ọma na nhazi nke Nikoverin na Nikoshpan.

Site na ịgbalite enzymes a kapịrị ọnụ - fibrinases anụ ahụ, nicotinic acid na-enyere aka iwelie ọrụ ọbara iji gbazee thrombi intravaskụla.

Nicotinic acid na-ebelata cholesterol ọbara

Otu n'ime mgbochi mgbochi metụtara ọghọm ọrịa ụbụrụ na-akpata bụ belata cholesterol ọbara. Niacin na-egbochi mwepụta nke asịd ma si otú a na-ebelata cholesterol ọbara.

Dị ka ọgwụ na-agbatị egbugbere ọnụ, a na-eji nicotinic acid eme ihe kemgbe 1955. Na nnukwu onodu, o nwere ihe di iche di iche na metabolism lipid:

• na - egbochi imebi abụba na anụ ahụ adipose, nke na - egbochi nnyefe nke abụba n'efu na imeju, n'ikpeazụ na - egbochi mkpụkọ hepatic nke obere nfuli triglycerides na lipoproteins (VLDL),
• na-abawanye nkewa nke VLDL n'ime ọbara,
• na -ebelata ọdịnaya nke lipoproteins dị ala (LDL) dị ala, na-eme ka ndị ha na - eburu ụzọ - lipoproteins pere mpe,
• na - eme ka lipoproteins dị elu (HDL) njupụta dị elu.

Nicotinic acid na doses nke 3 - 6 g kwa ụbọchị belata ego cholesterol, obere lipoproteins dị ala site na 15 - 25% mgbe izu 3 - 5 gasịrị, belata ọkwa nke triglycerides (ụmụ irighiri abụba) nke lipoproteins dị ntakịrị site na 20 - 80% mgbe 1 - 4 ụbọchị , na-abawanye ụba nke cholesterol nke nnukwu lipoproteins dị elu site na 10 - 20%, na-egbochi ọdịdị nke lipoprotein (a).

Ndị ọrịa na-anabata nicotinic acid nke ọma karị mgbe ejiri ụdị usoro onunu ogwu jiri ogologo oge. Ndị a bụ Nicobid Tempules (mbadamba microencapsulated nke nwere ngwa ngwa na ndọhapụ), Slo-Niacin (njikọ nke nicotinic acid na polygel), Enduracin (matrix nke ebe okpomọkụ na-enwe nicotinic acid).

Onlyụ naanị nicotinic acid n’ime ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị nke 3 g ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-eduga ná mbelata mgbarụ myocardial na-adịghị egbu egbu, ọrịa strok, na mkpa ọ gbasara ịwa ahụ na obi na arịa ọbara. N'ime ndị ọrịa na-anata nicotinic acid, enwere akara nke iwepụta akwara na -akpata ọnya ụbụrụ, mbelata ọnụọgụ nke ọrịa ọnya afọ na atherosclerotic.

Nsonaazụ Cardiotophic nke nicotinic acid

Site na iji nicotinic acid ugboro ugboro na myocardium mebiri emebi, ọdịnaya nke pyruvic na lactic acid na-ebelata, ebe ọdịnaya glycogen na adenosine triphosphate na-abawanye.

Microkwalite microcirculation site na ịgbasa capillaries na-abawanye ụba oxygen myocardial. N'ihi usoro nhazi nke biochemical, ọrụ nkwekọrịta nke myocardium na-akawanye mma (nsonaazụ nke nicotinic acid).

Niacin nwere mmetụta nke ọgwụ ọgwụ, nke na usoro ọgwụgwọ nwere ọrịa obi na antiarrhythmic mmetụta - cardiac glycosides. A na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ agwọ ọrịa nkụchi obi. Kachasịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsị bụ bụ nicotinic acid na ijiri digitalis glycosides.

Mmetụta ịba ọcha n'anya nke vitamin PP

Niacin metụtara ọrụ imeju. A na-egosipụta mmetụta ịba ọcha n'anya na mkpali nke secretion na secretion nke bile, mkpali nke ịkpụkpọ glycogen na ọrụ nkuzi protin nke imeju.
Egosipụta Niacin:

• axụrụma dị iche iche nke ọdịdị ọkachamara - nsị na aniline, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, hydrazine,
• a sị na-egbu anụ ụlọ,
• into withụ ọgwụ ọjọọ na barbiturates, ọgwụ mgbochi TB, sulfonamides,
• ya na ịba ọcha n'anya.

N'okpuru mmetụta nke nicotinic acid, a na-eme ka ikike imebi nke imeju ka ọ dịkwuo mma - guzobe glucuronic acid, nke etolite n’oge usoro detoxification, na-abawanye, a na-edochi ọgwụ metabolic na-egbu egbu na mmiri ọgwụ mpụga.

Mmetụta Neurotropic nke nicotinic acid

A na-akpọ ọgwụ Neurotropic nwere mmetụta na sistemụ akwara na akụkụ ụjọ. Niacin tinyere aka na biosynthesis nke homonụ na-emetụta ụbụrụ mmadụ.

“Hoormone nke obi uto” anakpo serotonin site na tryptophan. Serotonin na-emetụta ụra mmadụ na ọnọdụ ya. Ebe ọ bụ na acid nicotinic bụ ihe dị oke mkpa maka imepụta ike n'ime sel nke anụ ahụ, mgbe ọ na-adịghị ike, otu akụkụ dị ukwuu nke tryptophan na-agbanye acid nicotinic. Ka a na-etinyekwu ya na teleptophan n'ike, ọ bụ obere obere ka ọ ga-akwụsị iwere ma nwee ezigbo ụra. Enweghị nke serotonin na-eduga ụra ehighị ụra, ịta ahụhụ na-adịghị mma, ịda mbà n'obi, ụjọ, ruo ịda mbà n'obi, echiche efu, na mgbe ụfọdụ schizophrenia.

Niacin bụ naanị vitamin na-etinye aka na metabolism nke anụ ahụ n'ime ahụ mmadụ. A na-egosipụta akụrụngwa ya na neurotropic site na usoro mgbochi inhibitory. Thenme ka usoro inhibitory dị n'okpuru nicotinic acid nwere mmetụta bara uru n'ahụ ahụ dum: mmụba dị ukwuu, belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmeghachi omume na-ekwesịghị ekwesị.

A na-eji Niacin mee ihe n’ịgwọ ọnọdụ neurotic na akparamaagwa, mmanya na-egbu egbu (mmachi mmetụta), na ahoụrụma na-adịghị ala ala. Ọ na - eme ka ọgwụ na - egbochi ọgwụ na ihe na - egbochi ike, na - ebelata mmetụta nke caffeine na phenamine.

Nicotinamide na-ezo aka na ọgwụ ị gwakọtara ọnụ na ọtụtụ ojiji. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ọgwụ Cytoflavin. Nke a bụ ihe mejupụtara nke ihe dị iche iche, ihe dị mma nke na-enwe mmetụta na-achịkwa usoro ụzọ niile dị na sistemụ akwara na-adị, ma ọ bụ na-enwekarị nsogbu ma ọ bụ obere oge n'oge ụbụrụ ischemia.

Cytoflavin na-ebelata ogo ịre akwara ma na-eme ka iweghachi ọrụ dị na ọnya afọ ischemic. Ọgwụ a na-emetụta usoro ndị bụ isi pathophysiological nke na-ewere mbibi ischemic na akụkụ ụbụrụ neuronal:

• na-eweghachi ihe nchekwa maka antioxidant,
• na-emekwa ka usoro mmeghachi omume nke ike na-arụ ọrụ,
• na - egbochi ikike mmeghachi nke oxidative, na - amụba ikike nke mkpụrụ ndụ iji glucose na oxygen,
• Na-akwalite njikọ protein n'ime sel.

Site na ọtụtụ mmetụta ndị a, enwere mmezi n'ọbara na akwara ọbara, mmezi nke ọrụ metabolic na mkpụrụ ndụ nke sistem, nke gosipụtara site na mbelata nke ụkọ akwara dị na mweghachi na mweghachi nke arụ ọrụ.

Nicotinamide bụ akụkụ nke ọgwụ metabolic ejikọtara ọnụ Kokarnit (onye nrụpụta - World Medicine, UK). A na-egosi ọgwụ ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ symptomatic nke nsogbu nke ọrịa shuga mellitus - polyneuropathy na-arịa ọrịa mamịrị.

Nicotinamide na-eme ka akwara dị na irighiri akwara na ọbara na-erugharị na akwara ndị dị na mellitus na-arịa ọrịa shuga, na-ebelata ihe mmịpụta akwara, usoro nke radicals na ngwaahịa nke abụọ nke ịgwọ anwụrụ. Ogwu a nwere otutu otutu ihe ojoo na oke mmuta ya na oke doses n’azu ndi oria, nke ihe otutu omumu gosiputara.

Pellagra (ụkọ acid nicotinic): mgbaàmà na ọgwụgwọ

Pellagra (sitere na Italiantali pelle agra - anụ ahụ siri ike) bụ ọrịa jikọtara ya na iwebata nri ezughị ezu ma ọ bụ inweta nicotinic acid nke ezughị ezu. Na obi nke ọrịa bụ imebi ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ na ike ha iji kee oke.

N'oge gara aga, pellagra mepụtara ebe ọka ghọrọ nri nri kachasị. Na omenaala a, a na-ahụ nicotinic acid n'ụdị siri ike, ọ dị njọ na tryptophan, ebe enwere ike ị nweta vitamin. Isi mpaghara ihe pellagra bụ ndịda Europe, Africa, Latin America, steeti ndịda USA. Na tsarist Russia, a hụrụ ọrịa ahụ na Bessarabia (Moldova), ruo ntakịrị na Georgia.

Isi ihe kpatara mmepe nke ụkọ nicotinic acid na mba anyị bụ ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke eriri afọ (enteritis, colitis) metụtara ịmịkọrọ.

Ihe kpatara oria a

Ihe kpatara ọrịa ahụ abụghị naanị obere ọdịnaya nke nicotinic acid na nri, kamakwa:

• ezughi tryptophan,
• ọdịnaya leucine dị elu na nri, nke na-egbochi njikọta NADPH nwere ahụ,
• ọkwa dị ala nke ndị na-achị achị pyridoxine,
• ọnụnọ nke niacin na niacinogen na ngwaahịa ọka, yana ụdị nicotinic acid ndị na-emetụta ahụ gị.

N'ime ụmụaka, pellagra na-etolite nri na-edozighi edozi nke oke carbohydrates. N’oge ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọrịa ahụ na-ebilite n’ime ụmụaka ndị a na-enye nwa ara, n’ihi nri na-ezighi ezi na nri nke nne na-enye nwa ara.

Usoro ọmụmụ na - eme n'oge ọrịa

Na pellagra, anụahụ, akụkụ ahụ akwara afọ na akwara ozi na-emetụta. Ogo nke usoro a dabere na ogbo na ụdị ọrịa ahụ.
Mgbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ na-apụta n’ụdị ebe buru ibu na agba aja aja na-acha ọbara ọbara, na-ejupụta n’ọbara, ya na oke ọnya. Akpụkpọ ahụ na-aza, na-emechi. Na ọkwa nke ọrịa ahụ, atrophy nke epidermis na-apụta.

Mgbu ma ọ bụ ọnya apụta n’olulu a na-ekwu okwu. Edematous na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie nke nwere ọnya na-egbu mgbu mechara bụrụ lacquered. Mgbanwe nke atrophic na-adị na epithelium integumentary nke pharynx na esophagus, akpụkpọ ahụ mucous nke obere na nnukwu eriri afọ.

A na-ebelata afọ, pancreas na imeju na nha. Mucous akpụkpọ ahụ nke afọ bụ ọbara ọgbụgba, na-enwe ọbara ọgbụgba na-enweghị otu, na-egosipụta ike na-adịghị ike. A na-emechi oghere nke gland diges, achilia na - eme - enweghị hydrochloric acid na enzyme pepsin na ihe ọ gastụ gastụ gastric. A na-ahụta mbelata nke mkpụrụ ndụ hepatocyte na imeju.

N'ime ụbụrụ na ogwe azụ, yana sistem akụkụ akwara, a na-achọpụta mgbanwe dystrophic na neurocytes nke nwere akwara neuronophagy - na - emebi ma ọ bụ na - agbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na - emebi ma wepụ ya n’ahụ site na iji phagocytes - sel nke sistem.

Ọkpụkpụ metabolic dị mkpa na ọrụ nke ọtụtụ akụkụ na-eduga ngbanwe na ngbanwe n’akwanyị na akwara niile. A na-emetụta akụrụ, ngụgụ, obi, anụ ahụ.

Ọrịa Pellagra

A na-achọta Pellagra n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ntorobịa, n'oge ọ bụ nwata - ọ dịkarịghị obere. N'ozuzu, ndị okenye gbara afọ 20 ruo 50 na-arịa ọrịa.
Ihe ngosi ato bu nke pellagra putara:

• dermatitis - anụ ọnya na symmetrical ebe ịnwetanwu ihe nke ìhè anyanwụ (ya mere aha ọrịa),
• afọ ọsịsa - eriri afọ na-ewe iwe,
• dementia - nsogbu nke ụbụrụ na mfu nchekwa, dementia, delirium.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa na-ebukarị na njedebe nke oge oyi. Ndị ọrịa na-esighi ike ugboro 3-5 n’ụbọchị ugboro ugboro. Egwu na-enweghị ugwu ọbara na imi, mmiri, nwere ísì ọjọọ.
Mgbe ahụ enwere mmetụta na-ere ọkụ n'ime oghere ọnya na nnukwu salivation. Akpụkpọ ọnụ, na-egbugbere ọnụ. Ọkpụkpụ na-apụta na goms na n'okpuru ire. Mgbanwe n’asụsụ bụ njirimara. Na mbido, kpuchie azụ ya site na mmetụ nke agba ojii na-agba aja aja, akụkụ ya na ọnụ ya na-acha ọbara ọbara. Nke nta nke nta, ịcha uhie uhie gbasaa na asụsụ niile, ọ ga-adikwa nwayọ ma na-egbu maramara.
Mgbe ahụ pinegric erythema na-apụta: na mpaghara oghe (ihu, olu, azụ aka na ụkwụ), anụ ahụ na-acha ọbara ọbara, na-aza aza na itic n'okpuru nduzi nke ìhè anyanwụ. Oge ụfọdụ ọnya na-etolite ma daa akwa. Bọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, ọrịa nrịanrịa ọmịiko pụtara. Site na mbelata mbufụt nke anụ ahụ metụtara, ọnụnọ na-acha aja aja na-adịgide, na-adị obere ụdi dịka vitiligo.

Ọrụ nke irighiri akwara na akụkụ akwara ozi na - emebi emebi. Dizziness, isi ọwụwa na-apụta. A na-eji enweghị nkụchi dochie enweghị mmasị. Psychoses, psychoneuroses na-etolite, n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike ịkọwara ihe anya na-ekwu, ihe na-ama jijiji na-eme, njigharị nke uche na-etolite.

N ’oge nwata, ekwuputaghi akara ngosiputa nke pellagra. Ahụhụ nke ire, nsogbu nke eriri afọ na akwara gbasara ahụ. Mgbanwe nke psyche dị ụkọ.

Nsogbu kachasị njọ banyere pellagra bụ encephalopathy (emebi ụbụrụ ụbụrụ) na mmeghachi omume psychotic.

Nchoputa nke oria

Nchoputa a dabere na njiri mara ihe nlere nke oria a, data gbasara udiri nri, omumu ihe banyere ndu. Ejiri Pellagra gosipụtara ọdịnaya nke NI-methylnicotinamide na mmamịrị ụbọchị kwa n'okpuru 4 mg, yana ọdịnaya nicotinic acid dị n'okpuru 0.2 mg. Ihe dị n’ime ọbara na mmamịrị nke vitamin B ndị ọzọ na-ebelata.

Ndị ọrịa niile nwere ngosipụta ọhụụ ma na-eme kwa mgbe kwa mgbe ka a na-aga ụlọ ọgwụ.

Ọgwụ maka ndị ọrịa nwere ụkọ acid nicotinic gụnyere nri nwere vitamin PP nke nwere protein zuru oke. N'ụdị dị nro nke vitamin, a na-enye vitamin. A na-etinye ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa ịba n'ime obere eriri afọ.
Usoro a na-atụ aro kwa ụbọchị maka ọgwụgwọ bụ 300 mg nke vitamin, kewara n'ime usoro 2 - 3. Ọgwụgwọ dịruru izu atọ na anọ.

Ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ nke nicotinic acid ka a họọrọ n'ụdị nicotinamide, nke nwere mmetụta bekee dị ala karịa ojiji nke nicotinic acid.

N'ihe banyere nsogbu uche, a na-enye usoro ọgwụ mgbochi mkpirisi ala (chlorpromazine, frenolone, triftazine) yana ngwakọta na antidepressants (amitriptyline) na tranquilizer (seduxen), nke a na-eduzi intramuscularly ma ọ bụ intravenously. N'ihe banyere mmepe nke ọrịa psychosyndrome, a na-atụ aro oke doamine ma ọ bụ nootropil n'ụdị usoro ọmụmụ ọzọ.

Ebe ọ bụ na pellagra gosipụtara ihe ịrịba ama nke erughi vitamin B ndị ọzọ, yana amino acid tryptophan, atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ gụnyere iwebata nkwadebe siri ike nke vitamin B.

Mgbe ịmalitere ọgwụgwọ, ihe mgbaàmà nke eriri afọ na-ewe iwe na-apụ n'anya mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole gasịrị. Ihe mgbaàmà nke dementia na dermatitis na-akawanye mma na izu mbụ nke ọgwụgwọ. Ọ bụrụ na pellagra enwetara ụdị ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala, a chọrọ oge ọgwụgwọ ka agbakee ka ọ gbakee, mana agụụ onye ọrịa na ahụike n'ozuzu ya ga-agbake ngwa ngwa.

Nke abuo pellagra

A kọwara ọrịa nke ọrịa pellagra na ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa nke digestive system na anachlorhydria (enweghị hydrochloric acid) na kansa nke esophagus, ọnya, kansa na ọrịa syphilitic nke afọ na duodenum, ọnya afọ na-adịghị ala ala, ụkwara nta, mgbe ọnyụnyụ ọbara gasịrị, mgbe usoro nri digestive na-egbu egbu a ,ụrụma, ịgwọ ụkwara nta na isoniazid.

Sdị Usoro Ọgwụ

Niacin dị n'ụdị mbadamba na ntụtụ.
Subcutaneous na injection nke vitamin na-egbu mgbu. A ga-eji nwayọ nwayọ dozie ya, ebe ọ bụ na mbelata ọbara mgbali elu nwere ike ibute.

Otu mbadamba nwere: nicotinic acid 0.05 g - ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ, glucose, stearic acid - ihe inyeaka.
Otu milliliter nke injection nwere: nicotinic acid 10 mg - ihe na-arụ ọrụ, sodium bicarbonate, mmiri maka ịgba ntụtụ - ndị na-ebu ibu.

Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke pellagra (ụkọ vitamin PP).

Ejikọtara ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa ischemic cerebrovascular, ịrịa ọrịa nke akwara ụkwụ (obliterating endarteritis, ọrịa Raynaud) na akụrụ, nsogbu nke ọrịa shuga mellitus - polyneuropathy na-arịa ọrịa shuga, microangiopathy.

Ọrịa imeju - ịba ọcha n'anya na-adịghị ala ala, gastritis nwere obere acidity, ọdịdị ihu neuritis, mmerụ ahụ dị iche iche (ọkachamara, ọgwụ, mmanya), ọnya na-adịghị agwọ ọnya ogologo oge.

Usoro onunu ogwu na ogwu nke nicotinic acid

A na-eji ya dị ka dọkịta si eduzi ya.
A na-ewere ọgwụ Nicotinic acid mbadamba mgbe e risịrị nri.
Dika enyere ndi oria ogwu

• ndị okenye - nicotinic acid 0.1 g 2-4 ugboro n'ụbọchị (kacha kwa ụbọchị - 0,5 g),
• ụmụaka - site na 0.0125 ruo 0.05 g 2 ruo ugboro 3 kwa ụbọchị, dabere na afọ.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ ụbọchị iri na ise ruo ụbọchị iri abụọ.
Ndị okenye nwere ọghọm ischemic cerebrovascular, spasms nke arịa aka, gastritis nwere obere acidity, ihu irighiri akwara neuritis, ọnya na ọnya, a na-atụ aro nicotinic acid ka ọ bụrụ otu ọgwụ dị 0.05 - 0.1 g, kwa ụbọchị ruo 0,5 g. ọgwụgwọ - ọnwa 1.

Njikwa ọgwụgwọ, ịdọ aka ná ntị

Iji gbochie nsogbu imeju na iji ọgwụ nicotinic acid ruo ogologo oge na nnukwu usoro, a na-atụ aro ka etinye nri bara ụba na methionine (cheese n'ụlọ) na nri ma ọ bụ iji methionine, lipoic acid, dị mkpa na ọgwụ Lipotropic ndị ọzọ.

Iji kpachara anya, ekwesịrị iji nicotinic acid mee ihe maka gastritis nwere nnukwu acidity, ọnya peptic na ọnya duodenal.N'oge ọgwụgwọ na vitamin, karịsịa na nnukwu usoro, ị kwesịrị iji nlezianya nyochaa ọrụ imeju.

Mmekọrịta na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ

Withgba dọkịta aka dị mkpa ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ọgwụ nicotinic acid mee ihe n'otu oge na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ.

Ọgwụ ọgwụ incompatibility. Agwakọtala na ahiri ahihia chloride (thiamine chloride).

Potentiates ọrụ nke fibrinolytic elekọta mmadụ, antispasmodics na gbasara obi glycosides, na-akwalite utịp hepatotropic mmetụta mmanya.

Ekwesịrị ịkpachara anya mgbe ejikọtara ya na ọgwụ antihypertensive (mmụba na mmetụta antihypertensive ga-ekwe omume), anticoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid, n'ihi ihe ize ndụ nke ọbara ọgbụgba.

Ọ na-ebelata nsị nke neomycin ma gbochie mbelata nke ịkpa ike cholesterol na nnukwu mkpụrụeme lipoproteins na-ebute ya. Na-ebelata nsị na-egbu egbu nke barbiturates, ọgwụ mgbochi TB, sulfonamides.

Ihe mgbochi oral na isoniazid belatara ntụgharị nke tryptophan ka ọ bụrụ nicotinic acid ma yabụ nwere ike ịbawanye mkpa nicotinic acid.

Ọgwụ nje nwere ike ịkwalite hyperemia kpatara nicotinic acid.

A na-enye Niacin akwụkwọ ọgwụ n'etinyeghị ya ọgwụ.

Nicotinamide

Ihe ngosiputa maka ojiji nke nicotinamide - hypovitaminosis na vitamin PP, yana steeti nke aru bara ụba nke vitamin PP:

• erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ na nri na-edozi ahụ (gụnyere parenteral),
• malabsorption, gụnyere megide mmalite nke ọrịa akwara.
• ida oke ibu
• ọrịa shuga mellitus
• ọnya na-egbu ogologo oge
• eriri afọ
• Ọrịa Hartnup
• ọrịa nke hepatobiliary mpaghara - nnukwu na ala ala ịba ọcha n'anya, cirrhosis,
• hyperthyroidism
• ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala
• ọrịa nke eriri afọ - hypo- na anacid gastritis, enterocolitis, colitis, gluten enteropathy, afọ ọsịsa, oke ebe okpomọkụ, ọrịa Crohn,
• ụkwara ọjọọ
• ọrịa nke mpaghara oropharyngeal,
• ogologo oge nchegbu
• afọ ime (karịsịa na nicotine na ọgwụ ịdabere na ya, ọtụtụ afọ ime),
• oge lactation.

Dịka vasodilator, a dịghị eji nicotinamide eme ihe. Nicotinamide enweghị mmetụta hypoliplera.

N'ihi mmeghachi omume na-anọpụ iche nke ihe ngwọta ahụ, nicotinamide anaghị akpata mmeghachi omume mpaghara n'oge ntụtụ. N'adịghị ka nicotinic acid, ọgwụ ahụ enweghị mmetụta vasodilating akpọ, ya mere, site n'iji nicotinamide, a naghị ahụ ihe mgba ọkụ ahụ.

Edere ọgwụ a ọnụ na ịgba ntụtụ.

Acid Nicotinic maka ntutu

Mgbe etinyere n’akuku isi ahụ, nicotinic acid na-adapụsị akwara ọbara, na-eme ka ọbara na-ekesasị, na-eme ka ebugharị oxygen na ihe metụtara uru, na-eme ka usoro metabolic dị na anụ ahụ, nke na-egbochi ntutu isi ma na-akpali uto ya.

Ntụziaka maka iji ntutu edozi na-egosi na mgbe ị na-eji nicotinic acid baldness na-akwụsị, ntutu ga-adịwanyerịrị, na-enwu gbaa na silkiness. Niacin na-akwadokwa ụcha ntutu nkịtị, ka ihe mgbapụ megide isi awọ.
Nicotinic acid nke bụ akụkụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ na iji ya mgbe niile:

• na-eteta ntutu isi n'ụra ma na-akwalite uto ntutu site na ịkpali microcirculation,
• na-eweghachi ma na-emezi bọta ndị mebiri emebi,
• na - egbochi ntutu isi site na ime ka mgbọrọgwụ sie ike ma na - egbochi ihe mejuputara gburugburu nke agba gburugburu,
• Ọ na - enyere aka mepụta melanin - ụcha na - eme ka curls chara acha, na - echekwa ụcha ha ma gbochie ọdịdị ntutu isi.

Ngwaahịa ahụ anaghị akpọ nkụ anụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na -ejigoro ya ugboro ugboro, dị ka nnwale nke akpịrị.

Ofzọ iji acid nicotinic mee ihe: mepee ọkpọ nkụ ahụ ozugbo ejiri ya. Wunye ihe dị n'ime ọkpọ ahụ ozugbo ịsachasịrị ya n'isi, na-agbanye mmegharị ahụ na-ekesa acid ahụ n'elu elu ahụ niile. Etinyekwala ngwaahịa a aka.

Obere akpụ na ọnya ịchafụ mgbe etinyechara ngwaahịa a bụ n'ihi microcirculation mụbara ma bụrụkwa ihe kwesiri.

Jiri nicotinic acid otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị. Na-atụ aro N'ezie - 14 ọgwụgwọ. Enwere ike imeghachi ya kwa ọnwa atọ.

N’agbanyeghi uru nile, ekwesighi iji nicotinic acid mee ihe n’ebe omume n’ụlọ ọgwụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ mmetụta ndị na-eso vitamin PP dị elu.